Impressionism

An outstanding French sculptor, the founder of modern sculpture. Auguste Rodin is rightfully considered the greatest creator of his time, who destroyed the stereotypes in his work and became a model for subsequent generations of sculptors around the world.The unique ability to convey the plasticity and lines of the human body, as well as the complex experiences of the soul, were the main features of the sculptor’s manner. Rodin's work was strikingly different from the traditional canons of Academism. His work expressing the free energy of life and vivid emotions, as well as intimate moments, met with misunderstanding and criticism of contemporaries. Only at the end of the life of the master, his works were appreciated and great success.For a long period, Auguste Rodin worked on a large order - the entrance to the building of the new museum of decorative art in Paris, which was called the "Gates of Hell". The master went so deep into his work that he continued to refine and redo it for eight years. Despite the fact that the museum’s project was never implemented, the elements of the gate, including the famous Thinker, became separate works of art that won the hearts of millions of people with the naturalness of their plasticity and openness of feelings.

A French Catalan-born sculptor, master of tapestry, painter and book illustrator. He was a member of the Nabis group created by Paul Gauguin's followers, although he did not use their sculpting techniques.Maillol appeared in the second and main period of his creative career as one of the most original sculptors and is considered an author who made a revolutionary "return" to classical sculpture at a time when art had a vector of movement towards Abstractionism. He strove for harmony, proportionality, simplification of visual forms, gravitating towards grandeur at the end of the 19th century.Some also catalog him as the forerunner of such sculptors as Henry Moore (blog entry made on November 15, 2009). Although, if we delve into his biography, we will know him as a versatile artist who dominated all disciplines, although he finally found a way to his style in sculpture.Thanks to the efforts of a friend and muse of the master, Dina Verni, who throughout her life was engaged in propaganda of the work of Aristide Maillol, in 1995, the museum of the sculptor, master of decorative and applied art and painter was opened in Paris. She presented 18 sculptures to the French people on condition that they will be permanently exhibited in the Tuileries Gardens.Aristide Maillol's humanistic in essence and execution art had a huge impact on the work of many of the largest sculptors of the 20th century.

An English avant-garde artist, an active participant in the non-durable but radical movement “Vorticism” that appeared in London just before the First World War.Edward Wadsworth not only signed the Manifesto of the new association, but also created graphic compositions for Blast magazine, working closely with its chief editor, Wyndham Lewis. Having placed the magazine “Explosion” in Wadsworth’s hand in his canvas “Vorticists in the restaurant de la Tour Eiffel: Spring, 1915”, his colleague W. Roberts emphasized his significant role in the group. This was fundamentally important in the 1960s, when interest in the movement became more intense.The artist traveled a lot and contributed to the further development of the British avant-garde, introducing ideas of Surrealism into it. He was a member of such significant creative associations as the Paris group Abstraction-Création.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

An Italian painter and graphic artist, a representative of Futurism and Metaphysical painting. A creatively active artist and painting theorist, Carlo Carra was one of the most famous artists in Italy in the early decades of the 20th century and an influential member of the futuristic movement.The artist’s style changed dramatically several times over his long career. He survived several successive periods: early Neo-impressionism and Symbolism, Futurism, Cubism, metaphysics and neoclassical painting.The artist made the most significant contribution to Futurism. In his paintings, he skillfully combined the original techniques of cubism with dynamism and the bold innovation of futuristic ideology. Carra’s canvas of the futuristic period is filled with incredibly bright and energetic images, chaotic movement and wild emotions.During the war, he met with Giorgio de Chirico, with whom he founded a style known as metaphysical painting. Since then, he painted still lifes and interiors filled with ominous emptiness and mysterious silence. In the late 1920s, the artist completely abandoned the avant-garde art and defended the conservative aesthetics of Novecento.

A Russian theater artist and set designer, painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of Russia. Golovin, who collaborated with V. Meyerhold and S. Diaghilev, was not only the greatest master of theatrical and decorative art but also one of its reformers. He possessed a keen sense of style, inexhaustible imagination and rare stage intuition, which always allowed him to find a single artistic solution to the production that influenced the work of the director. The name of Golovin is associated with an almost 20-year period in the development of Russian theater culture.As an easel artist, Alexander Golovin preferred Impressionism and Art Nouveau; however, he painted some portraits (for example, of his friend Nicholas Roerich) in a completely realistic manner.The peculiarity of Golovin as a portrait painter is in the fact that he created magnificent portraits of artists (ballerinas, actors) as the characters they played. The most significant are the images of Chaliapin - Golovin painted him as Mephistopheles, Holofernes, Boris Godunov, Farlaf, etc.Easel paintings by Alexander Golovin are in the most famous collections of Russia, and his sketches for costumes and stage became independent paintings of considerable value.

An Italian painter, graphic artist, art theorist and critic. One of the first and most influential Futurists in the country. Gino Severini worked for a long time in the style of cubism, maintaining relations with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris.Under the influence of his teacher Giacomo Balla, the artist learned ways of expressing movement and speed in painting, which led him to Futurism. Together with several associates, he signed the first Futurism Manifesto in 1910.The artist’s works are distinguished by dynamism, mobility and swiftness. At the same time, an amazing balance of composition characteristic of Cubists defines Severini’s work. This feature allows you to partially resolve the contradictions between Futurism and Cubism, to combine their attempts to create what is impossible: to depict an object at the same time from several points of time, viewing angles and positions in space. In his work, the artist came to this goal as close as possible, managing to depict a really moving, sounding and lively picture. The artist is considered an unsurpassed master in depicting the bustling nightlife of the city.

A Ukrainian artist and poet, publisher, critic, who worked in Russia, Japan and America. One of the founders of the Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde traditionally referred to as the "father of Russian Futurism".He was an initiator of revolutionary ideas, which united many famous people (Lentulov and Exter, Bogomazov and Palmov, poets Mayakovsky and Kamensky, Kruchyonykh and Khlebnikov, Aseev and Guro), as well as the creator of the group "Gilea" - the first literary and artistic union of the Futurists. He was a member and organizer of innovative groups “Stefanos Wreath”, “Jack of Diamonds”, a member of the Moscow Youth Union and the Munich Blue Horseman.The master was the first in Bashkortostan to create images of the indigenous population, the first to transfer avant-garde to the land of Japan.The artist’s museum was created in Brooklyn (New York, the USA); the American International Zaumi Academy annually presents the prize “International Mark of D. Burliuk".

A Belgian painter and draftsman, lithographer and illustrator.Frits van den Berghe was one of the most interesting Expressionist artists of the first half of the twentieth century and a prominent Surrealist. Starting his career under the influence of Symbolist artists and Lumists grouped in Laethem-Saint-Martin, he wrote a manifesto together with his friend, artist Gustave De Smet, who opposed Impressionism. As a member of the second wave of Laethem-Saint-Martin school, Berghe followed the latest trends in the visual arts of his country.The time of the First World War, a period of existential doubts when the artist lived in the Netherlands, was marked by his fascination with Cubist painting by French artist Henri Le Focognier, as well as an interest in Futurism and German Expressionism.At the end of the 1920s, having visited an exhibition, where, in particular, paintings of Ernst and Miro were exhibited, the artist moved away from other styles and devoted his art to attempts to overcome the barriers between real and irrational phenomena, life and death. Berge revealed his new surrealistic concept, in particular, in a theme that was original for this style - floral still lifes.Although Berghe's paintings often resemble works of Ernst and Ensor; his creations are the original Flemish version of Surrealism, with its great picturesqueness and expression. Berghe's works (the list of works, compiled in 1966, consists of 430 items) are presented in most Belgian museums and galleries in Europe.

A Ukrainian artist, major representative and one of the leading theorists of the Ukrainian art avant-garde of the early 20th century. Alexander Bogomazov is usually accompanied by the epithet “Ukrainian Picasso”, but he interpreted his work as cubofuturism in the article “Painting and Elements”, paying much attention to the rhythmic component of the work.Art critics characterize the world-class master as the most consistent of Cubo-Futurists, who most harmoniously combined the ideas of Italian Futurism with the stylistics of French Cubism and Orphism in his paintings. Moreover, it was he who theoretically substantiated the synthesis of these art movements. Bogomazov was a prominent cultural activist who reformed the country's system of art education. As a talented teacher, he taught for many years at various art schools, at the Institute of Plastic Arts (renamed in 1924 as the Kyiv Art Institute).The name of Alexander Bogomazov was removed from the history of art for more than 30 years due to the intensified struggle against formalism. People’s attention to his “arrested” paintings resumed only in the 1960s. The canvases of the outstanding avant-garde artist are exhibited at European and American galleries and museums.

