Futurism

English painter William Roberts, revered for his large, complex and colourful compositions that he exhibited annually since the 1950s at the opening hours of the Royal Academy, was at the beginning of his career among the pioneers of the English art avant-garde. A member of Fry’s studio “Omega” and Vorticism group of Wyndham Lewis, Roberst positioned himself as a Cubist and for most of his very long creative career worked outside the mainstream.The artist, who had long served as the official military painter, was also elected a full member of the Royal Academy and awarded prizes. Roberts' works are not only in the collection of his London House Museum, but are also widely represented at the prestigious Tate Modern Gallery and other English and American museums and galleries.

A famous artist (painter and graphic artist), art theorist, talented teacher, a prominent figure in the cultural process of the first quarter of the 20th century. A native of Russia, Viktor Palmov is rightly considered a classic of the Ukrainian avant-garde. The artist developed his theory of "colorization" and was the author of several articles on the problems of the theory of new painting, published in the magazine "New Generation". The master’s works were among those “arrested” and were banned from showing at galleries and museums on a par with the canvases of A. Bogomazov, D. Burliuk, A. Exter, and “Boychukists”.

An Italian artist associated with the second generation of futurism. Luigi Colombo signed his work with the pseudonym Phillia, using his mother's maiden name for this. From an early age, he was interested in theatre and achieved certain successes in this, but later became interested in Futurism and devoted himself to the fine art. The artist was a co-author of several manifestos of Futurism and wrote many art studies that reveal the essence and features of modern art.In Turin, where Phillia mostly worked and lived, he organized a futuristic society, thereby making an important contribution to the development of this art movement in the region. He made several long trips to Paris, where he came into contact with the most influential avant-garde masters. Among his colleagues, Colombo stood out for his extreme activity in the field of art. He always remained at the center of cultural events, both Italian and foreign, organized various events, was the editor of several periodicals.The artist’s style gradually evolved from sharp futuristic works to abstract canvases with smoother lines and organic colours. In mature works, Phillia studied the subjective inner world of a person, his subconscious and psychological aspects.

An English avant-garde artist, a graphic illustrator, closely associated with British Vorticism. Together with Jessica Dismorr, she formed the “female” part of a group of 11 artists who signed the Vorticist Manifesto. Helen Saunders published her artwork, as well as poetry and prose in BLAST magazine. As a representative of early British Abstractionism, she became one of the first authors in the country working in a style very close to non-figurative, and she reached certain heights in this, developing her style in the mainstream of ideas of Post-Impressionism and Vorticism.An important contribution of the artist to the social life of the country was her active support of the struggle to provide women with suffrage.The non-durable Vorticist movement, initially often seen as a “muscular” manly affair, was supported by two women in such an innovative and compelling manner that so far none of the retrospective exhibitions dedicated to this Anglo-American movement could be held without their paintings. One of the largest ones, “Vorticists: rebel artists in London and New York, 1914-1918” (2011), was exhibited not only in the United States and Great Britain but also in Italy.According to Helen Saunders, the movement represented "a very segmental group of artists, each of whom developed their ideas under the auspices of the vortex".

An English avant-garde artist, an active participant in the non-durable but radical movement “Vorticism” that appeared in London just before the First World War.Edward Wadsworth not only signed the Manifesto of the new association, but also created graphic compositions for Blast magazine, working closely with its chief editor, Wyndham Lewis. Having placed the magazine “Explosion” in Wadsworth’s hand in his canvas “Vorticists in the restaurant de la Tour Eiffel: Spring, 1915”, his colleague W. Roberts emphasized his significant role in the group. This was fundamentally important in the 1960s, when interest in the movement became more intense.The artist traveled a lot and contributed to the further development of the British avant-garde, introducing ideas of Surrealism into it. He was a member of such significant creative associations as the Paris group Abstraction-Création.

