Post-impressionism

English painter William Roberts, revered for his large, complex and colourful compositions that he exhibited annually since the 1950s at the opening hours of the Royal Academy, was at the beginning of his career among the pioneers of the English art avant-garde. A member of Fry’s studio “Omega” and Vorticism group of Wyndham Lewis, Roberst positioned himself as a Cubist and for most of his very long creative career worked outside the mainstream.The artist, who had long served as the official military painter, was also elected a full member of the Royal Academy and awarded prizes. Roberts' works are not only in the collection of his London House Museum, but are also widely represented at the prestigious Tate Modern Gallery and other English and American museums and galleries.

An English avant-garde artist, an active participant in the non-durable but radical movement “Vorticism” that appeared in London just before the First World War.Edward Wadsworth not only signed the Manifesto of the new association, but also created graphic compositions for Blast magazine, working closely with its chief editor, Wyndham Lewis. Having placed the magazine “Explosion” in Wadsworth’s hand in his canvas “Vorticists in the restaurant de la Tour Eiffel: Spring, 1915”, his colleague W. Roberts emphasized his significant role in the group. This was fundamentally important in the 1960s, when interest in the movement became more intense.The artist traveled a lot and contributed to the further development of the British avant-garde, introducing ideas of Surrealism into it. He was a member of such significant creative associations as the Paris group Abstraction-Création.

A prominent English artist, a famous art critic and theorist, who is considered the author of such a term as post-impressionism, as well as the forerunner of a special kind of British Futurism - Vorticism.Becoming interested in French art movements, Roger Fry was able to organize an exhibition in London with paintings of several artists from Parisian groups. Despite harsh criticism, the artist repeated such an exposition two years later and thereby helped Post-impressionism and Cubism “to storm” British fine art. The artist depicted the second exhibition; that painting is now included in the collection of the Paris Orsay Museum.Of great importance for the formation of the British avant-garde was the work of the «Omega Workshops», a design studio organized by Fry, where representatives of the national avant-garde such as W. Bell, W. Lewis, D. Grant, and W. Roberts, began their careers.Professor and art historian Roger Eliot Fry wrote theoretical works, essays and lectures, which were very popular not only in the UK but also had a significant influence on many artists as well as art historians from around the world. Among the books characterized by the clarity of prose, in which the author demonstrated his brilliant knowledge of history and extraordinary analytical abilities, there is his study of the work of Paul Cezanne, Henri Matisse and others.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

A Russian avant-garde painter of Ukrainian origin, a graphic artist and art theorist. The name of Aleksander Shevchenko is found in the catalogues of all significant exhibitions of progressive associations and groups - "World of Art" and "Union of Youth", "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey’s Tail”. Undeniable is Shevchenko’s contribution to the theoretical justification of the value of primitive art, the further use of the techniques of cubism and futurism, as well as the theory of “colour dynamos” based on a combination of the latest and archaic forms of pictorial art that he developed together with A. Grishchenko.Shevchenko became the organizer and chairman of the "Workshop of painters", who advocated easel art. As a teacher, he invited many of his students to join this movement. Despite his departure from the radical avant-garde, he was criticized as a "formalist" more than once.Paintings of the master are presented in the largest collections of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum and many regional galleries and museums in the countries of the former Soviet Union.

An Italian painter and graphic artist, a representative of Futurism and Metaphysical painting. A creatively active artist and painting theorist, Carlo Carra was one of the most famous artists in Italy in the early decades of the 20th century and an influential member of the futuristic movement.The artist’s style changed dramatically several times over his long career. He survived several successive periods: early Neo-impressionism and Symbolism, Futurism, Cubism, metaphysics and neoclassical painting.The artist made the most significant contribution to Futurism. In his paintings, he skillfully combined the original techniques of cubism with dynamism and the bold innovation of futuristic ideology. Carra’s canvas of the futuristic period is filled with incredibly bright and energetic images, chaotic movement and wild emotions.During the war, he met with Giorgio de Chirico, with whom he founded a style known as metaphysical painting. Since then, he painted still lifes and interiors filled with ominous emptiness and mysterious silence. In the late 1920s, the artist completely abandoned the avant-garde art and defended the conservative aesthetics of Novecento.

A Russian avant-garde artist, painter and graphic artist, a stage designer, who worked in Paris for many years. In the history of Russian art, the name of N.S. Goncharova is closely associated with the name of M. Larionov: they worked together for 60 years, first in Russia, then in Paris. Unusually talented creators, collaborating, helped one another to establish their individuality.The artist called the Amazon of the avant-garde, a member of the Jack of Diamonds and Blue Horseman groups, a Futurist and Cubist painter, was a bold innovator in painting, a brilliant decorator that till now impresses art lovers with a rare variety of her great artistic talent.The so-called «Russian style» never existed in professional fine art before Goncharova's «Rooster». Inheriting the traditions of lubok art and using folk ideas about religion, the folklore of Egypt and her favourite Scythia, she, undoubtedly, combined all into a single harmonious style.

A Russian theater artist and set designer, painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of Russia. Golovin, who collaborated with V. Meyerhold and S. Diaghilev, was not only the greatest master of theatrical and decorative art but also one of its reformers. He possessed a keen sense of style, inexhaustible imagination and rare stage intuition, which always allowed him to find a single artistic solution to the production that influenced the work of the director. The name of Golovin is associated with an almost 20-year period in the development of Russian theater culture.As an easel artist, Alexander Golovin preferred Impressionism and Art Nouveau; however, he painted some portraits (for example, of his friend Nicholas Roerich) in a completely realistic manner.The peculiarity of Golovin as a portrait painter is in the fact that he created magnificent portraits of artists (ballerinas, actors) as the characters they played. The most significant are the images of Chaliapin - Golovin painted him as Mephistopheles, Holofernes, Boris Godunov, Farlaf, etc.Easel paintings by Alexander Golovin are in the most famous collections of Russia, and his sketches for costumes and stage became independent paintings of considerable value.

A Russian artist, one of the "Amazons" of the avant-garde in Russia. Udaltsova devoted most of her career to easel painting; in the late period of her work, she was engaged in graphics. The artist was an active member and exhibitor of the “Jack of Diamonds”, “World of Art”, “Supremus”, “Moscow Painters”, and “13”.Having successively passed through the stages of Cubism, Cubo-futurism and Suprematism that logically followed Constructive art, the artist moved away from the avant-garde, since she preferred the aesthetics of figurative painting.As a teacher, she developed the innovative Object in Space course for free art workshops and the Institute of Art Culture, where she began working as an assistant to Malevich. The artist devoted more than ten years to teaching - before being accused of formalism and dismissed.The art of Udaltsova, an artist of the era, is distinguished by harmony, the integrity of compositions, and boldness of experiments. Her paintings, which have undeniable artistic and collection value, are in the largest museums in Russia and private collections.

An outstanding Ukrainian painter and graphic artist, one of the main representatives of the avant-garde fine art of the first half of the 20th century. He worked in the genres of landscape, portrait, still life and plot painting. David Shterenberg was a talented teacher; among his numerous students and followers, there were such prominent masters as A. A. Deineka and others. A multi-talented personality and creator, he was a book artist and a master of theatrical scenery.Being ahead of the development of new styles, the artist developed a theory of minimalism in a still life, where elements of Primitivism and Cubism harmoniously combined. He developed and published the program treatise "Tasks of Contemporary Art." He was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the USSR.The merit of the master in the world of art is that he defended the fundamental importance of easel painting in the general formation of a new aesthetics of the 20th century being in full solidarity with avant-garde art.

A Ukrainian artist and poet, publisher, critic, who worked in Russia, Japan and America. One of the founders of the Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde traditionally referred to as the "father of Russian Futurism".He was an initiator of revolutionary ideas, which united many famous people (Lentulov and Exter, Bogomazov and Palmov, poets Mayakovsky and Kamensky, Kruchyonykh and Khlebnikov, Aseev and Guro), as well as the creator of the group "Gilea" - the first literary and artistic union of the Futurists. He was a member and organizer of innovative groups “Stefanos Wreath”, “Jack of Diamonds”, a member of the Moscow Youth Union and the Munich Blue Horseman.The master was the first in Bashkortostan to create images of the indigenous population, the first to transfer avant-garde to the land of Japan.The artist’s museum was created in Brooklyn (New York, the USA); the American International Zaumi Academy annually presents the prize “International Mark of D. Burliuk".

An Uzbek artist of Russian origin, one of the main founders of contemporary art in Central Asia, the organizer of several art associations of Uzbekistan, his motherland, where he worked fruitfully. The phenomenon of the Russian and Asian master lies in the fact that his best works are important not only for the formation of the Turkestan and Uzbek painting school but also for the history of art in general.The artist's legacy took a special place in the overall development of Central Asian art of the 20th century since it had its origins in the art of the East and the West. Volkov actively used traditional national motifs of arts and crafts and achieved monumentalism in creating images of ordinary workers, not losing touch with the cubist painting manner.Despite getting the title of People’s Artist in 1946, Alexander Volkov was accused of formalism in the same year; he was forbidden from exhibiting his paintings and teaching at the Tashkent Art College, where he had worked for almost 20 years.

A Ukrainian artist, major representative and one of the leading theorists of the Ukrainian art avant-garde of the early 20th century. Alexander Bogomazov is usually accompanied by the epithet “Ukrainian Picasso”, but he interpreted his work as cubofuturism in the article “Painting and Elements”, paying much attention to the rhythmic component of the work.Art critics characterize the world-class master as the most consistent of Cubo-Futurists, who most harmoniously combined the ideas of Italian Futurism with the stylistics of French Cubism and Orphism in his paintings. Moreover, it was he who theoretically substantiated the synthesis of these art movements. Bogomazov was a prominent cultural activist who reformed the country's system of art education. As a talented teacher, he taught for many years at various art schools, at the Institute of Plastic Arts (renamed in 1924 as the Kyiv Art Institute).The name of Alexander Bogomazov was removed from the history of art for more than 30 years due to the intensified struggle against formalism. People’s attention to his “arrested” paintings resumed only in the 1960s. The canvases of the outstanding avant-garde artist are exhibited at European and American galleries and museums.

A Romanian painter and sculptor of Jewish origin, the main representative of the vanguard of this country in the first half of the 20th century and during the post-war period. The artist made a significant part of his creative career in France. Although Victor Brauner, after his early post-impressionist and expressionist experiences, contributed to every avant-garde movement, much of his work fits into the concept of Surrealism.Active in the cultural life of his country, the artist tried to develop avant-garde movements - he founded the magazine “75 HP” in Bucharest, wrote the “Manifesto of Picto-Poetry,” and organized exhibitions of Dadaists and Surrealists. However, the threat of falling into the dungeons of the Nazis forced the artist to settle in France.Brauner was an active and influential member of the Surrealist association headed by Andre Breton; however, according to art expert, his art stood apart due to the artist’s unbridled imagination and, most importantly, his serious passion for esoteric ideas and the authentic art of different nationalities. This style made the artist original, especially after he lost his eye – the same one, which he depicted as knocked out in his self-portrait seven years before it happened in real.Victor Brauner was a participant in major surrealist exhibitions; in 1966 (in the year of his death), he was chosen to represent France at the Venice Biennale. He willed to make the inscription, "Painting is life, real life, my life" on the grave plate of the Montmartre cemetery.