A Romanian painter and sculptor of Jewish origin, the main representative of the vanguard of this country in the first half of the 20th century and during the post-war period. The artist made a significant part of his creative career in France. Although Victor Brauner, after his early post-impressionist and expressionist experiences, contributed to every avant-garde movement, much of his work fits into the concept of Surrealism.Active in the cultural life of his country, the artist tried to develop avant-garde movements - he founded the magazine “75 HP” in Bucharest, wrote the “Manifesto of Picto-Poetry,” and organized exhibitions of Dadaists and Surrealists. However, the threat of falling into the dungeons of the Nazis forced the artist to settle in France.Brauner was an active and influential member of the Surrealist association headed by Andre Breton; however, according to art expert, his art stood apart due to the artist’s unbridled imagination and, most importantly, his serious passion for esoteric ideas and the authentic art of different nationalities. This style made the artist original, especially after he lost his eye – the same one, which he depicted as knocked out in his self-portrait seven years before it happened in real.Victor Brauner was a participant in major surrealist exhibitions; in 1966 (in the year of his death), he was chosen to represent France at the Venice Biennale. He willed to make the inscription, "Painting is life, real life, my life" on the grave plate of the Montmartre cemetery.

Arshile Gorky (his real name was Vostanik Manoug Adoian) was an American artist of Armenian descent, an outstanding artist of the USA of the twentieth century. He was a vivid representative of Surrealism and one of the founders of Abstract Expressionism, a movement that affirmed the independence and uniqueness of American fine art in the world.Vostanik Manoug Adoian decided to change his name after immigrating to the United States, where he began a completely new life, leaving behind extreme poverty and deprivation. The greatest shock for the artist was the demise of his mother, who died of hunger in his arms in 1919. The influence of this event is noticeable in many works of the artist, especially in the portraits of his mother, the variations of which he created throughout his career.The life of Arshile Gorky, which ended in suicide, was full of tragedy, and his personality is surrounded by a halo of mystery and secrets. The artist himself preferred to distort the facts of his biography, creating various myths about his origin, childhood and student years. These incredible inventions, however, could not overshadow his outstanding achievements in painting. The work of Arshile Gorky is a unique phenomenon that is difficult to characterize as a manifestation of one of the existing styles. It is a transitional stage between classical painting and avant-garde and had a significant impact on the development of modern painting in the United States.

An outstanding Hungarian painter and graphic artist, publicist and art theorist. Janos Kmetti was the first Cubist in his country and an influential teacher that educated a whole generation of young artists. Studying at the world-famous Julian Academy in Paris, he adopted the most advanced artistic traditions of Europe and enriched the art of Hungary with new avant-garde movements and painting methods. The career of the artist is tightly connected with the literary and artistic association Tett (Action), headed by Lajos Kassák. Together with a few associates, he was one of the founders of the New Society of Artists and its vice chairman in 1924. Kmetty also took an active part in the life of the art colony of Nagybánya and Szentendre and showed his works at collective exhibitions of Hungarian avant-garde artists both at home and abroad. In 1949, the artist was awarded the National Kossuth Prize - the honorary state award of Hungary; his autobiographical and theoretical works are important sources of information for art historians.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist Alexander Osmerkin was a member of the “Jack of Diamonds” art group, many other associations and groups, worked as a professor of painting at several higher art educational institutions and headed a personal workshop. In the 1940s, he came under the definition of “formalist” and “propagandist of Western art”, was dismissed from the Academy. He was forbidden to execute orders, exhibit and sell his works. Accepting the merits and talent of the master, the graduates of his workshop held the exhibition “In Memory of the Teacher”. An art and memorial museum was opened in the city of Kropyvnytskyi, the homeland of the artist, in the mansion where Osmerkin’s childhood passed; one prize is awarded in his name.

An English landscape painter (marina genre) and graphic artist Philip Wilson Steer was one of the leaders of English Impressionists and one of the founders of the New English Club of Artists (1886), which opposed the methods of the official Royal Academy of Art. Apart from working in the genre of marina, the main landscape genre, he created propaganda drawings and canvases during the First World War, when he worked at the British Ministry of Information. The artist was awarded the honorary title of the Knight of the British Order of Merit.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, master of scenography, teacher, member of the art associations of the symbolists "Blue Rose", "Wreath", the group "Makovets". He was a member of the Union of Russian Artists. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts.

A well-known Polish author of portraits and landscapes, a talented teacher, a participant in several art associations and exhibitions around the world. She was awarded many prestigious awards, including a gold medal at the international art exhibition in Munich (1905), the French Order of the Legion of Honor (1912), and a golden laurel wreath “For outstanding achievements in Polish art” (1936), Grand Prix at the Paris Expo (1939), the Order of the Renaissance of Poland (1938). Many of the portraits she created are considered real masterpieces.

A Polish artist and teacher, one of the brightest and most emotional representatives of Slavic Symbolism and one of the founders of Art Nouveau in his country. In Poland, the Museum of Contemporary Art named after Jacek Malczewski, the branch of which is located in Radom, the hometown of the artist, has been opened.

An Italian artist, a bright representative of Impressionism. Having experienced the progressive at that time Maciaioli School in Florence, the artist was finally formed under the influence of the French Impressionists. He mostly painted genre and plot scenes from the life of ordinary people and landscapes, admired the nude genre. He was recognized in his motherland only after his death and is considered the founder of Italian Impressionism along with Boldini and Nittis.

A French impressionist artist, who worked in the genres of portrait, landscape, still life and storyline painting. Despite the fact that Eva Gonzales did not take part in any of the exhibitions of Impressionists, she is justly considered a prominent representative of this art movement. Her works are in the most famous museums of the world, including the Louvre.

One of the largest Russian Symbolist artists, a painter and graphic artist. He created paintings in the genres of landscape, portrait, and subject scenes. He belonged to the Saratov school of painting, participated in the exhibitions "Scarlet Rose" and "Blue Rose", was a member of the Moscow Association of Artists and the Union of Russian Artists, and the French Society of Fine Arts. The Museum-Estate of V. Borisov-Musatov is a branch of the Art Museum named after A.N. Radishchev.

A Lithuanian painter, master of applied graphics, a prominent art historian, teacher and talented organizer. As a bright representative of the second wave of Russian Suprematism and Constructivism, the artist actively promoted the ideas of new art close to Russian Suprematism in the style of Malevich and Constructivism in the style of Tatlin, as well as such styles as Cubism and Futurism.In 1923, the artist was the first to widely and officially introduce avant-garde art to Lithuanian artists and the public by organizing the New Art Exhibition in Vilnius. The process in this country was much slower, and the efforts undertaken by Kairiūkštis and his like-minded people to introduce the ideas of the European avant-garde significantly accelerated changes in Lithuanian art.At the invitation of Kairiūkštis, Polish Constructivists from “The Bloc” participated in the “New Exhibition”. This allowed Lithuanian artists to become members of this Warsaw association, and later to join the “Present Tense” group.For about 10 years, the artist headed the painting department at the Vilnius Academy of Arts, organized his own studio, and also worked in Kaunas. As a result of his active pedagogical activity, the entire generation of his compatriots was encouraged to radically depart from Academism.As a researcher of the Lithuanian modernist era, Vytautas Kairiūkštis published a monograph about his fellow countryman, watercolor artist Kajetonas Sklėrius, several articles on the work of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis and a number of articles on the theory and history of fine art.

An American artist, one of the first American painters that worked in the style of impressionism. He lived in Italy and France for a long time; studied painting and learnt the cutting-edge ideas of European art. Returning to America, Robinson worked as a teacher, opened his own studio in New York and entered the community of American artists “Ten”. A student and comrade of Claude Monet, Theodore Robinson brought Impressionist ideas to life, having re-thought them and adding some American flavor to them. He is famous for his landscape painting depicting the nature of France and the landscapes of his motherland. His paintings are considered masterpieces of American Impressionism.

A landscape painter, illustrator, a brilliant representative of American Impressionism. He is known as a member of the Ten community, the members of which separated from the Society of American Artists in 1897. Willard Metcalf, like most American Impressionists, acquired knowledge and invaluable artistic experience in Europe. He studied at the Julian Academy and lived for some time in the town of Giverny, where many progressive artists from different countries lived and worked. Willard Metcalf is known as a talented teacher. He was a teacher at the Women's Art School (Cooper Union, New York) and at the Art Students League in New York. In 1893, the artist became a member of the American Watercolor Society.

A Russian artist and theatre artist, a graphic artist and decorator, a bright and original representative of Symbolism and an innovator in the field of scenography. The artist was one of the most influential in the circle of the «Blue Rose», participated in all exhibitions of the group. He is the one who became an author of the emblem – locally blue roses on the cover of the catalog of the exhibition of the group. He worked in the genres of still-life and landscare, created decorative panels and genre paintings, as well as paintings on the themes of theater productions. Sapunov's works, including sketches for scenery, are in the collections of the best museums and galleries in Russia.

A Hungarian Impressionist painter (considered the founder of Hungarian Impressionism, whose pioneer in Hungary was Pal Szinyei Merse), Post-Impressionist and Symbolist. One of the very first and leading representatives and teachers of the Nagybanya school which was founded by Simon Hollosy and functioned in the city of Nagybanya in Transylvania (another name is Baia Mare school). Successfully mastered the genre, including mythological and religious painting, the genre of "nude" and portrait, still life and landscape.