An Italian artist, an outstanding representative of the second wave of Futurism in painting, one of the first Surrealists in his country. Enrico Prampolini was an unusually gifted man who showed his talent in many branches of art. His contemporaries knew him as a theater set designer and designer, as well as an architect who created several fundamental works. Together with Gerardo Dottori, the artist worked in the style of aerial painting, creating works based on the feeling of flight, the features of the air perspective and speed.Prampolini was one of the authors of the Manifesto of Mechanical Art, which proclaimed the dominance of machines in the world of the future and the close connection of new technologies with painting. The artist believed that contemporary art should be based on the use of mechanical elements from the world of industry. In his works, he praised the coherence and rhythm inherent in the work of mechanisms.The painter’s art developed in close contact with the avant-garde movements of Europe. Prampolini knew Paris Cubists, and also took an active part in the work of the German Bauhaus movement. Being a supporter of the abstract geometric construction of the composition, which is characteristic of Italian Futurism, Prampolini gradually moved to a complete abstraction, including elements of surrealism.

An Italian painter, architect, sculptor and art critic. He worked mostly in Milan and Rome. The work of Mario Sironi overcame several cardinal changes during his long career. The artist made the greatest contribution to Futurism, enriching and supplementing it with his original finds, as well as to metaphysical painting, becoming its bright and original representative. He was also one of the creators of the “Novechento” style that tried to change the diversity of modernist movements with a more rational “return to order”.Mario Sironi was a master of the industrial landscape subtly feeling the rhythm and atmosphere of his era. His paintings are distinguished by twilight mood and dark tones, contrasting sharply with the bright and enthusiastic canvases of Futurists. Using a rather limited palette, thanks to his sense of colour and form Sironi managed to create a unique atmosphere of alienation and emptiness of the modern world.Like many of his colleagues, the artist supported the fascist regime and created murals and mosaics commissioned to the order of the government. After the fall of the Mussolini regime, he experienced a great shock and disappointment, which negatively affected his work, but he continued to actively paint until the end of his days.

An Italian painter and sculptor, a representative of the second wave of Futurism and an outstanding participant in the movement of aero painting. Known for his realistic work that combines speed, aerial perspective and the mechanical aesthetics of war.The name Tullio Crali is inextricably connected with the theme of airplanes, which he repeatedly used in his work. Having made his first flight in 1928, the artist forever fell in love with the sky and the powerful roar of machines and decided to convey this impressive experience to the viewer with the help of painting.Crali joined Futurists at the age of 19, and, despite his youth, played a significant role in its development. At the beginning of his career, the artist painted military aircraft, praising the aesthetics of air combat and romanticizing the actions of Italian air forces. After the end of World War II, Crali remained faithful to the aesthetics of Futurism. His later works focused on the transfer of complete immersion in airspace from the point of view of the pilot. The works of Crali are distinguished by a dizzying perspective and expressive dynamics. His contribution to art is not only painting but also voluminous autobiographical works revealing the features of futuristic fine art.

Wyndham Lewis, the most famous English modernist, played a prominent role in both painting and literature. He is best known as the founder and the main representative of Vorticism, a specific branch of Futurism in the art that went far enough beyond its borders. Despite conventional methods, the idea of ​​this English avant-garde movement is not to glorify the mechanization of society, but in its detrimental effect. The name of the work that derived from the Italian «vortizto» (whirlwind) is taken from the statement by W. Boccioni, an Italian Futurist, that all creativity comes from a whirlwind of feelings. Through the journals he published, Lewis influenced the development of the pioneering British movement as a whole.He mostly created portraits – he depicted key representatives of the culture of England in the first half of the 20th century, whom he knew personally. In the plot genre, the most powerful is his cycle of works on military subjects: the artist participated in the First World War.

An English innovative artist, painter and graphic artist, a book illustrator. Jessica Dismorr was one of two women who became active members of the Vorticist movement and signed their Manifesto in 1914. Dismorr's fame is based on her status as an artist - a prominent representative of the early British avant-garde.Beginning as a Fauvist, Jessica worked a lot as a co-editor of the Blast magazine, which was aggressive towards Academism; in that magazine, she published her artwork, prose and poetry. Later, she created a recognizable form of geometric abstraction, which required not only talent, but also courage.Art historian H. Wilensky commented on her role as “the courage to overcome discrimination against female artists in England” and emphasized the importance of her work as “the most typical for artistic experiments of the time”. Due to the claims of W. Lewis (“this is what I personally did and said in a certain period”), it is not surprising that Dismorr was almost invisible in the history of modernism for quite a long time. However, a research conducted in the 1960s and an ongoing research, as well as major exhibitions, pay tribute to this artist and the second Vorticist, Helena Saunders.