Arshile Gorky (his real name was Vostanik Manoug Adoian) was an American artist of Armenian descent, an outstanding artist of the USA of the twentieth century. He was a vivid representative of Surrealism and one of the founders of Abstract Expressionism, a movement that affirmed the independence and uniqueness of American fine art in the world.Vostanik Manoug Adoian decided to change his name after immigrating to the United States, where he began a completely new life, leaving behind extreme poverty and deprivation. The greatest shock for the artist was the demise of his mother, who died of hunger in his arms in 1919. The influence of this event is noticeable in many works of the artist, especially in the portraits of his mother, the variations of which he created throughout his career.The life of Arshile Gorky, which ended in suicide, was full of tragedy, and his personality is surrounded by a halo of mystery and secrets. The artist himself preferred to distort the facts of his biography, creating various myths about his origin, childhood and student years. These incredible inventions, however, could not overshadow his outstanding achievements in painting. The work of Arshile Gorky is a unique phenomenon that is difficult to characterize as a manifestation of one of the existing styles. It is a transitional stage between classical painting and avant-garde and had a significant impact on the development of modern painting in the United States.

An outstanding Hungarian painter and graphic artist, publicist and art theorist. Janos Kmetti was the first Cubist in his country and an influential teacher that educated a whole generation of young artists. Studying at the world-famous Julian Academy in Paris, he adopted the most advanced artistic traditions of Europe and enriched the art of Hungary with new avant-garde movements and painting methods. The career of the artist is tightly connected with the literary and artistic association Tett (Action), headed by Lajos Kassák. Together with a few associates, he was one of the founders of the New Society of Artists and its vice chairman in 1924. Kmetty also took an active part in the life of the art colony of Nagybánya and Szentendre and showed his works at collective exhibitions of Hungarian avant-garde artists both at home and abroad. In 1949, the artist was awarded the National Kossuth Prize - the honorary state award of Hungary; his autobiographical and theoretical works are important sources of information for art historians.

A Ukrainian artist of Jewish origin, who lived and worked in Russia for a long time. He was a portrait master, graphic illustrator, sculptor and theatre artist. The prominent avant-garde artist was a founding member of Russian cubism, a member of such significant creative groups as The World of Art and The Union of Youth, one of the founders of the Jewish Society for the Promotion of Arts. He was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia in 1968.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist Alexander Osmerkin was a member of the “Jack of Diamonds” art group, many other associations and groups, worked as a professor of painting at several higher art educational institutions and headed a personal workshop. In the 1940s, he came under the definition of “formalist” and “propagandist of Western art”, was dismissed from the Academy. He was forbidden to execute orders, exhibit and sell his works. Accepting the merits and talent of the master, the graduates of his workshop held the exhibition “In Memory of the Teacher”. An art and memorial museum was opened in the city of Kropyvnytskyi, the homeland of the artist, in the mansion where Osmerkin’s childhood passed; one prize is awarded in his name.

An outstanding Spanish artist who worked in France for a long time and became a representative of the Paris school of painting. In contrast to her more famous Cubist compatriots Pablo Picasso and Juan Gris, Maria Gutierrez Blanchard, during her lifetime, mostly influenced the artistic renewal of Spanish fine art in the early twentieth century, as she worked at home, participated in national shows and worked as a teacher. The artist is considered a key figure of the Spanish avant-garde; her paintings are a valuable part of the collections of national museums and expositions in Europe.

A Polish artist and teacher, one of the brightest and most emotional representatives of Slavic Symbolism and one of the founders of Art Nouveau in his country. In Poland, the Museum of Contemporary Art named after Jacek Malczewski, the branch of which is located in Radom, the hometown of the artist, has been opened.

A French self-taught painter, one of the most famous representatives of naive art (primitivism). Having started a creative career after 40 years, the artist was eventually approved by all avant-garde movements. The development process of the art of the 20th century proved that, like many geniuses, great Henri Rousseau, nicknamed the Customs Officer, was way ahead of his era. Pictures of the artist are in the most significant museums of France, Russia, Great Britain, Germany, Czech Republic, Japan, Switzerland and the USA. The artist’s paintings are in the most significant museums of France, Russia, Great Britain, Germany, Czech Republic, Japan, Switzerland and the USA.

A Polish avant-garde artist of Jewish origin, who worked in France for most of his life and became a full-fledged representative of the Paris school of painting. The artist’s works are in the collections of the National Museum of Modern Art of Paris (Center J. Pompidou), the prestigious London Tate Modern Gallery and the Museum du Petit Palais (Geneva, Switzerland), the Art Gallery of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia) and other prestigious collections of fine art.

One of the largest Russian Symbolist artists, a painter and graphic artist. He created paintings in the genres of landscape, portrait, and subject scenes. He belonged to the Saratov school of painting, participated in the exhibitions "Scarlet Rose" and "Blue Rose", was a member of the Moscow Association of Artists and the Union of Russian Artists, and the French Society of Fine Arts. The Museum-Estate of V. Borisov-Musatov is a branch of the Art Museum named after A.N. Radishchev.

A Hungarian artist, leading teacher, a member and one of the leaders of the artists' colony in Nagybagni (now Baia Mare), founder of the art colony in Kecskemet, which has been working up to now. The main theme of his work was rural life.

A Hungarian Impressionist painter (considered the founder of Hungarian Impressionism, whose pioneer in Hungary was Pal Szinyei Merse), Post-Impressionist and Symbolist. One of the very first and leading representatives and teachers of the Nagybanya school which was founded by Simon Hollosy and functioned in the city of Nagybanya in Transylvania (another name is Baia Mare school). Successfully mastered the genre, including mythological and religious painting, the genre of "nude" and portrait, still life and landscape.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

An Outstanding Russian painter and theater artist, a graphic artist and art theorist, a teacher and writer. He was a member of the World of Art group, one of the co-founders of the Free Philosophical Association, a member of the Four Arts association. Participated in the Paris Salons, exhibitions "Golden Fleece", in the international "Baltic Exhibition" (Sweden), the society "Heat Color". Was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia. He devoted a lot of his efforts to the activity of a teacher, to developments in the theory of painting, and was engaged in the reorganization of the system of art education.

The largest Russian artist, painter and set designer.One of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, Aristarkh Lentulov is certified as a brave experimenter and a "sunny" artist in the history of fine art. He was a member of the Jack of Diamonds group and was one of the first to work at the junction of figurative and subjectless painting; he was the first to choose a colour as the orientation in painting. The organizer and chairman of the Society of Moscow Artists, a professor at several educational institutions.

An English artist and decorator, who worked mostly in the style of primitivism. John Christopher Wood's father was a general practitioner. The future artist studied at the Department of Architecture at Liverpool University. Christopher Wood lived a very short, but full of creativity life, working and exhibiting his works both in France and in England. Communicating in the bohemian artistic circles of Paris and London, Wood was the only English artist of his generation, who was accepted by the European cultural community and representatives of art. He was a member of the Society of British Artists "Seven and Five" and designed the scenery for Diaghilev's ballet "Romeo and Juliet". The peculiarity of the manner of the artist and the proximity to the avant-garde art movements in Europe make Christopher Wood one of the most interesting and significant English artists of the 1920s.

A Danish animal painter and, to a lesser extent, portrait painter and landscape painter. In other areas, he is known for his work in the etching technique, as an illustrator and as a master of wall painting.The family of Johannes belonged to the artistic environment. His mother was the sister of famous artist Johan. When he was a child, he met artists Hans Schmidt and Theodor Philipsen.Larsen stood at the origins of the new art of Denmark, preferring to work in the open air. One of the leaders of a significant and influential group, known as "The artists of Fyn Island" in the history of art. Received orders for monumental paintings of the royal Christiansborg Castle (reception hall, the ceiling of the library), frescoes for the celebration halls in the Odense municipality, the capital of Fyn Island. In the house of the artist, built according to his project, there is a state museum.

A Swiss painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of the European Art Nouveau.The artist was born into a poor family of a carpenter and a peasant woman, he was the eldest of six children. When Hodler was eight years old, he lost his father and two younger brothers. His mother Margaret married a widower with five children; her stepfather was an artist and designer and became the first teacher for Ferdinand – when he was nine years old, he was put to work, helping his stepfather draw simple signs. The boy continued his studies in the town of Thun, where his teacher was a local painter Ferdinand Sommer.Ferdinand Hodler is known as the author of the original artistic method - parallelism, which later became one of the main in the style of art nouveau. He created several monumental canvases and decorative panels adorning public buildings in Switzerland and Germany, thus making a significant contribution to historical painting. Hodler's art was a success among his colleagues; his works were admired by such great artists as Puvis de Chavannes and Gustav Klimt, as well as sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artist was a participant in the mystical Rosicrucian order and exhibited his paintings at the Symbolist Salon "Rose and Cross."

An outstanding Georgian painter, a monumentalist, graphic artist, illustrator, talented teacher, professor of the Academy of Arts of Georgia. He worked in the styles of Post-impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism and Primitivism.He was born in a fairly well-to-do family of a railway employee. The boy's mother soon began to notice his great ability to draw. Parents bought Lado a bicycle, and he traveled 20 km to Mtskheta to paint ancient churches there.The painter that lived in Paris a long time and became famous in Europe and America, became the embodiment of innovative trends in painting in his country. He was the first professional artist to depart from the gloomy palette characteristic of the Georgian fine arts. He worked in different modern styles, avoiding only non-figurative styles and is considered the continuer of the ideas of great Pirosmani. Lado Gudiashvili was a member of various creative communities, was awarded high state ranks and prizes (People's Artist, Hero of Labor, etc.)The creativity of Lado Gudiashvili differs in an incredible variety of genre and technique of performance: he wrote with oil, watercolor, gouache, worked in a mixed technique, performed wall painting, created graphic works of art. In the artist's heritage, there are portraits and landscapes, historical paintings and allegorical, mythological and even political works. The nature of the canvas is either epic, or philosophical, or lyrical. Probably, therefore, the master himself refrained from assessing his style, which, nevertheless, is easily recognized, because the motives of his work, especially the early ones, are almost exclusively Georgian.In the capital of Georgia, the house-museum of Gudiashvili was opened, one of the squares of Tbilisi was named after him. The artist's paintings continue to excite the viewer and remain in demand. For example, in 2013, the Sotheby's house sold painting "Temptation" for 1.2 million dollars.