A Belgian Symbolist painter, graphic artist, a vivid representative of the avant-garde art of Belgium.The parents of the future master kept a souvenir shop. Therefore, the artist's childhood passed among various ancient items, masks and statuettes. This left a big imprint on his work.He is known for his satirical canvases depicting the shortcomings of the society and human vices. The creation of the society of artists "Les XX", in which he was directly involved, contributed to the formation of many young talents. The outstanding artist was elevated to the rank of a national hero and was awarded the baronial title in his motherland. James Ensor is the most famous national painter of Belgium of the beginning of the twentieth century, who gained worldwide recognition.

An American impressionist painter.He was a member of the art group "Ten", which united progressive American painters. After receiving a comprehensive art education in Europe, John Twachtman devoted most of his paintings to his native Connecticut, depicting landscapes and scenes of the everyday life of Americans. The artist masterfully used the color and, despite the significant influence of French Impressionists, he managed to develop his own original style of painting. Twachtman was engaged in pedagogical and teaching activities. He led painting classes at the Davenek School and courses in the Art Student League (USA).

Mykola Grygorovych Burachek was one of a few of the most consistent and prominent representatives of Impressionism established in Ukrainian painting at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Among other fields of work of the master, there are scenography, acting, pedagogical activity (he was a professor of painting from 1927), the history of art (investigations, writing monographs and articles on arts). Thanks to Burachek's monograph on Taras Shevchenko, many recognized him as an artist. As a public figure, he was one of the founders and president of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts, as well as an active member of the Union of Ukrainian Artists and an exhibitor of the Association of Artists of Ukraine. In 1936, he was awarded the title of the Merited Artist of the Ukrainian SSR; in 1941, he was awarded the title of the Merited Art Worker.

A Ukrainian and Russian impressionist painter of Greek origin. He created oil and watercolor paintings mainly in the landscape genre. Having accepted the ideas and to a certain extent the technique of European Impressionism, he created paintings on themes of Ukrainian and Russian nature, often using colorful architecture and multi-figure plots in the composition.

An English artist, one of the representatives of the Newlyn Art Colony. He was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Arts of Great Britain and participated in its official exhibitions. He was mostly known in his time and in the modern art world for his nudes, the models for which were boys and teenagers, although the artist created no less portraits, marines, landscapes and fishermen’s life canvases. The artist kept a diary and made lists for many years. These notes are an important and interesting source for studying the era of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and the first quarter of the 20th century.

Hungarian artist, the founder of Impressionism in his country. In the portrait genre, he remained close to a realistic manner. Being the director of the School of Decorative Art (later - the Academy of Arts) in the last decades of his life, he was one of the most influential figures of Hungarian painting.

An Italian Impressionist painter, a master of engraving, one of the best and most sought-after portrait painters of the period of his active work, that is, the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century. Having mastered the ideas and the technique of the Florentine school of Macchiaioli that was unusual and progressive for Italian fine art of the second half of the 19th century, the portrait painter finally formed his skills in France under the influence of the not yet recognized Impressionists. He painted mostly portraits and plot scenes. Among the Paris Boheme, he succeeded as the creator of sophisticated elegant refined beauties and aesthetes-dandy. His talent was recognized in his motherland rather late; nevertheless, he is rightly considered, along with Nitisse and Zandomeneghi, the founder of Italian Impressionism, in particular, impressionistic portrait.

An American Impressionist painter, a member of the association "Ten American Artists", a member of the Cos Cob Art Colony; a president of the Society of American Artists and the National Academy of Design in New York. The artist's work is diverse: he is known for impressionistic landscapes, portrait and genre painting; he created many still lifes, worked with graphics. Actively working as a teacher, Julian Alden Weir had a great influence on the development and popularization of impressionism in the United States of America.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

A Russian artist, a famous and unique master of the «mood landscape», who expressed the connection between a person's destiny, movements of their soul and the nature. In less than 25 years, we created almost 1000 paintings, many drawings and sketches. Having the title of a «free artist”, then an academician; held landscape classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

A Ukrainian Impressionist painter, original colorist, as well as an editor and social activist. Known as a master of landscape, a portrait painter and an art critic. A prominent participant in the revival of Galician-Ukrainian painting and the organization of artistic life in Galicia in general. Being a figure significant for the culture of Western Ukraine, he became one of the creators of the first professional art societies in this region.

An American artist, illustrator, one of the most prominent representatives of American Impressionism. A member of the group «Ten American artists», which included progressive artists, opposing themselves to the official art and the academic society of American artists. He worked mainly in the technique of watercolor, though also created oil paintings. Childe Hassam was a master of the urban landscape. He left a heritage of a large number of works (more than 3000 paintings) and was very popular during his lifetime. The artist's works adorn the White House; they are exhibits of leading museums and art galleries of the United States.

A famous Russian and Ukrainian landscape painter of Greek origin, a master of Impressionist painting, a talented teacher and the founder of the Society for the Assistance to Artists (it was named after the artist when the master was alive). Starting his painting career with Wanderers (he was a member of the Association of The Wanderers until 1880), he left it resolutely and irrevocably after a trip to France. At the same time, Kuindzhi's searches in the field of light-color painting began earlier; this allowed Alexander Benois to say that Arkhip Ivanovich himself came to Impressionism no later than Impressionists themselves and that his role for the new Russian fine arts is comparable to that of French art.

A Czech and Slovak Impressionist painter, graphic artist, landscape painter, talented teacher and writer, art critic, one of the pioneers of Czech and Slovak Impressionism, as well as Symbolism and modernism. The active civil position of the artist was reflected in his work on the creation of private painting schools, and then in the participation of the establishment of the Association of Moravian Artists.

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, who succeeded in very different spheres of creative and scientific activity, was a man of art, a unique landscape painter, illustrator, museum and restoration specialist.For many years, he worked as a trustee and director of the Tretyakov Gallery, was a director of the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In each sphere, he showed his incredible love for work.

Fedor Grigorevich Krychevsky was an outstanding Ukrainian painter, teacher and an active public figure, the first rector of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts; he was a professor at the Kiev Art Institute for many years, was awarded the title "Honored Artist of Ukraine" (1940).He was born into a family of a baptized Jew, a Zemstvo paramedic. He was one of eight children and grew up in the Ukrainian small village of Malaya Vorozhba (Kharkiv region) on the Psel River. The talent of Fedor, just like the talent of his elder brother Vasily (the future outstanding architect and artist), manifested itself early - he painted with coal, embroidered his own compositions, molded figures of clay. In the 1890s, the talented guy was noticed by Count V. Kapnist, in the estate of whom Fedor got acquainted with painting, could read books from a rich library, began to copy paintings from albums and original works of art.An example of Ukrainian Art Nouveau was Krychevsky’s monumental triptych "Life" (1925-1927), exhibited in Europe and the United States. Many prominent Ukrainian artists (the Kiev school) consider themselves students of Professor Krychevsky. The main works of the artist are in the permanent exposition of the National Art Museum of Ukraine.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist, master of stained glass, ceramist and illustrator.He was born into an Indonesian-Dutch family. The artist's father was an island resident, and his mother was a British subject.Jan Theodor Toorop was the largest representative of Symbolism in Dutch painting, who worked in a variety of art styles and techniques. The influence of Jan Toorop on the development of European avant-garde painting is difficult to overestimate. The artist left a bright mark on the art of England, Holland and Belgium, where he periodically lived, communicated with the most outstanding figures of art and was in various art associations. The author's unique style is a mixture of Symbolism with a Modernist presentation and mysterious Indonesian motifs, which impressed his contemporaries and had a large number of followers around the world.

A Danish animal painter and, to a lesser extent, portrait painter and landscape painter. In other areas, he is known for his work in the etching technique, as an illustrator and as a master of wall painting.The family of Johannes belonged to the artistic environment. His mother was the sister of famous artist Johan. When he was a child, he met artists Hans Schmidt and Theodor Philipsen.Larsen stood at the origins of the new art of Denmark, preferring to work in the open air. One of the leaders of a significant and influential group, known as "The artists of Fyn Island" in the history of art. Received orders for monumental paintings of the royal Christiansborg Castle (reception hall, the ceiling of the library), frescoes for the celebration halls in the Odense municipality, the capital of Fyn Island. In the house of the artist, built according to his project, there is a state museum.

A Swiss painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of the European Art Nouveau.The artist was born into a poor family of a carpenter and a peasant woman, he was the eldest of six children. When Hodler was eight years old, he lost his father and two younger brothers. His mother Margaret married a widower with five children; her stepfather was an artist and designer and became the first teacher for Ferdinand – when he was nine years old, he was put to work, helping his stepfather draw simple signs. The boy continued his studies in the town of Thun, where his teacher was a local painter Ferdinand Sommer.Ferdinand Hodler is known as the author of the original artistic method - parallelism, which later became one of the main in the style of art nouveau. He created several monumental canvases and decorative panels adorning public buildings in Switzerland and Germany, thus making a significant contribution to historical painting. Hodler's art was a success among his colleagues; his works were admired by such great artists as Puvis de Chavannes and Gustav Klimt, as well as sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artist was a participant in the mystical Rosicrucian order and exhibited his paintings at the Symbolist Salon "Rose and Cross."