An Italian Futurist artist, decorator and master of murals. The name Gerardo Dottori is inextricably connected with the historical region of Umbria, where he was born and lived most of his life and where most of his paintings are kept. In Perugia, his hometown, he founded the avant-garde art magazine Griffa, which carried out the task of spreading the ideas of Futurism in the region.The artist signed the “Aerial Painting Manifesto” in 1929 and became one of the leaders of this movement chanting speed, height and the feeling of flight. His most famous works are original images of Italian landscapes, often viewed from a great height. Bright, saturated shades of emerald and blue, which the artist used in his works, as well as fantastic landscapes, became the hallmark of the master.Dottori called himself a "rural futurist”. He never admired the roar of machines, urban bustle and noise. The artist preferred the calmness and contemplation of the hinterland where the time has a completely different speed, and nature and people do not change for centuries. For a long time, the artist’s work was among the little-known outside his homeland; however, in recent decades, the interest of Art Nouveau connoisseurs in bright and original works of Gerardo Dottori increased significantly.

A Russian avant-garde painter of Ukrainian origin, a graphic artist and art theorist. The name of Aleksander Shevchenko is found in the catalogues of all significant exhibitions of progressive associations and groups - "World of Art" and "Union of Youth", "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey’s Tail”. Undeniable is Shevchenko’s contribution to the theoretical justification of the value of primitive art, the further use of the techniques of cubism and futurism, as well as the theory of “colour dynamos” based on a combination of the latest and archaic forms of pictorial art that he developed together with A. Grishchenko.Shevchenko became the organizer and chairman of the "Workshop of painters", who advocated easel art. As a teacher, he invited many of his students to join this movement. Despite his departure from the radical avant-garde, he was criticized as a "formalist" more than once.Paintings of the master are presented in the largest collections of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum and many regional galleries and museums in the countries of the former Soviet Union.

An Italian artist and composer, poet, art theorist, one of the leaders of Futurism. Luigi Russolo was an extremely multi talented person, his talents included painting, music, literature and science.He was one of the most original representatives of Futurism, its founder and theorist. Music works of L. Russolo was approved and respected by great Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Diaghilev, the founder of the famous Parisian ballets. Russolo's famous manifesto entitled “The Art of Noise” became the basis for the emergence of a number of musical trends that appeared many years after the death of their author.The artist’s contemporaries remembered him as a bold experimenter who was not afraid to present his painting and music inventions to society. Together with Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla and other artists, he became the author of the “Technical manifesto of futuristic painting”, which was published in 1910.Russolo suggested introducing sound colours of the industrial world into art: the sounds of cars and trains, the noise of wheels, the sounds of factories and factories, the buzz of a busy crowd. His painting is distinguished by close connection with music and the extraordinary refinement of style and harmonious colour solutions.

An Italian painter and graphic artist, a representative of Futurism and Metaphysical painting. A creatively active artist and painting theorist, Carlo Carra was one of the most famous artists in Italy in the early decades of the 20th century and an influential member of the futuristic movement.The artist’s style changed dramatically several times over his long career. He survived several successive periods: early Neo-impressionism and Symbolism, Futurism, Cubism, metaphysics and neoclassical painting.The artist made the most significant contribution to Futurism. In his paintings, he skillfully combined the original techniques of cubism with dynamism and the bold innovation of futuristic ideology. Carra’s canvas of the futuristic period is filled with incredibly bright and energetic images, chaotic movement and wild emotions.During the war, he met with Giorgio de Chirico, with whom he founded a style known as metaphysical painting. Since then, he painted still lifes and interiors filled with ominous emptiness and mysterious silence. In the late 1920s, the artist completely abandoned the avant-garde art and defended the conservative aesthetics of Novecento.