A Russian artist, master of domestic genre and landscape, member of the Association of the Wanderers, one of the founders of the Union of Russian Artists and a talented teacher.The central place among the narrative paintings was the leitmotif of the young peasant woman (the so-called “Arkhipov peasant women in red”), as well as landscapes depicting the expanses of the central Russian zone and the north.

A Russian landscape painter, a co-owner (along with his brothers) of Danilovskaya Manufactory.Attending only private lessons (that is, not having received any systematic special art education), he mastered the techniques of the Impressionists, giving them both his attitude and his manner of performance. The artist brought to the landscapes a share of lyricism and inner warmth, causing the reciprocal wave of benevolence of the viewer. The national theme is attractive in Mescherin’s paintings: most of them present the artist’s low-key beauty of Central Russian nature, which he understood and loved, according to N. Nekrasov, an author of many essays about the artists, “like a of a tender and devoted son”.

Giovanni Segantini was an outstanding Italian and Swiss master of landscape, portrait and plot paintings, who praised the Alps and their inhabitants in his works.Giovanni was the son of a poor street vendor Agostino Segantini; he early orphaned. In his youth, the artist lived in Milan with his half-sister, who made sure that the 7-year-old boy was deprived of his Austrian citizenship. All his life he lived without citizenship and the passport of any country.When he was alive, his paintings were already exhibited in Paris and Amsterdam, Milan and Vienna, St. Petersburg and other major art centers in Europe. However, the painter himself could not travel together with his paintings and could not study those masters whom he heard much about, because he never managed to obtain any citizenship and passport in his entire life.

An Outstanding English artist, portraitist, bright representative of British Post-impressionism.Harold John Wilde Gilman, was born into the family of the rector of Kent University. After graduating from the college and studying at Oxford, he worked in Ukraine (Odessa) as a teacher in the family of a British diplomat.Harold Gilman is known as one of the creators of the Camden Town group. It was a fairly influential association of English artists and innovators who gathered in the art studio of Walter Sikkert from 1911 to 1914 in the London area of ​​Camden and arranged exhibitions of modern art.In addition to portraiture, the artist created many landscapes. The most famous of them is "The bridge over the canal, Flekkefjord" (1913) created under the influence of the paintings of Van Gogh.

Jens Ferdinand Willumsen was a Danish Symbolist artist, most of whose career was in France.He was born into the family of an entrepreneur who lived and worked in Copenhagen.Jens Willumsen was close to the creative school of Pont-Aven, due to his acquaintance with Paul Gauguin and collaborated with the artists of the Nabi group, taking part in collective exhibitions. He was one of the organizers of the "Free Exhibition" in Copenhagen, which united avant-garde artists of Denmark and was the architect of the exhibition pavilion of the group. Willumsen worked as a painter, graphic artist, engraver, ceramist, sculptor, architect and photographer. He used almost all available art tools and boldly experimented with the form, color and material in his works.

An American artist and designer, the most famous representative of Art Nouveau in the United States.He was the eldest son of Harriet and Charles Lewis Tiffany, a famous jeweler, the founder of his own company. He grew up surrounded by beautiful exquisite things and luxury, but was not interested in the family business. Attended school at the Military Academy of Pennsylvania.Louis Comfort Tiffany was famous for the invention of a special stained glass technique, which consists of various pieces of colored glass joined together by means of copper foil. This method, as well as new types of glass created by him, revolutionized the decorative art of the late nineteenth century. The technique of Tiffany has become the most common for the creation of stained glass, lampshades and other works of decorative and applied art from colored glass all over the world. The style of modern, in which the designer worked, in the US and other countries of America, is called "Tiffany", after the name of its discoverer.The works of Louis Tiffany to this day are very popular and of great value for collectors of works of Art Nouveau.

Martiros Sergeevich (Sarkisovich) Saryan was a Russian and Armenian landscape painter, graphic artist and theater artist.He was born into an Armenian patriarchal family. In 1897-1904, he passed a course at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.An active participant in the exhibitions of “Blue rose”, The Union of Russian artists, “The World of art”, the magazine “Gold Fleece", the association "Four Arts". The founder of the Academy of Arts in Armenia had a title of academician, People’s Artist of the USSR, Hero of social labor, was awarded state prizes. The creativity and activity of M. S. Saryan played a leading role in the formation of the national Armenian school of painting. The House-Museum of Martiros Saryan was opened in Yerevan.“Nature creates a man, in order to look at itself with its eyes, to enjoy its amazing beauty,” - said the artist about creativity.

An English artist, an active member of the art group "New School".Percy Robert Craft was born into a wealthy family, received a good home education. In the 1870s, he studied painting at the Hetarli Art School and at the London School of Arts Slade.He directed the Newlyn Artists' Dramatic Society in Newlyn Artists, assisted Thomas Gotch in organizing the Newlyn Industrial Classes (classes of applied arts), where local teenagers were invited for training. He was the organizer and constant participant of expositions at the London Royal Academy of Arts, as well as at the newly formed Royal British Colonial Society of Artists.

Russian artist, restorer and teacher Nikolai Gushin received recognition as an author of landscapes, still lifes and plot compositions, draftsman.He was born into a poor family of a village teacher in the village of Taloklyuchinsky Vyatka province. He spent his childhood and youth in provincial Perm’, where the family had moved. In 1908-1910, simultaneously with studying at the Bekhterevsky Psychoneurological Institute (general education department, St. Petersburg), Gushin was a student of Ya. S. Goldblatt, visited his preparatory classes of painting and drawing.Not betraying his style of the symbolism of images, he painted ordered portraits, which were liked by the public and willingly bought by art collectors. The artist participated in the Paris Salons, exhibited his paintings at the Royal Academy of London, in the cities of Germany and the United States. An active organizer of the art school in Saratov and the first creative association of the Prikamye "Union of Free Artists". Gushin’s works are exhibited at the city museums of Paris and Grenoble, Monte Carlo and Nice, but the largest collection belongs to the Saratov Art Museum.

An English Post-impressionist artist, one of the most significant representatives of the second wave of the art colony "Newlyn School".Samuel was born into a poor family, was the eldest son of ten children. Soon the family moved to Manchester. A twelve-year-old teenager went to work at the mill. However, his artistic talent was soon revealed.Known as the organizer of the colony "Lamorm", which became the successor to the school of Newlyn. In 1924, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Arts, and then a full member of the Academy (1932). Constantly participated in the exhibitions of the Royal Academy, where he showed over 200 canvases, as well as in the largest exhibitions of other galleries and museums in England and Europe. During his long creative career, Birch created several thousand paintings. Becoming a famous master, Birch responded to the requests of emerging artists and worked as a teacher, including in New Zealand.

A Ukrainian painter, innovator, graphic artist and talented teacher.Oleksa was born into the family of a forester, who worked at the estate of the aristocratic Polish family of Brzozowski. Count Tadeusz Grokholsky, the brother-in-law of the landowner, noticed the gifted guy and advised his sister to allocate Novakivsky scholarship and thus ensure his education.The work of the artist covers different genres: landscapes and portraits, still-lifes and plot pictures. Novakivsky created the first in Western Ukraine Art School of a new type headed the Faculty of Art of the Lviv Secret Ukrainian University. UNESCO declared 1972 a year of the artist’s memory; in the same year, the art and memorial museum of O. Novakivsky was opened in Lviv, in the house where he lived and worked for more than 20 years.

A British Post-Impressionist artist, participant and first chairman of the London group Camden Town, which brought together leading avant-garde artists and had a huge impact on the development of the fine arts of Great Britain.Spencer was the fourth child of Spencer William Gore, the landowner and winner of the first Tennis Championship at Wimbledon in 1877.Spencer Gore participated in almost all art associations in London at the beginning of the twentieth century, actively promoting avant-garde creativity among fellow painters and youth. Showing outstanding diplomacy, Gore assembled in 1913 a fragmented art group for an exhibition of works by the British Post-Impressionists, Cubists and other contemporary artists. He was a member of other artistic associations, such as "Fitzroy Street" and "New English Art Club", and also wrote a number of journalistic articles on fine art.

A Russian and Soviet painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, master of stage set and stage costume.He was born into a family of Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky, a hereditary nobleman, a writer, translator and publisher. In the 1890's, he studied at the Kharkov Art School, visited the evening classes of the Imperial Stroganov School of Art and Industry. After that, he studied at the private academy of Julian in Paris.Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky was one of the founders and active participants of the art association "Knave of Diamonds" and its chairman from 1911. He was also a member of the progressive art associations "Union of Youth" (since 1911), "The World of Art" (with interruptions until 1922), "Genesis" (in 1926-1927). He was an academician and full member of the Academy of Arts of the country, a laureate of prestigious awards.

An American Post-impressionist painter of Swedish origin, Birger Sandzen is known as a talented landscape painter and graphic artist depicting the natural beauty of the American South-West.The father of the future artist was a priest, played the violin and wrote poetry; his mother studied drawing.In the creative heritage of the author, there are more than 30 thousand works made in the technique of oil painting, watercolors, lithographs, engravings and print. The artist was an active public figure: he organized the annual art exhibition of Midwestern art in Lindsborg and the Smokey Hill Art Club. He was a member of several influential art communities. The artist was awarded the prestigious Order of the Northern Star in his homeland and was an honorary doctor of the Midland Lutheran College, the University of Nebraska and Kanza State University. As a tribute to the contribution of Sandzen to the life of the Bethany College, founded by Swedish immigrants, the Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery was created at the school.

A Russian and Soviet artist, a teacher and a memoirist. He worked in such styles as Post-Impressionism and Rayonism. He worked in the genres of easel and monumental painting, as well as a graphic and book illustrator.Was born into the family of an inspector supervising homes for the orphans named after Empress Maria Fyodorovna. The mother of the future artist, Sophia Nensberg, a Swedish woman, was fond of drawing and became the first teacher of her son, though sometimes the drawings of her son outraged her.Romanovich was an active participant and even a "builder" of such groups as "Rayonists and Futurists", "Makovets", "Four Arts". The artist worked much as a teacher of drawing and painting in Voronezh and in Moscow. Talented essayist Romanovich wrote essays and sketches about famous artists-compatriots, such as N. Ge, M. Larionov, P. Bromirsky, P. Mituriche, as well as P. Picasso and Van Gogh.Paintings of the artist decorate theaters, pavilions, industrial buildings of major cities of the USSR. The artist's paintings are in the main museums in Russia and in many regional museums and galleries of the country.