The most famous Spanish impressionist painter. In the early period of creativity, he worked in the styles of realism and naturalism.Joaquin's parents died early; his aunt and uncle brought up the future artist. From 1878 to 1881, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Valencia.The large artistic heritage of Joaquin Sorolla includes about 2000 paintings and several large-scale panels created for the museum in the United States, which depict scenes of rural life in the provinces of Spain. The artist's works were awarded various awards in his homeland and in the USA, appreciated by critics and art lovers at Parisian salons. Sorolla was awarded the Medal of Honor and the Order of the Legion of Honor. After a major exhibition in Paris in 1906, where about 500 works of the artist were presented, Sorolla was promoted to the position of the officer of the Legion of Honor.

A Norwegian landscape painter, one of the most famous representatives of the Norwegian painting of the late XIX century.During his five-year stay in Paris, he came under the strong influence of Impressionism, which was especially combined with his own artistic style. The artist preferred to work in the open air, depicting the calm flow of rivers, the measured life of small towns and the unique snow-covered landscapes of Norway. Fritz Thaulow was actively engaged in promoting advanced art in his native country. He is one of the few Norwegian painters who received great fame and demand in life. Thaulow’s canvases can be seen not only in Norway, but also in the largest museums of the world.

A well-known representative of Italian Art Nouveau, one of its founders in his country. After the early death of his father, he began working at a workshop for the restoration of art objects of his uncle Dario. He studied painting and decorative art at the art school of Santa Croce in Florence. Until 1895, he also attended the workshops of Amedeo Buontempo and Augusto Burchi, artists who were known in those years in Florence. Galileo Chini was a universal personality - a theatrical decorator, designer, artist and ceramist, as well as a teacher of painting at the Academy of Arts in Florence and Rome. Being an artist of a European level, he participated in major international exhibitions in London, Brussels, Ghent and St. Petersburg, several times represented his works at the Venice Biennale. Chini was got an order to decorate large public and private buildings, and in 1911 he went to Siam to decorate the throne room of King Siam in Bangkok. The artist created scenery and sketches for costumes for Puccini's operas. Together with friends, he founded the company "Arta Della ceramics", which produced extremely high-quality and popular ceramic products, which allowed the artist to win world fame in the decorative art of Art Nouveau. The paintings of Galileo Chini were popular among his contemporaries. His decorative designs had a profound influence on the style of Italian Art Nouveau.

A Russian artist, master of domestic genre and landscape, member of the Association of the Wanderers, one of the founders of the Union of Russian Artists and a talented teacher.The central place among the narrative paintings was the leitmotif of the young peasant woman (the so-called “Arkhipov peasant women in red”), as well as landscapes depicting the expanses of the central Russian zone and the north.

A Russian landscape painter, a co-owner (along with his brothers) of Danilovskaya Manufactory.Attending only private lessons (that is, not having received any systematic special art education), he mastered the techniques of the Impressionists, giving them both his attitude and his manner of performance. The artist brought to the landscapes a share of lyricism and inner warmth, causing the reciprocal wave of benevolence of the viewer. The national theme is attractive in Mescherin’s paintings: most of them present the artist’s low-key beauty of Central Russian nature, which he understood and loved, according to N. Nekrasov, an author of many essays about the artists, “like a of a tender and devoted son”.

Giovanni Segantini was an outstanding Italian and Swiss master of landscape, portrait and plot paintings, who praised the Alps and their inhabitants in his works.Giovanni was the son of a poor street vendor Agostino Segantini; he early orphaned. In his youth, the artist lived in Milan with his half-sister, who made sure that the 7-year-old boy was deprived of his Austrian citizenship. All his life he lived without citizenship and the passport of any country.When he was alive, his paintings were already exhibited in Paris and Amsterdam, Milan and Vienna, St. Petersburg and other major art centers in Europe. However, the painter himself could not travel together with his paintings and could not study those masters whom he heard much about, because he never managed to obtain any citizenship and passport in his entire life.

A Belarusian and Polish landscape painter, graphic artist and designer, theater designer and book illustrator, as well as a publicist.Being a talented teacher, he was a professor at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw and at the Krakow Academy of Arts. He was a member of the Committee for the Restoration of the Vilnius University, a chairman of the commission for the protection of historical monuments, a member of the Art Association and a member of the “Sztuka” society (“Art”), which was organized by Polish artists of modernist orientation. He was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor (1921, France).A gymnasium in Lithuania and one of the streets of Minsk are named after Ferdinand Ruszczyc.

An English artist, an active member of the art group "New School".Percy Robert Craft was born into a wealthy family, received a good home education. In the 1870s, he studied painting at the Hetarli Art School and at the London School of Arts Slade.He directed the Newlyn Artists' Dramatic Society in Newlyn Artists, assisted Thomas Gotch in organizing the Newlyn Industrial Classes (classes of applied arts), where local teenagers were invited for training. He was the organizer and constant participant of expositions at the London Royal Academy of Arts, as well as at the newly formed Royal British Colonial Society of Artists.

An English Post-impressionist artist, one of the most significant representatives of the second wave of the art colony "Newlyn School".Samuel was born into a poor family, was the eldest son of ten children. Soon the family moved to Manchester. A twelve-year-old teenager went to work at the mill. However, his artistic talent was soon revealed.Known as the organizer of the colony "Lamorm", which became the successor to the school of Newlyn. In 1924, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Arts, and then a full member of the Academy (1932). Constantly participated in the exhibitions of the Royal Academy, where he showed over 200 canvases, as well as in the largest exhibitions of other galleries and museums in England and Europe. During his long creative career, Birch created several thousand paintings. Becoming a famous master, Birch responded to the requests of emerging artists and worked as a teacher, including in New Zealand.

A Russian and Soviet painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, master of stage set and stage costume.He was born into a family of Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky, a hereditary nobleman, a writer, translator and publisher. In the 1890's, he studied at the Kharkov Art School, visited the evening classes of the Imperial Stroganov School of Art and Industry. After that, he studied at the private academy of Julian in Paris.Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky was one of the founders and active participants of the art association "Knave of Diamonds" and its chairman from 1911. He was also a member of the progressive art associations "Union of Youth" (since 1911), "The World of Art" (with interruptions until 1922), "Genesis" (in 1926-1927). He was an academician and full member of the Academy of Arts of the country, a laureate of prestigious awards.

Synopsis.A famous Polish painter, graphic artist, master of arts and crafts, writer and playwright, a talented teacher.He was born into the family of a professional sculptor. After the death of his mother, he was brought up in the family of Stankevichs – the maternal line relatives, which gave Stanisław a good education. Despite the fact that Krakow was a provincial town of Austria-Hungary, it retained the best traditions of Polish culture, and the Stankevichs' house was constantly visited by people close to art. Here the future artist got acquainted with his mentor, famous painter Jan Matejko, who noticed the artistic talent of the boy.Stanisław Wyspianski played one of the leading roles in the cultural movement "Young Poland", being engaged in the revival and popularization of national culture. Critics even call him "the fourth Polish prophet" along with such outstanding cultural figures as Mickiewicz, Slovak and Krasinsky. The artist is known as the author of several monumental murals and mosaics in the churches of Lviv, Krakow and other cities. He was an active participant of the influential art community "Art" and the editor of the progressive magazine "Life", and his satire play "Wedding", mocking the shortcomings of contemporary Polish society, was very popular. Stanisław Wyspianski made a great contribution to the development of Polish art and national self-consciousness through his versatile creative work.

An American Post-impressionist painter of Swedish origin, Birger Sandzen is known as a talented landscape painter and graphic artist depicting the natural beauty of the American South-West.The father of the future artist was a priest, played the violin and wrote poetry; his mother studied drawing.In the creative heritage of the author, there are more than 30 thousand works made in the technique of oil painting, watercolors, lithographs, engravings and print. The artist was an active public figure: he organized the annual art exhibition of Midwestern art in Lindsborg and the Smokey Hill Art Club. He was a member of several influential art communities. The artist was awarded the prestigious Order of the Northern Star in his homeland and was an honorary doctor of the Midland Lutheran College, the University of Nebraska and Kanza State University. As a tribute to the contribution of Sandzen to the life of the Bethany College, founded by Swedish immigrants, the Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery was created at the school.

Olexander Murashko was an outstanding Ukrainian artist, a student and nephew of N. I. Murashko, the founder of the Kiev drawing school, a student of I. Repin and A. Azhbe.Born into the family of a talented woodcarver A. Murashko and Maria Krachkovskaya.Master of portrait and to a lesser extent landscape painting, who was at the forefront of the organization and the beginning of the functioning of the Art Academy of Ukraine. At the beginning of his career, he worked in a realistic style, close to the principles of the Wanderers, then - in the style of Impressionism. Synthesizing the basic attitudes of Impressionism in addressing the real and the search for modernists in Munich in the field of folk culture, Murashko created a unique style that did not look like any other in artistic Europe of the early 20th century.