A Russian avant-garde artist, painter and graphic artist, a stage designer, who worked in Paris for many years. In the history of Russian art, the name of N.S. Goncharova is closely associated with the name of M. Larionov: they worked together for 60 years, first in Russia, then in Paris. Unusually talented creators, collaborating, helped one another to establish their individuality.The artist called the Amazon of the avant-garde, a member of the Jack of Diamonds and Blue Horseman groups, a Futurist and Cubist painter, was a bold innovator in painting, a brilliant decorator that till now impresses art lovers with a rare variety of her great artistic talent.The so-called «Russian style» never existed in professional fine art before Goncharova's «Rooster». Inheriting the traditions of lubok art and using folk ideas about religion, the folklore of Egypt and her favourite Scythia, she, undoubtedly, combined all into a single harmonious style.

An Italian painter, graphic artist, art theorist and critic. One of the first and most influential Futurists in the country. Gino Severini worked for a long time in the style of cubism, maintaining relations with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris.Under the influence of his teacher Giacomo Balla, the artist learned ways of expressing movement and speed in painting, which led him to Futurism. Together with several associates, he signed the first Futurism Manifesto in 1910.The artist’s works are distinguished by dynamism, mobility and swiftness. At the same time, an amazing balance of composition characteristic of Cubists defines Severini’s work. This feature allows you to partially resolve the contradictions between Futurism and Cubism, to combine their attempts to create what is impossible: to depict an object at the same time from several points of time, viewing angles and positions in space. In his work, the artist came to this goal as close as possible, managing to depict a really moving, sounding and lively picture. The artist is considered an unsurpassed master in depicting the bustling nightlife of the city.

A Ukrainian artist and poet, publisher, critic, who worked in Russia, Japan and America. One of the founders of the Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde traditionally referred to as the "father of Russian Futurism".He was an initiator of revolutionary ideas, which united many famous people (Lentulov and Exter, Bogomazov and Palmov, poets Mayakovsky and Kamensky, Kruchyonykh and Khlebnikov, Aseev and Guro), as well as the creator of the group "Gilea" - the first literary and artistic union of the Futurists. He was a member and organizer of innovative groups “Stefanos Wreath”, “Jack of Diamonds”, a member of the Moscow Youth Union and the Munich Blue Horseman.The master was the first in Bashkortostan to create images of the indigenous population, the first to transfer avant-garde to the land of Japan.The artist’s museum was created in Brooklyn (New York, the USA); the American International Zaumi Academy annually presents the prize “International Mark of D. Burliuk".

A Lithuanian painter, master of applied graphics, a prominent art historian, teacher and talented organizer. As a bright representative of the second wave of Russian Suprematism and Constructivism, the artist actively promoted the ideas of new art close to Russian Suprematism in the style of Malevich and Constructivism in the style of Tatlin, as well as such styles as Cubism and Futurism.In 1923, the artist was the first to widely and officially introduce avant-garde art to Lithuanian artists and the public by organizing the New Art Exhibition in Vilnius. The process in this country was much slower, and the efforts undertaken by Kairiūkštis and his like-minded people to introduce the ideas of the European avant-garde significantly accelerated changes in Lithuanian art.At the invitation of Kairiūkštis, Polish Constructivists from “The Bloc” participated in the “New Exhibition”. This allowed Lithuanian artists to become members of this Warsaw association, and later to join the “Present Tense” group.For about 10 years, the artist headed the painting department at the Vilnius Academy of Arts, organized his own studio, and also worked in Kaunas. As a result of his active pedagogical activity, the entire generation of his compatriots was encouraged to radically depart from Academism.As a researcher of the Lithuanian modernist era, Vytautas Kairiūkštis published a monograph about his fellow countryman, watercolor artist Kajetonas Sklėrius, several articles on the work of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis and a number of articles on the theory and history of fine art.

An outstanding Argentinean artist, painter and cartoonist, master of scenery, illustrations and mosaic technology, spent the last period of his long creative career in Paris. He was one of the most influential avant-garde artists of Argentina in the 20th century and became famous for his unique style, combining the tendencies of different art movements in contemporary visual art. Galleries and museums in Europe, the United States and other countries purchased the master's works. However, most are in private collections; hundreds of paintings by the popular artist are exhibited annually at art auctions.