A Norwegian Expressionist, graphic artist and illustrator. Nikolai Astrup was the founder of the Norwegian national landscape, who depicted the beauty of Western Norway in his own original and bright manner.The father of the future artist was a priest; he was appointed a vicar in the town of Yelster, where the whole family moved. Nikolai grew up in a picturesque area among mountains and forests; from childhood, he showed an interest in fine art. After graduating from high school in Trondheim, he returned home and began to teach reading and writing to his younger brothers and sisters. At this time, he began to draw a lot, although nowhere did he learn painting professionally. The artist's early works were mainly on religious themes.Having visited many European countries and trained in the best educational institutions in Paris, the artist retained deep affection and loyalty to his homeland. On his return home, he settled in the modest town of Yelster, where he lived his whole life, having a large family, farming and painting the views of nearby mountains, lakes and valleys. Despite the fact that after his death the artist's work was forgotten for some time, Nikolai Astrup is considered one of the greatest Norwegian artists of the early 1900s. His works are sold at prestigious auctions and are highly appreciated among collectors around the world.

A Greek Expressionist and graphic artist, one of the main reformers of Greek painting of the early 20th century.He was born into the family of famous painter Nikiforos Lytras. Since childhood, he demonstrated his ability for fine arts, painting under the guidance of his father. From 1902 to 1906, he studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts, where among his teachers was also George Yakovidis - a bright representative of the Munich School of Painting in Greece.Nikolaos Lytras was the son and pupil of famous academic artist Nikiforos Lytras. Despite the traditional views of his father, he not only worked in a progressive European style, but also promoted the spread of modern painting in his homeland. Together with his associates, he organized the art group "Association Art", which had an anti-academic orientation and brought fresh stream into the monotonous world of Greek painting. Being a professor at the Athens School of Fine Arts, Lytras conducted important reforms in the institution that gave impetus to the development of new painting in the country and had a great influence on the generation of young artists of Greece, starting in the 1930s.

An outstanding Ukrainian painter, public figure, one of the brightest figures of the fine art of the 20th century in Ukraine.The future artist was born into the family of an accountant. At the age of 17, he graduated from the commercial school in the town of Yuzovka (now Donetsk) and was soon drafted into the army of Denikin.Glushenko was a laureate of the State Prize of Shevchenko, had the title of the People's Artist of the USSR. From the artistic heritage, which according to various data is from 10 to 17 thousand works, the National Art Museum of Ukraine and the Dnepropetrovsk Art Museum own the largest collections. In 2017, in Sednev near Chernigov, the opening of a monument to the outstanding Ukrainian painter took place. As a teacher, Glushenko worked at the Kiev Art School; from 1939, he was a professor at the Moscow Art Institute. Living abroad, he was a scout; before the outbreak of World War II, he sent home a lot of useful information, which is documented in the relevant reports and the official characteristics of agent Janek (Glushenko).

Thomas Cooper Gotch was an English artist, a prominent representative of the first wave of a famous creative colony - the Newlin School of painting.Born into a Victorian well-to-do family of a middle class, was the fourth son. His family members were engaged in the production and sale of shoes, and Thomas worked for some time in the shoe store after school.He was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Arts, became the organizer of the School of Applied Arts (Newlin Industrial Classes), which trained teenagers from the surrounding villages, a founding member of the Royal British Colonial Society of Artists, and also participated in the creation of the New English Art Club. Apart from the plot paintings, he created portraits, which brought the greatest income, and landscapes, illustrated books.

An Austrian artist who worked in the style of Expressionism.He was born into a well-to-do Jewish family. The father of the artist was a rich businessman of Hungarian origin; his mother was a Czech-German Catholic. Richard did not study well at school; was expelled from the prestigious institution in Vienna, with the record "disciplinary difficulties» in his characteristic. The wealthy parents even hired private teachers for the young man.Richard Gerstl was known for his unique portraits revealing the essence of the human soul and based on the teachings of Freud. The artist was a rebel and freethinker; his work was not properly assessed among his contemporaries. Gerstl lived only 25 years, though in his short life managed to make an invaluable contribution to the development of European Expressionism. His psychological painting served as the basis for the German branch of this movement, the brightest representative of which is Oskar Kokoshka.

A Russian Symbolist painter and graphic artist, theater artist and decorator.Sergey was born into the family of a lieutenant colonel who served in the Gendarmerie Separate Corps. In 1897–1909, he studied (with a break in 1902 due to temporary exclusion because of the presentation of his works of frivolous content at the student exhibition) at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; was a student of A. Arkhipov, A. Stepanov, A. Vasnetsov, N. Kasatkina, L. Pasternak.He was one of the organizers of the Blue Rose group, as well as a founding member of the revived “World of Art”, a member and designer of the literary cabaret “Stray Dog”, a participant in the expositions “Wreath” and “Wreath-Stefanos”, movements that played a significant role in the history Russian art. S. Sudeikin published his graphic works in the magazines "Libra", "Apollo", "Golden Fleece", "Satyricon" and "New Satyricon".

A Romanian Impressionist (landscape, portrait, still-life) and a master of monumental paintings, the creator of the Romanian school of painting of the early 20th century.Born into the family of major Dumitru Luchian, who lived after resigning in the Botosani district, Stefanesti village.S. Luchian became one of the initiators of the Ileana Society of the dissemination of artistic taste in Romania and was an active participant of it. At the same time, the society published a magazine with the same name, for which the artist wrote articles on art criticism. S. Luchian received a high award - the Medalia Bene Merenti medal of the 1st class (1909).In 1981, a feature film was made about the life of S. Luchian.

Hungarian avant-garde artist, who lived and worked in France for many years and became a part of the Paris School of Painting.He began his creative career as a realist, close to naturalism. He was born into the family of the owner of the famous cafe "Balaton". At the age of 11, he became deaf because of meningitis and was forced to abandon his studies at the gymnasium, graduating only after 4 classes. He inherited his artistic talent from his mother. He studied at the Székesfehérvár Industrial School of L. Telegdi and J. Böhm (1903-1905) and in private schools. Later, studying objectivity tension and applying a variety of innovative techniques, he came to more thematically emotional painting, the form of which was more vanguard. In his motherland, he was a member of such progressive associations of masters of fine arts as HIRC (Hungarian Impressionists and Naturalists Circle) and "Nyolcak" ("The Eight"). In Paris, Lajos Tihanyi was one of the representatives of the international group "Abstraction-Création", which actively worked between 1931 and 1936. Paintings exhibited not only in Budapest, but also in Europe (Vienna, Berlin, Paris) and the United States. They are now in several museums and galleries around the world.

Walter Richard Sickert was an English artist and graphic artist, the main representative of a rather long for this country transition period from traditional painting to Impressionism, Art Nouveau and other innovative movements in the visual arts.Born into a Danish-Irish family. His father Oswald Sickert and his grandfather were professional artists.Walter created several paintings, which depict a famous serial killer called Jack the Ripper. Some researchers even suspected that the artist and the dangerous criminal are one person. However, these assumptions were not confirmed.Sickert initiated the creation of such groups of progressive artists as “Fitzroy Street” (1907), “Camden Town” (1911), within its framework “London” (1913). He was a full member of the Royal Academy of Arts, was elected the president of the Royal Society of British Artists.

Polish artist, outstanding painter and graphic artist Wojciech Weis is one of the key figures of Polish modernism. Wojciech began to study as an artist in Lviv. Then he attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at first as a free listener. Artist recognized and appreciated during his lifetime; he was a member of the Vienna Secession and the Society of Polish Artists, the professor and rector of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. The master had a huge influence on the development of Polish culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite all the titles and awards, Wojciech Weiss was in constant creative search, experimenting with a variety of techniques and trends in painting. The artist enriched Polish art with the latest European tendencies and contributed to the cultural rise of the country, which was called "Young Poland". The museum of the artist is opened in Krakow.

A German innovative artist, a prominent representative of the colony of Worpswede artists, a wife of famous painter Otto Modernsohn.Born into a cultural and intellectual family. Paula was the third of seven children; since childhood, she painted and played music together with her brothers and sisters. In 1888, the Becker family moved from Dresden to Bremen, where her father received the position of an architect.Paula Modersohn-Bekker was one of the first Expressionists, who was unrecognized during her lifetime, but over time became a famous representative of European visual art. While living in Paris, she communicated with the most advanced artists and sculptors, was in close friendship with R. Rilke and members of the Nabi group. Her paintings reflect a deep understanding of contemporary artist trends in art, but at the same time reflect her rich inner world. Despite the fact that Paula Moderzon-Becker died young and sold only a few works during her entire creative career, she is considered one of the most important contemporary German artists - the direct predecessor of German Expressionism.

A Brazilian artist, one of the leaders of Brazilian avant-garde painting.She was the second daughter of an Italian engineer and American B. Krug, an art teacher who initiated the artistic and cultural education of her youngest daughter. The future artist was born with atrophy of the right hand. Three-year-old Anita was sent to Lucca (Italy) to correct the defect, but to no avail. The girl learned to draw with her left hand under the guidance of American teacher Marcia Brown.The exhibition of 53 paintings by the artist in 1917 is the first in the history of the fine arts of this country, where works in the style of expressionism with elements of cubism and other latest trends were presented. She was the organizer of the landmark festival "Week of Art", a member of the progressive art group "Five".

An English artist and designer. She was a member of the creative group "Bloomsbury", the participants of which were British intellectuals, talented painters and poets.Vanessa Bell, maiden name Vanessa Stephen, was born into a creative family. The artist's father was a famous historian, literary critic, theologian and climber Leslie Stephen, who gave his daughter an initial art education. The sister of the artist was famous writer Virginia Woolf.Vanessa Bell was among the first artists who dared to break the barrier between Britain and the mainland. She not only boldly used the methods of Post-impressionism and Art Nouveau in her work, but also actively developed avant-garde movements in England.

A pointillist, graphic artist and sculptor. A bright representative of the Belgian painting of the late XIX century.Was born into a wealthy family. His elder brother, Octave van Rysselberghe, was a famous architect.Theo van Rysselberghe was a key figure in the development of avant-garde trends in Belgium and in maintaining cultural connections with France. He was one of the founders of the group "Les XX" ("Twenty"), which united innovators, who protested against outdated Academicism of that time and the limitations of art standards. Among the most prominent members of the association, there were James Ensor, Willie Finch, Fernand Knopff, and soon both Auguste Rodin and Paul Signac.The artistic heritage of Theo van Rysselberghe is extremely diverse. Among his works, you can find exotic paintings depicting the inhabitants of Morocco, numerous portraits, landscapes with sailboats and nude women.

An English Post-impressionist painter, who was one of the founders of the painters' colony of the Newlyn school in the port city of Cornwall.Walter was born into a poor family. At first, he studied at lithographer.He painted mostly narrative paintings from the ordinary life of the common people and genre portraits. Walter Langley was a member of two official societies in England - the Royal Artistic society and the Royal Aquarelle Artists. In 1895, the Uffizi Gallery (Florence), as a sign of merit, bestowed the artist special attention, ordering him a self-portrait for the Medici collection.