A Norwegian Expressionist, graphic artist and illustrator. Nikolai Astrup was the founder of the Norwegian national landscape, who depicted the beauty of Western Norway in his own original and bright manner.The father of the future artist was a priest; he was appointed a vicar in the town of Yelster, where the whole family moved. Nikolai grew up in a picturesque area among mountains and forests; from childhood, he showed an interest in fine art. After graduating from high school in Trondheim, he returned home and began to teach reading and writing to his younger brothers and sisters. At this time, he began to draw a lot, although nowhere did he learn painting professionally. The artist's early works were mainly on religious themes.Having visited many European countries and trained in the best educational institutions in Paris, the artist retained deep affection and loyalty to his homeland. On his return home, he settled in the modest town of Yelster, where he lived his whole life, having a large family, farming and painting the views of nearby mountains, lakes and valleys. Despite the fact that after his death the artist's work was forgotten for some time, Nikolai Astrup is considered one of the greatest Norwegian artists of the early 1900s. His works are sold at prestigious auctions and are highly appreciated among collectors around the world.

A Greek Expressionist and graphic artist, one of the main reformers of Greek painting of the early 20th century.He was born into the family of famous painter Nikiforos Lytras. Since childhood, he demonstrated his ability for fine arts, painting under the guidance of his father. From 1902 to 1906, he studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts, where among his teachers was also George Yakovidis - a bright representative of the Munich School of Painting in Greece.Nikolaos Lytras was the son and pupil of famous academic artist Nikiforos Lytras. Despite the traditional views of his father, he not only worked in a progressive European style, but also promoted the spread of modern painting in his homeland. Together with his associates, he organized the art group "Association Art", which had an anti-academic orientation and brought fresh stream into the monotonous world of Greek painting. Being a professor at the Athens School of Fine Arts, Lytras conducted important reforms in the institution that gave impetus to the development of new painting in the country and had a great influence on the generation of young artists of Greece, starting in the 1930s.

An outstanding Ukrainian painter, public figure, one of the brightest figures of the fine art of the 20th century in Ukraine.The future artist was born into the family of an accountant. At the age of 17, he graduated from the commercial school in the town of Yuzovka (now Donetsk) and was soon drafted into the army of Denikin.Glushenko was a laureate of the State Prize of Shevchenko, had the title of the People's Artist of the USSR. From the artistic heritage, which according to various data is from 10 to 17 thousand works, the National Art Museum of Ukraine and the Dnepropetrovsk Art Museum own the largest collections. In 2017, in Sednev near Chernigov, the opening of a monument to the outstanding Ukrainian painter took place. As a teacher, Glushenko worked at the Kiev Art School; from 1939, he was a professor at the Moscow Art Institute. Living abroad, he was a scout; before the outbreak of World War II, he sent home a lot of useful information, which is documented in the relevant reports and the official characteristics of agent Janek (Glushenko).

A Russian artist, decorator, graphic artist, one of the bright and active founders of the Russian avant-garde in its several directions. He worked in the styles of late Impressionism and Fauvism, Primitivism and Futurism, Rayonism, Surrealism.The artist was born into a military paramedic's family. Mikhail liked to paint from childhood and often returned to Tiraspol for summer sketches.Larionov was the inventor and theorist of the style of "Rayonism", which was recognized in the history of the world culture and was a forerunner and an integral part of the non-objective art, but existed mainly in Russia. Bright organizational talent manifested itself in the organization of famous groups "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey's Tail". As a decorator and costume designer, he worked in many productions of S. Diaghilev's Russian Ballets.In Paris, Larionov appeared as a graphic artist and as an outstanding theater artist. His sketches for decorations and costumes became independent works and were included in collections of museums and private collections, like "Lady with a fan".Whatever Larionov created, his living art has an amazing ability not to leave the viewer indifferent.

Theodor Esbern Philipsen was a Danish artist who painted in the style of impressionism, worked with the genres of landscape and animal painting.Born into a Jewish merchant family in Copenhagen. From childhood, he loved to draw and to observe animals. Passion for art contributed to meeting the artist Hans Schmidt.The master created an individual art style that combines the special play of light, movement and colors of nature when depicting animals. Theodor Philipsen is considered the founder of innovative trends in his country, the forerunner of the works of artists known in the history of art "Funen school" (Denmark). The painter was awarded the Ekersberg Medal (awarded by the Danish Royal Academy of Fine Arts) and the Bertel Thorvaldsen Medal.

A Lithuanian landscape and portrait artist, a master of paintings and monumental paintings (frescoes), as well as a graphic master.Born into the family of rich farmer Stasis Kalpokas. The childhood of the future master was bright and happy.Kalpokas was one of the founders of the first Lithuanian artistic community (together with M. Čiurlionis, K. Sklereus, A. Zhmuidzinavičius) and was a member of it. He was actively engaged in teaching, worked as a professor at the Kaunas Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts (Lithuania) and wrote a textbook on painting techniques.

A Romanian Impressionist (landscape, portrait, still-life) and a master of monumental paintings, the creator of the Romanian school of painting of the early 20th century.Born into the family of major Dumitru Luchian, who lived after resigning in the Botosani district, Stefanesti village.S. Luchian became one of the initiators of the Ileana Society of the dissemination of artistic taste in Romania and was an active participant of it. At the same time, the society published a magazine with the same name, for which the artist wrote articles on art criticism. S. Luchian received a high award - the Medalia Bene Merenti medal of the 1st class (1909).In 1981, a feature film was made about the life of S. Luchian.

Vilhelms Kārlis Purvītis (also known as Vilhelms-Karl Egorovich Purvit) was one of the most famous Latvian landscape painters, as well as a master of graphic art.In the 1890s, he was a free visitor of the Petersburg Academy of Arts, worked at the class of painting; in 1896, he was enrolled in the landscape studio of Arkhip Kuindzhi.One of the founders (along with J. Rosenthals, J. Valter, A. Alksnis) of modern painting in Latvia, in particular, the school of landscape painting. Founder of the Latvian Academy of Arts, its first rector (1919-1934), who taught at the landscape class until 1941. Director of the Riga City Art Museum, organizer of many exhibitions in his country and abroad.Vilhelms Purvitis several thousand works during his life. However, most of the canvasses were destroyed in Jelgava during an air raid in 1944. Only about 150 paintings of the master have survived.

Walter Richard Sickert was an English artist and graphic artist, the main representative of a rather long for this country transition period from traditional painting to Impressionism, Art Nouveau and other innovative movements in the visual arts.Born into a Danish-Irish family. His father Oswald Sickert and his grandfather were professional artists.Walter created several paintings, which depict a famous serial killer called Jack the Ripper. Some researchers even suspected that the artist and the dangerous criminal are one person. However, these assumptions were not confirmed.Sickert initiated the creation of such groups of progressive artists as “Fitzroy Street” (1907), “Camden Town” (1911), within its framework “London” (1913). He was a full member of the Royal Academy of Arts, was elected the president of the Royal Society of British Artists.

An Impressionist artist and teacher, a member of the National Academy of Design, a chairman of the Society of American Artists.Born into the family of a successful merchant. From childhood, he was interested in painting, attending art classes of portrait painter Barton Hayes. His father planned to involve his son in the family business, but the young man was seriously interested in painting and decided to devote his life to it.William Merritt Chase developed his original style, becoming the ancestor of a new style in American painting. He was a member of the Impressionist group “Ten”, which was an alternative to the officially recognized art and promoted progressive trends in painting.He was known as a talented mentor, worked as a teacher of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts, founded his own art school.William Chase was a successful artist. His creations were recognized by critics and popular among the public; numerous students developed and continued the artistic traditions of the master, creating contemporary, avant-garde, modernist art.

Polish artist, outstanding painter and graphic artist Wojciech Weis is one of the key figures of Polish modernism. Wojciech began to study as an artist in Lviv. Then he attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at first as a free listener. Artist recognized and appreciated during his lifetime; he was a member of the Vienna Secession and the Society of Polish Artists, the professor and rector of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. The master had a huge influence on the development of Polish culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite all the titles and awards, Wojciech Weiss was in constant creative search, experimenting with a variety of techniques and trends in painting. The artist enriched Polish art with the latest European tendencies and contributed to the cultural rise of the country, which was called "Young Poland". The museum of the artist is opened in Krakow.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist, a painter and graphic artist who worked in Russia and France, a member of “The World of Art”, one of the first women who simultaneously entered the history of painting of Ukraine, Russia and France. Known for the portraits of outstanding people of her time, paintings on rural themes and monumental paintings.Zinaida was born into a family of prominent masters. Nikolai Benois, the grandfather of her mother, was a famous architect, her father Eugene Lansere, who died early, was a famous sculptor, her uncle, A. Benois, was an outstanding contemporary artist. After the death of the head of the family in 1886, the mother and six of her children moved to St. Petersburg, but they spent each summer at Neskuchnoye and Veseloye estates. The family visited the Hermitage and theaters, did not miss a single exhibition. All relatives were engaged in creative work and encouraged the studies of Zina, who had been painting since childhood. The choice of the portrait genre was prompted by communication with numerous relatives - bright masters (uncle A. Benois, brothers Lansere, etc.) and guests, such as K. Somov, A. Akhmatova, J. Annenkov. Later, in Paris, she painted S. Prokofiev, artist S. Ivanov, and others.Due to the tragically developing life (and political) circumstances, and also because of her very modestly shy and unpractical nature, Z. E. Serebryakova received deserved recognition only in the 1960s, when a number of exhibitions successfully took place in several cities of Russia. In France, the artist was rarely exhibited, but her magnificent portraits were popular. In the homeland of the artist in the village of Neskuchnoye near Kharkov, there are "Neskuchnoye plein-airs" of her name, and there is The Serebryakova’s Foundation created by her children Alexander and Catherine in France. Critics and connoisseurs characterized Serebryakova as an outstanding master of "European significance", but the voice of the artist, whose art was almost realistic, drowned in the noise around abstract arts and other new delights. In art history, however, there are terms "serebryakova’s painting" and " serebryakova’s portrait”. The canvases of the artist adorn the collections of the best museums of Europe, Ukraine and Russia.