An English artist, one of the prominent figures of British avant-garde painting. A student of the famous Slade School, David Bomberg was one of the so-called “Whitechapel Boys”, artists from East London, many of who made important contributions to the visual arts of England. He was a member of the “London Group”, an association of artists of various modernist art movements. Bomberg exhibited his paintings at the New England Art Club and was a talented teacher, whose students were famous artists. The First World War, in which he was directly involved, had a profound effect on the artist's work, fundamentally changing his attitude to art. Despite the fact that the works of David Bomberg are considered the most vivid examples of the English avant-garde movement of Vorticism, he did not consider himself to be a representative this movement, always being independent in his creative style.

A Russian Italian-born artist who worked in France for many years. Repin's pupil and a brilliant representative of the Russian avant-garde in the early period of his creative work, Jean Pougny worked in the manner of Fauvism and lyrical primitivism in the longer Parisian period of his career.He was the organizer and sponsor of such avant-garde exhibitions as "Tram B" and the last futuristic exhibition "0, 10". In collaboration with his wife, artist Ksenia Boguslavskaya, he wrote a manifesto declaring the liberation of creativity from semantic content. Together with Malewicz, he gave a lecture on “Cubism - Futurism - Suprematism” and became a founding member of the union “Freedom to Art” and the community “0, 10”.He was a professor at the Petrograd free art workshops, collaborated with the newspaper “The Art of the Commune”, at the invitation of Marc Chagall taught at the Vitebsk Folk art school. Having emigrated to Germany, he wrote a controversial book “Modern Art”, which contained not only biased analysis, but also sharp criticism of non-subject matter.Becoming a French citizen, he was twice awarded the Legion of Honor. Pougny’s work of different periods is represented at many museums around the world - except for Russia; those are in France, the United States, Great Britain and other countries.

The largest Russian artist, painter and set designer.One of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, Aristarkh Lentulov is certified as a brave experimenter and a "sunny" artist in the history of fine art. He was a member of the Jack of Diamonds group and was one of the first to work at the junction of figurative and subjectless painting; he was the first to choose a colour as the orientation in painting. The organizer and chairman of the Society of Moscow Artists, a professor at several educational institutions.

Russian artist, restorer and teacher Nikolai Gushin received recognition as an author of landscapes, still lifes and plot compositions, draftsman.He was born into a poor family of a village teacher in the village of Taloklyuchinsky Vyatka province. He spent his childhood and youth in provincial Perm’, where the family had moved. In 1908-1910, simultaneously with studying at the Bekhterevsky Psychoneurological Institute (general education department, St. Petersburg), Gushin was a student of Ya. S. Goldblatt, visited his preparatory classes of painting and drawing.Not betraying his style of the symbolism of images, he painted ordered portraits, which were liked by the public and willingly bought by art collectors. The artist participated in the Paris Salons, exhibited his paintings at the Royal Academy of London, in the cities of Germany and the United States. An active organizer of the art school in Saratov and the first creative association of the Prikamye "Union of Free Artists". Gushin’s works are exhibited at the city museums of Paris and Grenoble, Monte Carlo and Nice, but the largest collection belongs to the Saratov Art Museum.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist and illustrator. A participant of the famous Bergen school. Along with Piet Mondrian and Ian Torop, the artist worked in a variety of styles, from Impressionism to Cubism and Expressionism, in which he showed himself most vividly.Leendert was born into a large family. His father and uncle were professional artists and gave the boy an initial art education.Leendert (Leo) Gestel was among the leading artists of Dutch Modernism, who did a lot to promote the advanced art trends in the country. He took part in the first exhibition of “The Circle of Contemporary Art" - an association of artists focused on avant-garde trends in painting, in particular, Cubism and Futurism. In addition to a large number of paintings and drawings, Leo Gestel was engaged in the creation of posters and the design of household items, illustrated a large number of books and magazines.Museum of Leo Gastel, which is now popular, was created in his house in Blaricum.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist and illustrator. A participant of the famous Bergen school. Along with Piet Mondrian and Ian Torop, the artist worked in a variety of styles, from Impressionism to Cubism and Expressionism, in which he showed himself most vividly.Leendert was born into a large family. His father and uncle were professional artists and gave the boy an initial art education.Leendert (Leo) Gestel was among the leading artists of Dutch Modernism, who did a lot to promote the advanced art trends in the country. He took part in the first exhibition of “The Circle of Contemporary Art" - an association of artists focused on avant-garde trends in painting, in particular, Cubism and Futurism. In addition to a large number of paintings and drawings, Leo Gestel was engaged in the creation of posters and the design of household items, illustrated a large number of books and magazines.Museum of Leo Gastel, which is now popular, was created in his house in Blaricum.