An English artist and innovator, animal painter and landscape painter, draftsman and master of lithography.Robert was born into the large Quaker family of rich banker Richard Alexander Bevan and Laura Maria Polhill, who lived in East Sussex (the town of Hove near Brighton).He was one of the most active members of several progressive associations of artists in Britain - Kemden Town group, renamed the London Group (the London Group), the association "Fitzroy-Street." He founded the Cumberland Market group and was elected a member of the New English Art Club (NEAC).The first large memorial exhibition of Robert Bevan was held in 1926, then several more times. Children, who received an inheritance in equal parts, presented part of the parents' works to the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology, Oxford, Great Britain.

A Dutch painter, a bright representative of Post-impressionism.The artist was born and raised in the wealthy Jewish family of an entrepreneur.Being a close friend and follower of Paul Gauguin, Meijer de Haan played an important role in the development of Synthetism not only in his homeland. Despite the great influence of Gauguin, he found his own style in painting and created rather distinctive portraits, still lifes and decorative works. The artist's creative life turned out to be rather short; after refusing to travel with Gauguin to Tahiti, he practically stopped painting and ended his life in obscurity. Only a few dozen works of the painter have survived; they are mainly stored in private collections.It is still unknown why the gifted artist, passionate about painting, did not continue his career. Perhaps the decision of de Haan was influenced by the departure of Gauguin to Tahiti, or Theo Van Gogh’s early death, or perhaps it was the pressure from relatives who stopped sending him money; after 1891 the artist did not create a single canvas. He returned to the Netherlands, where he died in obscurity, leaving behind only a few dozen extraordinary and certainly talented canvases.

A Polish painter, graphic artist, author of stained glass windows and mosaics, designer of fabrics, interiors and furniture, theater decorator, poster master, the leading art representative of “Mloda Polska” (“Young Poland”).Jozef Mehoffer is one of the founders of the community of Polish artists “Art”, which popularized modern avant-garde painting in the country. Mehoffer gained international fame thanks to the creation of stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Freiburg (Switzerland). In addition, the artist was a talented teacher. He was a professor, and later was a rector of the Krakow Academy of Arts; among the students of Mehoffer, there were many famous artists.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist and illustrator. A participant of the famous Bergen school. Along with Piet Mondrian and Ian Torop, the artist worked in a variety of styles, from Impressionism to Cubism and Expressionism, in which he showed himself most vividly.Leendert was born into a large family. His father and uncle were professional artists and gave the boy an initial art education.Leendert (Leo) Gestel was among the leading artists of Dutch Modernism, who did a lot to promote the advanced art trends in the country. He took part in the first exhibition of “The Circle of Contemporary Art" - an association of artists focused on avant-garde trends in painting, in particular, Cubism and Futurism. In addition to a large number of paintings and drawings, Leo Gestel was engaged in the creation of posters and the design of household items, illustrated a large number of books and magazines.Museum of Leo Gastel, which is now popular, was created in his house in Blaricum.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist and illustrator. A participant of the famous Bergen school. Along with Piet Mondrian and Ian Torop, the artist worked in a variety of styles, from Impressionism to Cubism and Expressionism, in which he showed himself most vividly.Leendert was born into a large family. His father and uncle were professional artists and gave the boy an initial art education.Leendert (Leo) Gestel was among the leading artists of Dutch Modernism, who did a lot to promote the advanced art trends in the country. He took part in the first exhibition of “The Circle of Contemporary Art" - an association of artists focused on avant-garde trends in painting, in particular, Cubism and Futurism. In addition to a large number of paintings and drawings, Leo Gestel was engaged in the creation of posters and the design of household items, illustrated a large number of books and magazines.Museum of Leo Gastel, which is now popular, was created in his house in Blaricum.

An Austrian artist-decorator, painter, illustrator and poster artist.He was born into the family of Josef Moser, a teacher and director of the gymnasium. After graduation, Koloman learned to paint at the trade school in Widen.Koloman Moser is the most important figure of Austrian Art Nouveau (Jugendstil), a founding member of the Vienna Secession and the organizer of the famous "Vienna workshops", where the artistic design of household items was massively performed. Together with Gustav Klimt K. Moser drew illustrations for "Sacred Spring", the leading art magazine of Austria, and created several posters of the Vienna Secession exhibitions. The artist made a large number of sketches for the decoration of jewelries, lamps, textiles and dishes. He was a trendsetter in the interior, especially furniture design, which was in great demand among the admirers of Art Nouveau. Stained-glass window by Koloman Moser is depicted on the commemorative coin of 100 euros, issued in 2005.One of the artist's greatest achievements was the stained glass and murals of the Steinhoff Wagner church, which he made in 1904. After exiting from the Vienna Secession in 1905 and the "Vienna Workshops" in 1907, Moser began to pay much attention to paintings. In the author's creative heritage, there is a large number of landscapes, still lifes and portraits, painted in an energetic manner with bright, saturated colors, sometimes in unusual and bold combinations.

An English Post-impressionist artist, one of the major representatives and “leading figures” of the Newlyn School art group, a co-founder of the New English Art Club.Bramley received his education at the Lincoln School of Art and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. His teacher was a famous Belgian academic artist, Charles Verlat.The works of Frank Bramley were exhibited for almost 30 years (since 1884) at the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts and acquired by the best galleries in the UK.

A Famous French Neo-Impressionist, Pointillist, Symbolist.He worked in the genres of landscape, portrait and monumental painting. Although the works of Henri Martin as a Neo-impressionist are not considered to be fundamental ones, they were successful and deservedly entered the world classic painting. The master repeatedly won medals at the Paris and World exhibitions, was awarded the Grand Prix. In the town where the artist lived for several decades, there is the Henri Martin Museum; his paintings are presented at the exhibitions of art museums and galleries of not only many cities of France, but also in the USA (Chicago, New York), Japan, Germany, etc.

An Italian painter, sculptor, talented restorer and poet, who worked in America (New York) for some time.Dossena was born in the small village of Lodigiano in the Italian commune of Kevenego d'Adde, Lombardy. The boy was 12, when the father of a large and mostly minor family died. Together with the eldest 14-year-old brother, Giuseppe took care of his younger brothers and sisters. Only when they all got families, he was able to get married and do visual arts.The artist made a significant contribution to the development of such Italian art movements as Neo-impressionism and Expressionism. He was successful and recognized during his life, a member of several academies and creative associations, was awarded the prestigious awards of Italy and the United States in the field of art and literature.

Finnish and Swedish painter, graphic artist, master of monumental painting, one of the first Finnish Symbolists.He was born into a priest's family and was the youngest of six sons. He received his art education in Paris.Magnus Enckell was an extremely versatile artist. He went from complete lack of understanding and rejection to universal admiration and glory, and his creative manner underwent drastic changes. He not only proved himself in international art, but was able to establish artistic relations with France, which was very important for the formation of Finnish national painting. He was an active artist: organized exhibitions of Finnish painting in Berlin and Paris, as well as the exhibitions of French and Belgian art in Helsinki; became the leader of the famous group "Symbolist Septem", which he founded with V. Thome and E. Tesleff. Creativity of the artist played a big role in the development of the Finnish avant-garde trends of the early twentieth century.The most large-scale work of the artist is the decoration of St. John's Cathedral in Temper. Enckell's frescoes depicting the resurrection from the dead and ascension to heaven are more than 10 meters wide and 4 meters high.

A German impressionist painter, one of the leading figures of art in Germany at the turn of the ХІХ and ХХ centuries.The artist's parents kept a farm and a leather workshop. In the years 1866-1873, he studied at the Kneiphof Grammar School in Konigsberg, living with his aunt. Lovis Corinth worked in the style of "German impressionism", subsequently reached the heights of Expressionism. The artist’s early works were created in the most naturalistic manner.He was a member of the Berlin Secession, later replaced Max Lieberman as a chairman. L. Corinth participated in social activities; his paintings were popular and best-selling. The work of the painter is a synthesis of Impressionism and Expressionism. Artist’s canvases were victims of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power, his paintings were declared “destructive”; they were confiscated from art salons and galleries; many talented works were destroyed.

Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp was a French and American artist, an art theorist, one of the founders of such art movements as Dadaism and Surrealism.Was born into a wealthy family. His mother, brothers and sister were engaged in painting, and Marcel grew up in a creative atmosphere, which contributed to the early manifestation of his talent. Following the older brothers, he began to paint in the style of impressionism, presenting quite interesting works from the age of 14.Marcel Duchamp, despite a small number of his works, was one of the most influential figures of fine art after the First World War, a genius and a rebel, who pushed the scope of painting beyond what was permitted. The artist was the author of the "ready-made" method, being the first to use the idea of ​​creating art objects from the most common objects, such as a bicycle wheel and even a urinal. The unusual and sometimes shocking creativity of Duchamp has opened wide opportunities for the further development of avant-garde art all over the world.At the end of his career, the artist departed from painting, preferring to use already finished objects for his works, which he called "ready-made", or creating voluminous collages. In addition to his artistic creativity, Marcel Duchamp starred in films, wrote articles and studied chess, in which he was a professional. Thanks to his versatile and unordinary talent, he left a bright mark in the art of the early twentieth century and laid the foundation for the emergence of completely new methods and trends in painting.

A French self-taught artist, who began to work as an amateur after 18 years.He was born into a well-to-do family. The first who drew Max Maufra's attention to painting classes were his fellow countrymen, Nantes artists Charles Le Roux and brothers Alfred and Charles Leduc, who taught the boy the basics of painting.Most of his works are marines, including plot, fewer are landscapes, with urban or rural architecture in particular. He participated in many Parisian exhibitions, was awarded an honorary officer's title of "Fleet Artist". Impressionist paintings are included in the number of exhibits of the world's largest museums.

An American painter, a talented aquarellist, one of the first artists in the United States, who began to use separate areas of color characteristic of Post-impressionism in his painting.He was born into the family of a merchant. In 1868, the family moved to Boston, where the artist's childhood passed.Maurice Prendergast spent his life in constant travels between Europe and America, each time bringing new trends in painting and meeting new people in Paris. He was the first American to comprehend the importance of creativity of Paul Cézanne for the development of world art and put many efforts to introduce his works to his compatriots. The artist was a member of the group of American artists "Eight", and participated with them in the famous exhibition "Armory Show" in 1913. The seven watercolors that were shown there presented Prendergast as the central figure in American painting, probably the greatest of his generation.