A pointillist, graphic artist and sculptor. A bright representative of the Belgian painting of the late XIX century.Was born into a wealthy family. His elder brother, Octave van Rysselberghe, was a famous architect.Theo van Rysselberghe was a key figure in the development of avant-garde trends in Belgium and in maintaining cultural connections with France. He was one of the founders of the group "Les XX" ("Twenty"), which united innovators, who protested against outdated Academicism of that time and the limitations of art standards. Among the most prominent members of the association, there were James Ensor, Willie Finch, Fernand Knopff, and soon both Auguste Rodin and Paul Signac.The artistic heritage of Theo van Rysselberghe is extremely diverse. Among his works, you can find exotic paintings depicting the inhabitants of Morocco, numerous portraits, landscapes with sailboats and nude women.

Vilhelm Hammershøi was one of the most famous artists of Denmark, whose fame spread far beyond his motherland.He was born and raised in the family of well-to-do merchants. He was fond of painting from the age of eight and that was supported by his parents.Inspired by Whistler's painting, he painted portraits and landscapes in restrained tones, as well as half-empty and mysterious interiors that brought him fame. The artist traveled a lot, showing his paintings in major European cities, but preferred to work in his native Copenhagen. Together with his brother-in-law Peter Ilsted, he was a member of the "Free Exhibition", a progressive art society that united avant-garde artists in Denmark. Vilhelm Hammershoi was a successful artist, whose paintings were very popular and which were enthusiastically reviewed by such great artists as Renoir and Sargent. Hammershoi's paintings are often compared to the works of the famous classic painter Jan Vermeer, his contemporaries even called him "The Nordic Vermeer of Art Nouveau". The interiors of Hammershoi are indeed reminiscent of the work of the great Dutchman, as they convey an atmosphere of silence and tranquility in a similar manner.

An English Post-impressionist painter, who was one of the founders of the painters' colony of the Newlyn school in the port city of Cornwall.Walter was born into a poor family. At first, he studied at lithographer.He painted mostly narrative paintings from the ordinary life of the common people and genre portraits. Walter Langley was a member of two official societies in England - the Royal Artistic society and the Royal Aquarelle Artists. In 1895, the Uffizi Gallery (Florence), as a sign of merit, bestowed the artist special attention, ordering him a self-portrait for the Medici collection.

An American artist, portrait painter and interior painter, who was born and lived most of his life in Europe.Sargent was a talented portrait painter with world fame. Among his models, there are famous actors, writers, influential politicians and businessmen. Many of the artist's works were criticized and not accepted by society. However, over time, Sargent received widespread recognition. He became a member of the National Academy in New York, the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and was awarded the title of Knight of the Legion of Honor in Paris. Exhibitions of the artist took place in major museums in Europe and the USA. He became a worldly famous classical painter.Apart from painting, Sargent is known for his wall paintings. The frescoes of the Boston Public Library and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts were created by him at the turn of the XIX and ХX centuries.

A Polish painter, graphic artist, author of stained glass windows and mosaics, designer of fabrics, interiors and furniture, theater decorator, poster master, the leading art representative of “Mloda Polska” (“Young Poland”).Jozef Mehoffer is one of the founders of the community of Polish artists “Art”, which popularized modern avant-garde painting in the country. Mehoffer gained international fame thanks to the creation of stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Freiburg (Switzerland). In addition, the artist was a talented teacher. He was a professor, and later was a rector of the Krakow Academy of Arts; among the students of Mehoffer, there were many famous artists.

An outstanding Russian painter, portraitist and graphic artist, a singer of peasantry.The artist was born into a family of poor state peasants, who had many children. He started drawing early, copying icon-painting images at the age of four to five, later painted portraits of fellow villagers, sculpted figures from clay. He quickly learned to read and write from a retired sergeant major.The master of the peasant theme in a very temperamental and peculiarly variegated interpretation, Philip Malyavin became famous in Russia and abroad. The decorative-epic and very recognizable "Malyavinian" manner began with picture "Laughter", which became the diploma work of the graduate of the Academy and caused a scandal, and then was exhibited at the World Exhibition in 1900 in Paris, where it received "gold". Laughing peasant women in red, monstrously bright sarafans, put in the center against a background that is difficult to read, are performed pasty and with such a transfer of emotion that one cannot simply not smile. A member and participant of exhibitions of associations "World of Art", "Union of Russian Artists", the author of historically significant images of Lenin and his associates, painted from real life. As a talented portraitist, he left hundreds of paintings and drawings that convey the appearance of outstanding and significant personalities not only of Russia but also of Europe.

An English Post-impressionist artist, one of the major representatives and “leading figures” of the Newlyn School art group, a co-founder of the New English Art Club.Bramley received his education at the Lincoln School of Art and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. His teacher was a famous Belgian academic artist, Charles Verlat.The works of Frank Bramley were exhibited for almost 30 years (since 1884) at the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts and acquired by the best galleries in the UK.

A famous Swedish painter, graphic artist and sculptor, Zorn was a popular portrait painter. His paintings were ordered by famous politicians, artists and businessmen. The artist worked a lot with watercolor, enjoyed etching. Zorn's creations - portraits, landscapes and engravings – are full of strength and freshness, excellent air and light transmission, simplicity and, at the same time, special dignity and nobility. The artist had a great influence on the development of Russian art.

A famous artist, a brilliant representative of Danish Impressionism, and one of the founders of the colony of artists in Skagen. The colony made a significant contribution to the development of new art movements in the northern countries.Born into the family of a sales agent Jan Ancher and his wife Ellen Elizabeth Munch.Michael Ancher is known for his paintings of life and the hard work of fishermen and portraits of ordinary people. In the house where the painter lived with his wife, artist Anna Ancher, an artists club was organized, and then an art museum was founded, which still works.Michael Ancher, as well as Skagen’s representatives in general, had a great influence on the development of Danish art. Their strong influence is felt in all later avant-garde styles that developed in Denmark in the 20th century.

An Italian painter, sculptor, talented restorer and poet, who worked in America (New York) for some time.Dossena was born in the small village of Lodigiano in the Italian commune of Kevenego d'Adde, Lombardy. The boy was 12, when the father of a large and mostly minor family died. Together with the eldest 14-year-old brother, Giuseppe took care of his younger brothers and sisters. Only when they all got families, he was able to get married and do visual arts.The artist made a significant contribution to the development of such Italian art movements as Neo-impressionism and Expressionism. He was successful and recognized during his life, a member of several academies and creative associations, was awarded the prestigious awards of Italy and the United States in the field of art and literature.

A German artist, graphic illustrator and designer, master of monumental painting.He was born into the family of an influential Prussian statesman in the German city of Darmstadt. Since 1890, Hoffmann lived in Berlin as a free artist.Ludwig von Hoffmann was a member of avant-garde group "Eleven", an active participant of cultural movement "Berlin Secession" and the representative of "Neue Sachlichkeit" (new materiality), the artistic trend of the 1920s, the founder of the "New Weimar" movement. As a teacher, he worked at the art school in Weimar and at the Dresden Academy of Arts, where he directed a class of monumental painting. It was Hoffman who owned the ideas of the spiritual and practical revival of the postulate "art and life are in the context of each other."Among the admirers of the master's work, there were many famous people. for example: Austro-Hungarian Empress Elizabeth, writers Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Mann and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

A German artist and graphic artist of Jewish origin, one of the main representatives of Impressionism in Germany. He worked in the style of impressionism. Earlier periods of creativity are characterized by Realism with Elements of naturalism.Born into the family of wealthy Jewish industrialist Louis Lieberman.Max Lieberman became one of the founders of the Berlin Secession - the organization of artists who opposed themselves to officially recognized academic art. He bought paintings by Manet and Degas, wrote a number of articles in defense of Impressionism. In recent years, Liebermann served as the president of the Berlin Academy of Arts.

A German impressionist painter, one of the leading figures of art in Germany at the turn of the ХІХ and ХХ centuries.The artist's parents kept a farm and a leather workshop. In the years 1866-1873, he studied at the Kneiphof Grammar School in Konigsberg, living with his aunt. Lovis Corinth worked in the style of "German impressionism", subsequently reached the heights of Expressionism. The artist’s early works were created in the most naturalistic manner.He was a member of the Berlin Secession, later replaced Max Lieberman as a chairman. L. Corinth participated in social activities; his paintings were popular and best-selling. The work of the painter is a synthesis of Impressionism and Expressionism. Artist’s canvases were victims of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power, his paintings were declared “destructive”; they were confiscated from art salons and galleries; many talented works were destroyed.