A Russian artist, a talented painter and a graphic artist, one of the leading practitioners and theoreticians of avant-garde, in particular, a member of «The Donkey's Tail group», the creator of the Futurist group named "Bloodless Murder", which published the eponymous magazine.He was born into the family of Russified Frenchman Basil Le Dante, a state doctor who was soon killed in the fight against the epidemic of cholera. Having inherited artistic talent from his parents, Michael began to paint at the age of 3-4.Searching for a technology for "new frescoes" the artist created murals of cabaret, cinema (not preserved, but mentioned by friends and art historians). As a magnificent graphic, he created drawings for "Bloodless Murder» magazine, in particular, he is known for his "Triple Self-Portrait in Military Form" (1915)Le Dante was the first to discover N. Pirosmanishvili's art and the first collector of his paintings.

Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp was a French and American artist, an art theorist, one of the founders of such art movements as Dadaism and Surrealism.Was born into a wealthy family. His mother, brothers and sister were engaged in painting, and Marcel grew up in a creative atmosphere, which contributed to the early manifestation of his talent. Following the older brothers, he began to paint in the style of impressionism, presenting quite interesting works from the age of 14.Marcel Duchamp, despite a small number of his works, was one of the most influential figures of fine art after the First World War, a genius and a rebel, who pushed the scope of painting beyond what was permitted. The artist was the author of the "ready-made" method, being the first to use the idea of ​​creating art objects from the most common objects, such as a bicycle wheel and even a urinal. The unusual and sometimes shocking creativity of Duchamp has opened wide opportunities for the further development of avant-garde art all over the world.At the end of his career, the artist departed from painting, preferring to use already finished objects for his works, which he called "ready-made", or creating voluminous collages. In addition to his artistic creativity, Marcel Duchamp starred in films, wrote articles and studied chess, in which he was a professional. Thanks to his versatile and unordinary talent, he left a bright mark in the art of the early twentieth century and laid the foundation for the emergence of completely new methods and trends in painting.

An outstanding Hungarian artist of Jewish origin, one of the most famous representatives of the Hungarian avant-garde of the first half of the 20th century. He was born to a working-class Jewish family. Using the aesthetics and techniques of a number of modern movements, Bela Kadar created powerful images based on the Magyar (Hungarian) culture and legends. The artist was a member of popular Berlin art group “Der Sturm”, his works were exhibited in Europe and America, were bought by the national museum of Hungary and remain in demand in the world to this day.His favorite plots were those with galloping horses, toy horses or statuettes appearing in urban and interior paintings, portraits and landscapes. Another motif, often reproduced by the artist, is music. His naked women were depicted with guitars and other instruments in the most unexpected ways. The master's pictures with subjects written in a light manner became widely famous - they provided a viewer with aesthetic pleasure and easily fit into any interior. Today, his paintings are in many private and public collections around the world, including the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest.

Artist and art theoretician. He was the pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematist movement and Cubo-Futurism.Malevich created his first oil painting at the age of 16. It was named “Moonlit Night”. In his paintings, he tried to combine the principles of Cubism, Futurism and Expressionism. He was also interested in aerial photography and aviation, which led him to abstractions inspired by aerial landscapes.