An Israeli and Romanian artist and architect, publisher and writer, a significant figure in the world avant-garde of the 20th century.He was born into a Jewish family. While studying at a secondary school, he also took private piano lessons and individual painting lessons from Romanian Expressionist Joseph Izer.He was a theorist of Dadaism and one of the leading exhibitors of constructivism in Easter Europe, as well as a founding member of several creative and innovative associations of artists in Romania and Israel. Marcel Janko became an organizer and designer of the village of painters and sculptors in Ein Hod near Haifa (Israel), where the Yanko-Dada Museum and studios are now actively working. He is a laureate of several prestigious awards in his historical motherland.

A successful French Post-impressionist painter, who created, apart from landscapes and still lifes, many nudes and portraits.Suzanne (her real name was Marie-Clementine Valadon) was born into the family of a single laundress. She painted well from childhood.Suzanne Valadon was the first woman that became a member of the National Union of the Artists of France. She was also a famous model and the mother of artist Maurice Utrillo. Works of Suzanne Valadon were purchased by the best museums around the world.

The biggest representative of Post-impressionism and partially Symbolism; however, his early works were created in the style of impressionism. He is considered the forerunner and one of the pioneers of the art of modernism (in the broad sense of this term) not only in painting, but also in sculpture and graphics.Gauguin began painting as an amateur in the 1870s. Soon he actively participated in exhibitions. He became worldly famous only after his demise. And at the end of the 20th century, biographical films about his life were created.

A French painter, portraitist, graphic artist and sculptor, a founder of the first modernist movement - Impressionism (along with Claude Monet, Frédéric Bazille, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro). He is deservedly considered the author of a sentimental portrait.

A Belgian Neo-impressionist, a member of "the society of Les XX” – the group of artists, designers and sculptors, whose goal was the development of new trends in art.He was born into the family of an architect in Scharbeck, near Brussels. Parents gave Georges Lemman an initial art education at the drawing school.The technique of pointillism was the closest to the artist; in this style Georges Lemmen worked during his greatest artistic period, leaving a beautiful artistic heritage and influencing the development of this art movement not only in Belgium.Thanks to the activities of “the society of Les XX”, Brussels at the end of the XIX century turned into one of the world centers of modern art. Georges Lemmen is known more as a Neo-impressionist, but also made a significant contribution to the development of the Belgian Art Nouveau. He created a large number of book illustrations, posters, graphic works, ceramics, textiles and interior items in this style.

French painter, a bright representative of the new art, which influenced the emergence and development of such a modernist trend as Cubism. Cezanne is also called the primitive artist in the new painting.The future artist was born in a well-to-do family of a pawnbroker, and then a big banker, Louis Auguste Cezanne. In his youth, Paul was interested in art and literature. He received a good education, excelling in exact sciences and languages. Thanks to the excellent memory, he could memorize whole works of the classics.During his life, Cezanne created over 800 oil paintings, as well as a number of watercolor works. Some of them were destroyed by the artist himself.

A French painter, graphic artist and designer, who entered the history of fine art as one of the brightest colorists of the late 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries.The artist was born into the family of a high-ranking official. Received a legal education, on which his parents insisted. Then he received an art education.Bonnard belongs to the second generation of French Impressionists. Together with J. Vuillard, P. Serusier and M. Denis, Bonnard organized the famous group of artists named "Nabis", whose members, admiring the art of Japanese engraving, sought to simplify painting, working with planes of pure color and avoiding the randomness inherent in the first wave of Impressionism. At the end of his life, Pierre Bonnard departed from the fundamental principles of "Nabis" and turned to more saturated color combinations, creating exquisite colorful compositions. The artist painted landscapes, still lifes, interiors in an easy impressionistic manner.

French painter, graphic artist and designer, a vivid representative of Fauvism and Cubism. Raul was born into a large family. His father and brothers were fond of music and theater. The artist is known for his light and joyful canvases depicting rest and holidays. In addition to painting, Raoul Dufy was engaged in illustrations and graphics and showed himself as a talented designer of fabrics, which was very popular and dictated fashion to all of Paris. The artist was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor, his solo exhibitions were held in Paris, Prague, Zurich, Brussels, New York. He received many large orders, including a huge wall painting devoted to the history of the emergence of electricity for the Paris International Exhibition of 1937.

A French painter and art theorist, a pioneer of European abstract painting.He was born into the family of a railway engineer. Soon his parents divorced; his relatives on the maternal line brought up the boy. Noticing Robert's penchant for fine art, his uncle sent him to study at the art studio of Roncin, where he learned to create theatrical scenery and stage design.Robert Delaunay was one of the brightest Cubist artists, a member of the "Golden Section" group, who influenced many of his colleagues. In collaboration with his wife, Sonya Delaunay, he developed his own version of Cubism, based on the scientific color theory of chemist E. Chevreuil, which was called "Orphism" by critic G. Apollinaire. Delaunay was always at the very center of the avant-garde art movements in Paris, was close to the participants of the Munich group "Der Blaue Reiter", participated in their joint exhibition in 1911. The master created costumes for Diaghilev's ballet designed one of the pavilions at the world exhibition in Paris in 1937. The many-sided and bright creativity of the artist, permeated with dynamics and modern pace of life, attests to his high skill and outstanding talent.

A French artist, graphic artist and designer. Representative of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, one of the founders of the group of artists "Nabis" (French "Nabis", from Hebrew "The Prophets").The works of Vuillard are referred to the genre of "intimism" for the striving for the poetization of everyday life. Paintings of Vuillard, covering not so many themes, differs in harmony and original tonal decision, which makes it quite recognizable even among other "nabists". The artist is famous not only for his paintings, but also for interesting monumental compositions. His frescoes can be seen in the foyer of the theater of the Champs Elysees, in the Palais de Chaillot and the Palace of Nations in Geneva.

Jan (Johannes) Sluijters, was a Dutch artist an illustrator, poster master, a vivid representative of Expressionism.His father was an illustrator and engraver and developed the artistic talent of the boy from early childhood. At the age of fourteen, the artist moved with his parents and sister to Amsterdam, the city in which he spent most of his life.Johannes Sluijters was the pioneer of the Dutch avant-garde in general. Being at first rejected by conservative critics, but then winning a famous reputation among the public, in 1910, he together with Jan Toorop and other like-minded people founded a group of contemporary art that promoted avant-garde trends and opposed traditional academic canons in painting. Sluijters was also a member of the Association of Artists of The Hague and Amsterdam and was a member of the St. Lucas Society of Artists. Having received recognition in the second half of his career, the artist participated in many exhibitions throughout Europe and was a member of the jury of various competitions.

Felix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss and French artist and graphic artist, illustrator and master of engraving, who joined the Nabis group (translated from the Hebrew "Prophets") when the groups work was in full bloom.He was born in Swiss Lausanne into the family of notary Protestant Arman Adrien Vallotton and Louise Roseng, the daughter of a baker.Wood engravings (woodcut) in the masterful performance of Vallotton were very widely known. A diversely gifted artist worked in the genres of landscape and still life, interior and portrait, created a series of "nu", close in style to Art Nouveau, and also wrote several novels and plays.In 1927, in the homeland of the artist (during his lifetime, he was not much appreciated there), large commemorative exhibitions were held (Lausanne, Bern), and, in the exposition of 1938 in Zurich, the organizers presented almost 350 works by an outstanding master.

An outstanding French artist, Neo- and Post-impressionist, a master of landscape painting.Gustave was born into the family of a meat shop owner. As a child, he received his first lessons from his family friend who was a decorator. He helped him master the traditional methods of drawing and composition.G. Loiseau used and developed several innovative techniques at once, combining them in his own original style. He brought a more gentle touch to the depicted nature into Post-impressionism, which makes his work unique.

A Polish painter, illustrator and caricaturist, who worked in France.Ludwig Marcus, who changed his name to Louis Marcoussis at the suggestion of his friend Apollinaire, belonged to the group of the first Abstract artists of Europe.Louis Marcoussis was close to Puteaux, the creative group of artists and poets, and participated in the first exhibition of Cubists named "Golden Section" in 1912. In addition to painting, the artist showed himself as a talented illustrator, cooperating with many Polish and French periodicals, and having illustrated the books of his friends - poets Guillaume Apollinaire and Tristan Tzara. In the 30s, Marcoussis taught engraving at the Modernist Academy in Paris, and spent several years in the US, where he had a significant influence on the development of European modernist trends. The work of Louis Marcoussis is a vivid example of the Parisian Avant-garde art of the first half of the 20th century.

A Post-impressionist artist, the creator of the original painting method called "divisionism", or "pointillism", the founder of Neo-impressionism.Georges was born in the family of a bailiff. He began to paint from early childhood. Visited art schools, but preferred to study by himself.The style and scientific concept of Georges-Pierre Seurat became an artistic revolution that has breathed life into Impressionism, which had already begun to lose its popularity. One decade was enough for Seurat to remain a synonym for innovation in the history of art, and also a synonym for self-denial in the name of the idea. Becoming a logical continuation of Impressionism, the non-standard technique created by him revealed a new branch of modernist trends - Neo-impressionism.

A French artist, one of the founders and theoreticians of the Nabi group (from Hebrew "The Prophets").Was born into the family of a railway employee and a milliner. Soon the family moved to Saint-Germain-en-Laye near Paris. The future artist studied at the Lycee Condorcet.In accordance with the ideas of this art movement, Denis created canvases, distinguished by the simplicity of forms, the softness of lines and rhythm. The artist aspired to the revival of religious art; many of his paintings are filled with Christian meaning and themes. Maurice Denis was engaged in applied art, painted walls, created stained-glass windows, often worked with graphics and book illustrations. He outlined his understanding of art in several works, such as The Theories, The New Theories, and The History of Religious Art. His writings had a significant impact on young artists of subsequent decades.

An outstanding German painter, the founder of Expressionism.Born into the family of professional landscape painter Wilhelm Marc. His mother, a strict Calvinist, was from the French Switzerland - it was her, rather severe upbringing that made the boy serious and thoughtful.The Expressionist movement became so famous because of its interest in the spirituality of the Symbolists, and also due to the harmonious combination of Primitivism, Fauvism and the vector into the flourishing abstraction. Franz Mark included all these styles in his painting style, adding love to theology and to the animal world. To create an alternative, more spiritual vision of the world, he depicted it through the view of animals that emphasized those aspects of modernity that he considered unfavorable. It is also important that his later works moved into almost pure abstraction.He was an active participant and the main organizer of the Munich Artistic Union of artists-innovators "Blue Horseman", created the almanac of the same name. A number of world avant-garde movements of the 20th century considered the work of this artist, who died on the fronts of the First World War, their predecessor. The museum of Franz Marc works in the Bavarian Kochel am See.

A French artist, one of the most powerful colorists of avant-garde painting.Born into a bourgeois family. Soon his father died, and his mother brought up Henri and his sister alone.Henri Manguin was a member of the group of the Fauves, headed by Henri Matisse and was a close friend of pointillist Paul Signac. He participated in many exhibitions of contemporary art, including the famous Autumn salon in 1905, where Fauves first announced themselves with the help of bright colors and expressive emotions of their paintings. The artist was engaged in teaching, as the head of the painting department at the Ranson Academy. Once in the city of Saint-Tropez, Manguin fell in love with the southern nature forever, its lush colors and sunny atmosphere, he even left Paris to settle there.