A French self-taught artist, who began to work as an amateur after 18 years.He was born into a well-to-do family. The first who drew Max Maufra's attention to painting classes were his fellow countrymen, Nantes artists Charles Le Roux and brothers Alfred and Charles Leduc, who taught the boy the basics of painting.Most of his works are marines, including plot, fewer are landscapes, with urban or rural architecture in particular. He participated in many Parisian exhibitions, was awarded an honorary officer's title of "Fleet Artist". Impressionist paintings are included in the number of exhibits of the world's largest museums.

An American painter, a talented aquarellist, one of the first artists in the United States, who began to use separate areas of color characteristic of Post-impressionism in his painting.He was born into the family of a merchant. In 1868, the family moved to Boston, where the artist's childhood passed.Maurice Prendergast spent his life in constant travels between Europe and America, each time bringing new trends in painting and meeting new people in Paris. He was the first American to comprehend the importance of creativity of Paul Cézanne for the development of world art and put many efforts to introduce his works to his compatriots. The artist was a member of the group of American artists "Eight", and participated with them in the famous exhibition "Armory Show" in 1913. The seven watercolors that were shown there presented Prendergast as the central figure in American painting, probably the greatest of his generation.

A French artist, designer, stage designer and musician. Georges Valmier was a follower of the most advanced artistic trends of his time, from Impressionism to Cubism and abstraction.The artist closely cooperated with the modern theater, creating scenery and costumes for performances, and was also a successful designer, developing models of carpets, furniture and other household items. The artist made a great contribution to the development of Cubist and Abstract (non-figurative) art. He was, along with J. Arp, A. Glace and others, a member of the executive committee of "Abstraction-Creativity" group - the first association of abstract artists, which was of great importance for the development of European abstract painting. Valmier published his works in the regularly published and popular not only in Paris edition of the Bulletin of Modern Art, which in many respects influenced the formation of artistic views in society. Georges Valmier was an excellent musician, he performed many concerts with the works of Debussy, Ravel, Sati, and others, and even influenced composer A. Jolivet.At the end of his life, the artist devoted much time to the stage design and the creation of costumes for modern theater and ballet. The most fruitful was his collaboration with director Marinetti at the Italian "Theater of Art".Valmier's work had a significant influence on the development of non-figurative painting of the early twentieth century. First of all, this is a pure abstraction, in which there is not even a hint of real forms, as well as Pop-art, Neoplasticism and Dadaism.

An American painter and graphic of German origin.Alfred was born into the family of lithographer and realist artist Louis Maurer, an emigrant from Germany.Maurer's paintings were repeatedly praised in the world: the Salmagundi Club Prize (1900), the first prize at the Carnegie International Show (1901), the bronze medal at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, the Medal of the Exhibition in Liege (Belgium), the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Munich (1905). The New York Society of Independent Artists elected Maurer as its director in 1919. Today it is difficult to see A.H. Maurer's works in a museum or at an exhibition, as most of them are in private collections.

A French Impressionist painter, spouse of Felix Bracquemond, an artist and adherent of traditional style in painting.Marie was born into the family of a sea captain whose surname was Kuvoron. Having lost her own father early, Marie was raised by her stepfather - hence the double maiden name Kuvoron-Pascu. After the family moved to Etampes, a town at the south of Paris, Marie began to practice arts.Although less known than Morisot ​​and Cassatt, the artist made a significant contribution to the development of a new style in painting. Created the greatest number of paintings - portraits, often in combination with nature, as well as landscapes, interiors, still lifes.

A French artist, a representative of late Impressionism and a follower of Neo-impressionism (pointillism).Was born into the family of a railway employee who lived in Montparnasse.He is famous not only for his paintings, but also for graphic works, and book illustrations. Luce actively took part in different exhibitions, and also had an active life position: he founded Groupe de Lagny art group in Lagny together with L. Pissarro; was elected the vice-president, and then the president of the Society of Independent.The artist's works (more than 4 thousand paintings and 3 thousand drawings) are in the collections of many museums in the US and France, Spain and Germany, Italy, etc.

The biggest representative of Post-impressionism and partially Symbolism; however, his early works were created in the style of impressionism. He is considered the forerunner and one of the pioneers of the art of modernism (in the broad sense of this term) not only in painting, but also in sculpture and graphics.Gauguin began painting as an amateur in the 1870s. Soon he actively participated in exhibitions. He became worldly famous only after his demise. And at the end of the 20th century, biographical films about his life were created.

A French painter, portraitist, graphic artist and sculptor, a founder of the first modernist movement - Impressionism (along with Claude Monet, Frédéric Bazille, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro). He is deservedly considered the author of a sentimental portrait.

A Belgian Neo-impressionist, a member of "the society of Les XX” – the group of artists, designers and sculptors, whose goal was the development of new trends in art.He was born into the family of an architect in Scharbeck, near Brussels. Parents gave Georges Lemman an initial art education at the drawing school.The technique of pointillism was the closest to the artist; in this style Georges Lemmen worked during his greatest artistic period, leaving a beautiful artistic heritage and influencing the development of this art movement not only in Belgium.Thanks to the activities of “the society of Les XX”, Brussels at the end of the XIX century turned into one of the world centers of modern art. Georges Lemmen is known more as a Neo-impressionist, but also made a significant contribution to the development of the Belgian Art Nouveau. He created a large number of book illustrations, posters, graphic works, ceramics, textiles and interior items in this style.

One of the founders of Impressionism (although less well-known than his famous colleagues).Having lived only 29 years, the artist created more than 50 bright paintings and expressive, memorable portraits. His paintings are distinguished by their freshness, inspiration and dynamism inherent in youth.

A Russian painter, teacher, writer and set designer, a brother of artist Sergey Korovin. He painted still lifes, portraits. Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin is best known as a landscape painter, a master of open-air painting and a theater artist. Starting with Realism of his itinerant teachers («peredvizhniks»), he worked in the style of impressionism in the future.

French painter, a bright representative of the new art, which influenced the emergence and development of such a modernist trend as Cubism. Cezanne is also called the primitive artist in the new painting.The future artist was born in a well-to-do family of a pawnbroker, and then a big banker, Louis Auguste Cezanne. In his youth, Paul was interested in art and literature. He received a good education, excelling in exact sciences and languages. Thanks to the excellent memory, he could memorize whole works of the classics.During his life, Cezanne created over 800 oil paintings, as well as a number of watercolor works. Some of them were destroyed by the artist himself.

A French painter, graphic artist and designer, who entered the history of fine art as one of the brightest colorists of the late 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries.The artist was born into the family of a high-ranking official. Received a legal education, on which his parents insisted. Then he received an art education.Bonnard belongs to the second generation of French Impressionists. Together with J. Vuillard, P. Serusier and M. Denis, Bonnard organized the famous group of artists named "Nabis", whose members, admiring the art of Japanese engraving, sought to simplify painting, working with planes of pure color and avoiding the randomness inherent in the first wave of Impressionism. At the end of his life, Pierre Bonnard departed from the fundamental principles of "Nabis" and turned to more saturated color combinations, creating exquisite colorful compositions. The artist painted landscapes, still lifes, interiors in an easy impressionistic manner.

French painter, graphic artist and designer, a vivid representative of Fauvism and Cubism. Raul was born into a large family. His father and brothers were fond of music and theater. The artist is known for his light and joyful canvases depicting rest and holidays. In addition to painting, Raoul Dufy was engaged in illustrations and graphics and showed himself as a talented designer of fabrics, which was very popular and dictated fashion to all of Paris. The artist was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor, his solo exhibitions were held in Paris, Prague, Zurich, Brussels, New York. He received many large orders, including a huge wall painting devoted to the history of the emergence of electricity for the Paris International Exhibition of 1937.

Felix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss and French artist and graphic artist, illustrator and master of engraving, who joined the Nabis group (translated from the Hebrew "Prophets") when the groups work was in full bloom.He was born in Swiss Lausanne into the family of notary Protestant Arman Adrien Vallotton and Louise Roseng, the daughter of a baker.Wood engravings (woodcut) in the masterful performance of Vallotton were very widely known. A diversely gifted artist worked in the genres of landscape and still life, interior and portrait, created a series of "nu", close in style to Art Nouveau, and also wrote several novels and plays.In 1927, in the homeland of the artist (during his lifetime, he was not much appreciated there), large commemorative exhibitions were held (Lausanne, Bern), and, in the exposition of 1938 in Zurich, the organizers presented almost 350 works by an outstanding master.