An artist, sculptor and theorist of fine art, one of the central figures of Italian Futurism. Together with Gino Severini, he learned the technique of pointillism from Giacomo Balla and became one of the authors of the Futurism Manifesto in 1910.Umberto Boccioni was the most active participant and propagandist of the movement, its theorist and practitioner. Boccioni made the most significant contribution to the art as a sculptor. He was the first to create futuristic sculptures and wrote a work entitled “Technical manifesto of futuristic sculpture”.Like many of his contemporaries, the artist admired technology, speed, scientific progress and everything that represented the triumph of mankind over nature. Boccioni's works vividly demonstrate the main finds of Futurists - the image of the dynamics and construction of objects using the “line-force” and the principle of “simultaneity”, in which a moving object is presented in the form of several repeating elements of different moments of motion.Umberto Boccioni died early while serving in the army. However, despite that, his name entered the history of modern art forever. The artist’s works are considered the best examples of Italian avant-garde art, and the statue “Unique forms of continuity in space” is rightfully called one of the iconic sculptures of the twentieth century.

The founder of European Futurism and one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century in Italy. The main thing in his painting is the sense of movement, which the artist tried to convey first with the help of pointillism invented by Georges Seurat, and later with his own methods and finds in art.Giacomo Balla became the author of the first paintings depicting various objects in dynamics; his deep knowledge of the art of photography helped him. The artist shared his discoveries with his students Umberto Boccioni and Gino Severini, with whom he proclaimed the manifesto of Futurism in 1910.Balla’s paintings entered the history of fine art as the first attempts to reproduce the dynamics of real life. Based on his work, the first animated films were created. The decomposition of objects, which the artist himself called "moving light", opened a direct path to non-point forms leading to complete abstraction.The post-war creations of the artist were close to abstraction; they became less rapid but more saturated in colour. Balla also became one of the founders of "aero painting" - a short-term movement in the visual arts, the purpose of which was to reflect the feeling of fly and weightlessness.In addition to the works of fine art, the painter created futuristic sculptures, theatrical scenery and costumes, as well as various design objects. His work served as the basis for the development of Abstract art.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

The Gallery of Modern Art (Genoa, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics (Trento, Italy).

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Museum of Art (Gallarate, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Estoric Collection of Contemporary Italian Art (London, the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Brera Gallery (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, plywood. Location: The Museum of Modern Art of Trento and Rovereto (Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, plywood. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (Udine, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art of Trento and Rovereto (Italy).

Mediums: oil, plywood, Location: The Lucy Marinetti Collection (Rome, Italy).

Mediums: oil, рlywood. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: the Museum of Modern Art of Trento and Rovereto (Italy).

Mediums: oil, рlywood. Location: private collection.

Mediums: board, oil. Location: The center of the arts (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: the Museum of Modern Art of Trento and Rovereto (Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of the commune of Perugia (Italy).

Mediums: board, oil. Location: The commune of Perugia (Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Vatican Museum.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of the commune of Perugia (Italy).

Mediums: tempera, board. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The City Gallery of Modern Art (Milan).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of the Land of Lower Saxony (Hanover, Germany).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (New York, the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (New York, the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Pinacoteca Brera (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The City Museum (Grenoble, France).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The National Museum of Modern Art, Center Pompidou (Paris, France).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of Mattioli (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The City Museum of Art (The Hague, Netherlands).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (New York, the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Art Gallery of Stuttgart (Germany).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Museum of Modern Art (New York, USA).

Материалы: масло, холст. Местонахождение: частная коллекция.

The original version is lost.

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: the collection of Peggy Guggenheim, Venice (Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the City Gallery of Modern Art (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Gallery (London, England).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Fine Arts, Székesfehérvár, Hungary.

Mediums: bronze. Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 60,5 x 60,5 сm. Location: Von Der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 70,8 x 95,9 сm. Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 95 x 70 сm. Location: Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy

Mediums: oil, panel. Dimensions: 58,4 x 60 сm. Location: Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art, Islington, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: tempera paints, paper, canvas. Dimensions: 51,1 x 65,5 сm. Location: Balla Collection, Rome, Italy.

Mediums: tempera paints, paper. Dimensions: 44,45 x 56 сm. Location: private location.

Mediums: tempera paints, paper.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Albright-Knox Art Gallery.

Mediums: tempera paints, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 174,7 x 114,7 сm. Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York City, US.