Henri Edmond Cross (Henri Edmond Delacroix) was a French painter and graphic artist, a brilliant representative of Neo-impressionism, a talented watercolorist and marine painter.The artist’s childhood passed in the city of Lille. The talent of Henri Delacroix manifested itself very early; so, his relatives sent him to learn painting from famous artist Carolus-Durand.Together with J. Seurat and P. Signac, Henri Cross founded the Independent Society in Paris - an association of artists whose works were not accepted by the jury of the official Art Salon and who exhibited their paintings separately. Later the painter was elected as a Vice President. The work of Cross, at first realistic, is transformed into a brighter, more colorful and full of light under the influence of Impressionism. Following the method of like-minded people Seurat and Signac, he completed it with individual features and his own subjects.

A French artist, art theorist and teacher. Henri Le Fauconnier was an active participant in the group of artists and poets "Puteaux", and later became one of the founders of the first Cubist association "Golden Section".He was born into a well-to-do bourgeois family. In 1901, young Le Fauconnier came to Paris to study law, but soon became interested in fine arts and studied painting at the studio of Jean-Paul Lawrence, and later studied at the famous Academy of Julian. From 1904, the artist participated in the exhibitions of the "Salon of Independent", presenting his impressionist works.He exhibited his works at the annual Autumn Salon and the Salon of Independent, including the famous exhibition of Cubists at the Gallery 41 in 1911. The artist maintained close ties with his German and Dutch colleagues, was a part of the organization "New Union of Munich Artists" and organized the famous Bergen School in the Netherlands, which contributed to the dissemination of abstract painting in these countries. From 1912, the artist headed the Academy of La Palette in Paris, where his students, among others, were Marc Chagall and Marcel Gromer. Henri Le Fauconnier often visited Russia, where he exhibited his paintings at the Salon Golden Fleece, Salon Izdebsky in Odessa and at the exhibitions of the Knave of Diamonds in Moscow.

Henri Jacques Edouard Evenepoel was a Belgian and French painter, engraver and draftsman.During his short creative career, Henri Evenepoel created the vast majority of works in a style that later was called Fauvism. Worked in the genre of portrait, including nude, created interiors, storyboards and posters. Was one of the first to actively and creatively use the photo to create original works of art. Both the paintings and drawings of the artist are in the collections of the best galleries and museums in Europe.

A French painter and master of monumental paintings, who worked in several art styles.Lebasque is known as "the artist of joy and light" for his lyrical canvas full of harmony. He belonged to the circle of Henri Matisse and founded with him the independent Autumn Salon, which exhibited the works of the most progressive artists and sculptors. Henri Lebasque exhibited his works along with Fauvists at the famous Autumn Salon in 1905, where their work was called rampant and "wild" because of the defiantly bright colors. The artist created a large number of landscapes, portraits, scenes in the interior with nudity. The internal design of the Parisian theater on the Champs Elysees and transatlantic liners also belong to the brush of Henri Lebasque.

A post-impressionist and, for the most part, a marine painter, one of the members of the Pont-Avene school, a follower of Paul Gauguin, famous for his landscapes of coastal Brittany, made in rich and saturated colors. Henry Moret was an active and hardworking artist. He not only created a large number of paintings, but also united around him a number of painters who worked in Brittany after the departure of Gauguin. Moret’s works were repeatedly exhibited at the Salon of Independent and he was an active participant in the Autumn Salon. Thanks to his acquaintance with the owner of the gallery, famous artist and collector Durand-Ruelle, he held solo exhibitions in Paris and New York.

A French artist and sculptor, participant of the Cubists' Union "Golden Section".Born into a poor family. After receiving the certificate of secondary education, Andre became a student at a furniture workshop where he mastered the skills of decorative wood carving. Since 1899, he attended decorative art courses at the School of Fine Arts in Bordeaux and worked as a woodcarver.André Lhote was one of the most intelligent and universal artists of the early 20th century. A follower of Cubism and Fauvism in painting and a talented sculptor, he is also known as an influential art critic and teacher, a founder of a private art school in Paris and in Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical ideas of the artist enjoyed great popularity among contemporaries; he lectured to a wide audience throughout France, as well as in Belgium, England, Italy, Egypt and Brazil. In 1955, the artist received the National Award for Contribution to the Development of Modern Painting and became a President of the International Association of Artists, Engravers and Sculptors. Numerous international exhibitions were held throughout his life, including a large retrospective exhibition of works by André Lhote in the Paris Museum of Modern Art in 1957.

A French artist, one of the founders and theoreticians of the Nabis group (from Hebrew "The Prophets"). Paul's father was the owner of a perfume factory and dreamed of making his son a merchant. However, at school young Serusier showed a penchant for fine arts and languages. A disciple and a faithful follower of Paul Gauguin. It was Serusier who introduced the work of the outstanding painter to his friends at the Academy of Art who adopted and applied new artistic principles in their work. In addition to paintings and graphics, Serusier created several theoretical works. One of them is "The ABC of Painting", where the artist presented his understanding of the basics of painting.

Henri-Achille-Emile-Othon-Friesz was a French painter, graphic designer and decorator, a talented teacher, the founder of the private school of painting in Paris.His father and grandfather were both seamen and wanted Emille to devote himself to the family business. The boy began to show his artistic ability at an early age, and his parents sent him to the School of Fine Arts in his hometown. There he got acquainted and made friends with Fauvist Raoul Dufy.Othon Friesz was a member of the Fauvist group, headed by Henri Matisse and is rightly considered one of the brightest representatives of this art movement. In 1906, the artist became one of the founders of The Circle of Contemporary Art - the association of artists, admirers of Le Havre and took an active part in art exhibitions around the world. His contemporaries appreciated the art of Friesz, his paintings were popular with the public and evoked positive reviews of colleagues; in 1933, and the artist was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor.

Painter Jan Verkade, who later changed his name to Father Willibrord, was a well-known Dutch Post-impressionist and Christian Symbolist.He was born into a religious Mennonite family. In 1877, the family moved to Amsterdam; Jan and his twin brother were sent to a religious boarding school in Oisterwijk.A student of Paul Gauguin, he belonged to a circle of artists known as the “Pont-Aven School”, had close ties with the Nabi group and was one of the most progressive painters of his time in his country. He was the leader of the art school at Beuron Abbey, participated in the painting of temples throughout Europe and had a great influence on the further development of the new Benedictine art.

A Russian and Soviet painter, still-life master, landscape painter and portraitist, one of the founding members of the exhibition and art association "Jack of Diamonds", a member of the Society of Moscow Artists.Ilya was born into the family of "state peasants" engaged in petty trade. He was the oldest of nine children and had to start working at the age of 11.He worked in the styles of post-impressionism, fauvism, neo-primitivism, in the late period – in the style of postmodernism ("socialist realism").He was a member of the movement "The World of Art" (since 1916), the creative group "Moscow painters" (since 1925), and became an active member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia in 1924-1928. The fame of I. I. Mashkov spread beyond the European continent, since from 1924 works were exhibited in America, Venice, London. Vienna and Paris. He was awarded the title of Honored Art Worker of Russia in 1928, was awarded a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Paris in the late 1930s, received a bronze medal "For Outstanding Contribution to the World Art" in New York.

Adalbert Mikhailovich Erdeli was a Ukrainian painter and graphic artist, writer, public figure, teacher.Born into the family of village teacher Mikhail Gryts in the Austro-Hungarian village of Kelemenfolvo, now it is Klimovitsa in the Irshavsky district of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. He had to change his surname in 1901 as a subject of Hungary. Having discovered the talent of his son, his father took care of his education.Adalbert Erdeli was not only one of the founders of the Transcarpathian art school, but also the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian art of the 20th century in general. He was the founder, member and organizer of the Transcarpathian Union of Artists of Ukraine and its first chairman, and also became the first director of the newly opened Uzhgorod Art and Industrial School, where he taught until 1952. In Uzhhorod, a double monument to A. Erdeli and I. Bokshayu, the founding artists of the Transcarpathian school, was created; the Uzhhorod College of Arts at the Transcarpathian Art Institute was named after Erdeli.

An English Post-impressionist painter and engraver, an outstanding portraitist of Britain of the early XX century. Augustus was born into the family of a lawyer. He studied at the Slade School of Fine Arts in London, together with his older sister Gwendolin Mary John and future famous artist William Orpen. He painted the portraits of B. Shaw, D. Thomas, T. E. Lawrence, T. Hardy and other equally famous people. From 1903, the artist was a participant and one of the leading members of the "New English Art Club", which popularized contemporary art in England. John also worked as a teacher, leading the painting class at the School of Arts at the University of Liverpool, and later organized a private art school. He was elected a corresponding member, and later was an academician of the Royal Academy of Arts. He was a president of the Royal Society of Painters-Portraitists for five years.

A French Neo-impressionist, an outstanding graphic artist, who was a member of the group of pointillists headed by Georges Seurat, the author of an artistic method called pointillism and divisionism.He was born into the family of a rural schoolteacher and was the third and the youngest child. He received his primary education at the Academy of Arts in Rouen.Angrand was a notable figure of the French avant-garde of the end of the nineteenth century and was directly involved in the organization of the Salon of Independent, where he often exhibited his paintings. The artist adhered to anarchist political views, like many other Neo-impressionists of that time. Angrand is known as a talented graphic artist; he performed many of his works in a black and white palette achieving incredible light effects.

Cornelis (Kees) Theodorus Maria van Dongen is a French and Dutch artist and graphic artist, one of the founders of Fauvism.Kees van Dongen lived and worked in Paris, having obtained French citizenship in 1929. He participated in various exhibitions, including the famous Autumn Salon of 1905, together with H. Matisse, Vlaminck, Derain, Manguin, when the artists were first called fauvists ("wild") for their bright color paintings. The artist also drew cartoons for popular newspaper La Revue Blanche, organized costumed balls in Montparnasse. Since 1908, he became a member of the art association "Most" (Germany). Van Dongen was friendly with Pablo Picasso and his entourage, living in the famous hostel of Bato Lavoir in Montmartre. The artist's paintings brought him great popularity in the circles of the French bourgeoisie and, as a consequence, - prosperity. In 1926, Dongen was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor; in 1927, he was awarded the Order of the Crown of Belgium.

A Swiss artist, sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist, who also created numerous wall paintings. He signed his paintings with the pseudonym Emil Sinclair.Cuno Amiet was born into the family of an official (state archivist) in the canton of Solothurn, where he began to take painting lessons.The artist worked in the genres of landscape and portrait. Belongs to the post-impressionist art movement, was a member of the Pont-Aven School, the Nabis group and the Vienna Secession. He was an honorary Doctor of Arts at the University of Berne, as well as an honorary member of the Solothurn Union of Artists, and since 1906 actively participated in the Art Association "The Bridge" (Germany).

August Robert Ludwig Macke was a German innovative artist, one of the leaders of Expressionist group “The Blue Rider”, the author of program works published in the almanac of the same name under the auspices of the association.He was the youngest of three children of successful civil engineer Friedrich Macke and Maria Florentina, who came from a peasant family. Soon after the birth of their son, the family moved to Cologne, and then to Bonn, where the boy entered a real gymnasium, and his parents organized a boarding school. August’s father painted landscapes, collected ancient engravings and coins - so the fascination with painting was not accidental. The first watercolors of the young man are dated 1902 year.

A Belgian and French artist, collector and patron. A bright representative of the innovative, at that time movement "neo-impressionism" she was the only woman in the Belgian avant-garde of fine arts.Born into the family of faience manufacturer Victor Boch, a co-owner of the industrial and trading company Villeroy & Boch. She was the eldest sister of painter Eugène Boch. Their parents were fond of art, and in the summer the family traveled to the Belgian coast, where Anna started drawing at an early age. From her teachers, Anna learned many styles, including Realism and Academicism. However, the main popular styles in her work were Impressionism, Neo-impressionism and to a lesser extent Post-impressionism.

Alexander Kuprin was a Russian, and then Soviet painter and teacher. A master of the still life and cityscape. One of the founding members of the exhibition and creative association named "Jack of Diamonds".Alexander was born into the family of a teacher of a local school. From childhood, he was fond of music (he wrote a few fugues) and drawing. As a result of a long apprenticeship, he learned the Petersburg and Moscow traditional schools of drawing and painting, and also got in some good creative practice directly in France.

The most famous Belgian artist of the twentieth century, known for his mysterious and inexplicable canvases, made in an original surreal style. At the age of fourteen, Rene Magritte suffered a severe mental trauma - the suicide of his mother, which left an imprint on his entire work. Of great importance to the artist was his friendship with European Surrealists, in particular with Andre Breton and poet Edward James, who was a close friend and patron of Magritte.The artist was calm and undemanding. While his fellow Surrealists flaunted their lives, shocking the audience and attracting their attention, Magritte lived in solitude, earning his living by creating advertisements and illustrations for newspapers and magazines. This work was reflected in his art, in which the influence of advertising and poster art is noticeable.In each picture of the painter, which at first glance seems like a meaningless set of objects, there is a hidden deep meaning and secret subtext addressed to the human subconscious. The central character of the work often became a mysterious man in a bowler hat, the prototype of which many consider Magritte himself. The artist never explained the meaning of his paintings, leaving the viewer with many questions and guesses about the true meaning of the things depicted in his paintings.

Albert Marquet was a French landscape painter, illustrator and graphic artist, whose work is connected with Post-impressionism, although he was close to Fauvism for some time. Albert was born into the family of a railway employee. The mother of the future artist encouraged her son's interest in painting. Marquet’s works were included in group exhibitions: in the Autumn Salons starting in 1902, and the Salon of Independent starting in 1906. He was also the author of a large number of skillful graphic works, kept in the museum of Malraux in Le Havre, and illustrations to the book by Charles-Louis Philippe "Bubu de Montparnasse", which was published in 1903. Albert Marquet preferred to live in small picturesque towns of France, traveled a lot, and visited even the USSR, where he had many admirers. Many of his pieces are kept in Russian museums. His art is a true example of the harmony of inner peace and dedication to his vocation.

French painter, art theorist, and one of the founders of Synthetism. Louis Anquetin is also known as the pioneer of Cloisonnism, a new method of painting that he developed together with Emile Bernard in 1887. This style became the basis for the picturesque “synthetic” symbolism and brought the artist glory as well as recognition his contemporaries.

Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Artist and art theoretician. He was the pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematist movement and Cubo-Futurism.Malevich created his first oil painting at the age of 16. It was named “Moonlit Night”. In his paintings, he tried to combine the principles of Cubism, Futurism and Expressionism. He was also interested in aerial photography and aviation, which led him to abstractions inspired by aerial landscapes.

Mondrian was one of the pioneers of 20th century abstract art. He changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, which was eventually reduced to simple geometric elements.

An artist, sculptor and theorist of fine art, one of the central figures of Italian Futurism. Together with Gino Severini, he learned the technique of pointillism from Giacomo Balla and became one of the authors of the Futurism Manifesto in 1910.Umberto Boccioni was the most active participant and propagandist of the movement, its theorist and practitioner. Boccioni made the most significant contribution to the art as a sculptor. He was the first to create futuristic sculptures and wrote a work entitled “Technical manifesto of futuristic sculpture”.Like many of his contemporaries, the artist admired technology, speed, scientific progress and everything that represented the triumph of mankind over nature. Boccioni's works vividly demonstrate the main finds of Futurists - the image of the dynamics and construction of objects using the “line-force” and the principle of “simultaneity”, in which a moving object is presented in the form of several repeating elements of different moments of motion.Umberto Boccioni died early while serving in the army. However, despite that, his name entered the history of modern art forever. The artist’s works are considered the best examples of Italian avant-garde art, and the statue “Unique forms of continuity in space” is rightfully called one of the iconic sculptures of the twentieth century.

Major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker, sculptor, and founder of Cubism (together with Pablo Picasso).Braque came from a family of artisans. He grew up in Le Havre and studied as a painter and decorator, like his father and grandfather. However, he also seriously studied painting in the evenings at the School of Fine Arts. The artist’s early works were impressionistic. After viewing an exhibition of the works by Fauves in 1905, the painter adopted their style. Shiny red, white, yellow and orange colours prevailed in his works.

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish and French artist, sculptor, graphic artist, theater artist, ceramicist and designer. He was the founder of Cubism (together with Georges Braque and Juan Gris), in which the three-dimensional body was drawn in an original manner - as a series of superimposed planes. Also, it is known that his paintings hold first place in “popularity” among thieves.

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was a French artist, draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor. He was the leader of the Fauvism movement and is known for both his use of color and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. Apart from Fauvism, he worked in other genres such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and Cubism.

André Derain was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse. Two other main styles of his work were Cubism and Neo-Classicism.

Alfred Sisley is a key representative of French Impressionism, whose talent was primarily manifested in landscapes. Together with like-minded people, he organized the Impressionist community, participated in all the first exhibitions and “Plein airs”. He did not become as successful, famous and popular as Monet and Renoir. Many of his works were lost during the Franco-Prussian War when the artist was forced to flee Paris and leave all his belongings behind.

Camille Pissarro was a French painter and graphic artist, one of the four first representatives of Impressionism. He painted landscapes, still lifes and portraits. He also worked in the styles of Divisionism (Pointillism) and Post-Impressionism.

French artist, one of the founders of Symbolism, Synthetism and Cloisonnism, Modernist currents. His preserved correspondence with Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin remains one of the most important and unique sources of information about certain nuances in the fine art of the late 19th and early 20th centuries - in particular, the development of Modernism. The same can be said about the articles Bernard wrote in cooperation with newspapers and magazines. Bernard’s legacy contains not just paintings and drawings, but sculptures, furniture, wood engravings and tapestry projects as well.

Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is now among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He created about 2,100 artworks, including landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits.

A French landscape painter, draftsman, consistent adherent of Impressionism and Post-impressionism. Being the representative of the Rouen school of painting, Albert-Charles Lebourg wrote landscapes of his native places, as well as the suburbs of Paris.

A French artist, a bright representative of early Post-impressionism, a master of graphics and a flashy-expressive advertising poster. He came from an old aristocratic family. The most organically original talent of the artist was shown up in such a genre as portrait.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Edinburgh National Gallery (Scotland).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Ottawa National Gallery (Canada).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (Rovereto, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The National Gallery of Modern Art (Rome, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gallery of Modern Art (Rovereto, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Musee d'Orsay, Paris (France).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gallery of the Courtland Institute of Art, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Cornell Museum of Art, Winter Park, Florida (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Modern Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: wood, oil, pencil. Location: The private collection of the Conway family, (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, wood. Location: the Museum of Fine Arts of Kostroma (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the private collection of the artist's family.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Yerevan Museum of Russian Art (the collection of A. Abrahamyan). (Armenia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the collection of the Chicago Art Institute (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Karakalpak State Museum of Art named after I.V. Savitsky (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Kursk Regional Art Gallery named after A. A. Deineka (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the State Museum of Arts of Uzbekistan (Tashkent).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 139.7 x 60.6 cm. Location: The National Gallery of Art (Washington, the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Whitney Museum of American Art (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 44 x 59.5 cm. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Washington National Gallery of Art (the USA).

Beni Ferenczy Museum, Szentendre, Hungary.

Mediums: gouache, paper, millboard. Location: The Tate Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of N. Kournikova and A. Fialkov, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 49 x 61 cm. Location: National Museum, Krakow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow, Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Georges Pompidou Center, Paris (France).

Mediums: canvas, tempera. Location: National Gallery of Armenia, Yerevan.

Mediums: cardboard, tempera. Location: Odessa Art Museum, Ukraine.

Mediums: pastel, watercolor, paper. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, tempera, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Russia).

Location: National Museum of Art of Georgia, Tbilisi.

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: Museum of Ukrainian Painting, Dnipro, Ukraine.

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Ukrainian Painting, Dnipro, Ukraine.

Location: Kiev National Museum of Russian Art, Ukraine.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The National Art Museum, Riga (Latvia).

Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum. St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Sevastopol Art Museum. P.M. Kroshitsky.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Faaborg Museum, Denmark.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Segantini, St. Moritz, Switzerland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Segantini, St. Moritz, Switzerland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Stedelis Art Institute and Municipal Gallery, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The new Pinakothek, an art museum in Munich, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology, Oxford, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Royal Pavilion of the Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, Great Britain.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: City Gallery, Southampton, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of the Association of Arts of E. Zotov, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum in Warsaw.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum in Krakow, Poland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Masovian Museum in Plock, Belarus.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery Field, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Wolverhampton Art Gallery, West Midlands County, the United Kingdom.

Mediums: oil, panel. Location: Museum-Gallery of Hastings, Great Britain.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Russell-Cote Art Gallery and Museum, Bournemouth, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Ramsgate Library, Great Britain.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Penlee House, Penzance, Cornwall, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Rochdale Art Center, Penzance, Cornwall, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Portrait Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Birmingham Art Gallery, England.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Memorial Gallery of Birger Sandzen, Kansas, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Memorial Gallery of Birger Sanzden, Kansas, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Bergen Art Museum, Norway.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum of Painting, Architecture and Design, Oslo, Norway.