A French painter, graphic artist, talented teacher, art critic and writer.His talent, that manifested itself from the time when the artist was young helped him enter the Academy of Fine Arts in his hometown. Here, Metzinger studied the basics of academic art from talented, though not very well-known portraitist Ippolit Turton. However, very soon he began to show his interest in various avant-garde painting trends in particular, Neo-impressionism.Jean Metzinger was the leading theoretician of Cubism, who became known for his treatise titled "On Cubism", written in collaboration with Albert Gleizes. In 1912, the artist was among the founders of the group "Golden Section" - a branch of the Paris School, which consisted of leading Cubist artists and other followers of abstract art. The first show of this group at the exhibition "Salon of Independent" in 1911 caused a great resonance in society. Thanks to the articles on art, teaching activity, and bright individual style, Jean Metzinger became one of the important figures of Abstract art of the early 20th century, and made a great contribution to its distribution throughout Europe and the USA.

An outstanding French artist, Neo- and Post-impressionist, a master of landscape painting.Gustave was born into the family of a meat shop owner. As a child, he received his first lessons from his family friend who was a decorator. He helped him master the traditional methods of drawing and composition.G. Loiseau used and developed several innovative techniques at once, combining them in his own original style. He brought a more gentle touch to the depicted nature into Post-impressionism, which makes his work unique.

An outstanding Belgian artist and draftsman, who created his works primarily in the styles of impressionism, including luminism, and expressionism. He worked in the genres of landscape, rural subjects, carnival and circus scenes, still life, nude, and also performed wood engravings.Born into the family of painter J. F. de Smet. At first, he learned painting from his father, creating decorative panels, signs, frescoes for theaters, shops, hotels and country houses with his brother Leon.Gustave de Smet was an active member of the Lateme School (the second Expressionist wave), which had a particularly powerful impact on the development of all contemporary painting in Belgium. He was also an active member of Le Groupe des IX (The Group of Nine), an influential art community in Antwerp and the Centaur group in Brussels.

A Post-impressionist artist, the creator of the original painting method called "divisionism", or "pointillism", the founder of Neo-impressionism.Georges was born in the family of a bailiff. He began to paint from early childhood. Visited art schools, but preferred to study by himself.The style and scientific concept of Georges-Pierre Seurat became an artistic revolution that has breathed life into Impressionism, which had already begun to lose its popularity. One decade was enough for Seurat to remain a synonym for innovation in the history of art, and also a synonym for self-denial in the name of the idea. Becoming a logical continuation of Impressionism, the non-standard technique created by him revealed a new branch of modernist trends - Neo-impressionism.

An Irish artist and writer, considered the biggest English painter of the XX century.Jack Butler Yeats was the youngest son of a painter John Butler Yeats. His elder brother William became a poet and Nobel laureate. The childhood of the future artist passed on the East of Ireland in the county of Sligo. He learnt the basics of fine arts from his father.During his lifetime, Jack Yeats was recognized and famous as a master of landscape and plot painting, a book illustrator, creator of graphics, including caricature. The most amazing fact of his biography may be considered his victory at Olympic games in France in 1924, when painting, like sculpture and architecture, was an Olympic category. J. Yeats remains a popular master – in 2011, the painting “A Just Day. Mayo" (1925) was sold for one million euros.

An Estonian Impressionist artist, known as a landscape painter and portrait painter, who made a significant contribution to the development of painting in Estonia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.Paul was born into the family of a field buster. He had a twin brother, Christian, also subsequently a famous artist and founder of the Estonian National Museum.Being the first painter to return to his homeland after graduating from the Academy and a talented teacher, he became the most influential and weighty figure in Estonian art. In addition to genre and landscape paintings, ethnographically accurate original portraits of simple people, he painted so-called “ceremonial” or “armchair” portraits in the academic style to order.

An outstanding German painter, the founder of Expressionism.Born into the family of professional landscape painter Wilhelm Marc. His mother, a strict Calvinist, was from the French Switzerland - it was her, rather severe upbringing that made the boy serious and thoughtful.The Expressionist movement became so famous because of its interest in the spirituality of the Symbolists, and also due to the harmonious combination of Primitivism, Fauvism and the vector into the flourishing abstraction. Franz Mark included all these styles in his painting style, adding love to theology and to the animal world. To create an alternative, more spiritual vision of the world, he depicted it through the view of animals that emphasized those aspects of modernity that he considered unfavorable. It is also important that his later works moved into almost pure abstraction.He was an active participant and the main organizer of the Munich Artistic Union of artists-innovators "Blue Horseman", created the almanac of the same name. A number of world avant-garde movements of the 20th century considered the work of this artist, who died on the fronts of the First World War, their predecessor. The museum of Franz Marc works in the Bavarian Kochel am See.

A French artist, one of the most powerful colorists of avant-garde painting.Born into a bourgeois family. Soon his father died, and his mother brought up Henri and his sister alone.Henri Manguin was a member of the group of the Fauves, headed by Henri Matisse and was a close friend of pointillist Paul Signac. He participated in many exhibitions of contemporary art, including the famous Autumn salon in 1905, where Fauves first announced themselves with the help of bright colors and expressive emotions of their paintings. The artist was engaged in teaching, as the head of the painting department at the Ranson Academy. Once in the city of Saint-Tropez, Manguin fell in love with the southern nature forever, its lush colors and sunny atmosphere, he even left Paris to settle there.

Henri Edmond Cross (Henri Edmond Delacroix) was a French painter and graphic artist, a brilliant representative of Neo-impressionism, a talented watercolorist and marine painter.The artist’s childhood passed in the city of Lille. The talent of Henri Delacroix manifested itself very early; so, his relatives sent him to learn painting from famous artist Carolus-Durand.Together with J. Seurat and P. Signac, Henri Cross founded the Independent Society in Paris - an association of artists whose works were not accepted by the jury of the official Art Salon and who exhibited their paintings separately. Later the painter was elected as a Vice President. The work of Cross, at first realistic, is transformed into a brighter, more colorful and full of light under the influence of Impressionism. Following the method of like-minded people Seurat and Signac, he completed it with individual features and his own subjects.

A French painter and master of monumental paintings, who worked in several art styles.Lebasque is known as "the artist of joy and light" for his lyrical canvas full of harmony. He belonged to the circle of Henri Matisse and founded with him the independent Autumn Salon, which exhibited the works of the most progressive artists and sculptors. Henri Lebasque exhibited his works along with Fauvists at the famous Autumn Salon in 1905, where their work was called rampant and "wild" because of the defiantly bright colors. The artist created a large number of landscapes, portraits, scenes in the interior with nudity. The internal design of the Parisian theater on the Champs Elysees and transatlantic liners also belong to the brush of Henri Lebasque.

A post-impressionist and, for the most part, a marine painter, one of the members of the Pont-Avene school, a follower of Paul Gauguin, famous for his landscapes of coastal Brittany, made in rich and saturated colors. Henry Moret was an active and hardworking artist. He not only created a large number of paintings, but also united around him a number of painters who worked in Brittany after the departure of Gauguin. Moret’s works were repeatedly exhibited at the Salon of Independent and he was an active participant in the Autumn Salon. Thanks to his acquaintance with the owner of the gallery, famous artist and collector Durand-Ruelle, he held solo exhibitions in Paris and New York.

A French and American artist, designer, graphic illustrator, poet and publicist, who had Cuban citizenship.The artist's father was a Cuban attaché; his mother was a Frenchwoman. Financially secured Picabia studied with Fernand Cormon and other well-known teachers at the School of Applied Arts. After graduation, the artist worked at the studio of Cormon with his classmates Georges Braque and Marie Laurencin for the next four years.Francis Picabia became famous as an eccentric artist who does not obey any rules and stylistic dogmas in his work. He was called "Papa Dada", since he was the largest figure of the Dada movement in the United States and France, and the editor of the avant-garde magazine "391", where the works of artists of this movement were published. Together with his friend and companion Marcel Duchamp, Picabia had a great influence on contemporary art, in particular, on Surrealism and conceptualism. The main galleries of contemporary art in the world still actively acquire the master's paintings.

A French artist, graphic artist, illustrator and ceramist.He was born into the family of the owners of a factory. Studied at an Art School in Lyon, where he attended drawing and painting lessons of Tony Tolle.Jean Puy was an active supporter of Fauvism and took part in the Autumn Salon of 1905, where this movement headed by Matisse, first manifested itself. He was a well-known and recognized master, admired by the poets Apollinaire, Carco and Klingsor, and critics Alexander, Kokyo and Moryes always devoted the artist enthusiastic articles. Jean Puy took part in exhibitions around the world, illustrated popular publications and signed a long-term contract with well-known art dealer A. Vollard to buy his works.

Henri-Achille-Emile-Othon-Friesz was a French painter, graphic designer and decorator, a talented teacher, the founder of the private school of painting in Paris.His father and grandfather were both seamen and wanted Emille to devote himself to the family business. The boy began to show his artistic ability at an early age, and his parents sent him to the School of Fine Arts in his hometown. There he got acquainted and made friends with Fauvist Raoul Dufy.Othon Friesz was a member of the Fauvist group, headed by Henri Matisse and is rightly considered one of the brightest representatives of this art movement. In 1906, the artist became one of the founders of The Circle of Contemporary Art - the association of artists, admirers of Le Havre and took an active part in art exhibitions around the world. His contemporaries appreciated the art of Friesz, his paintings were popular with the public and evoked positive reviews of colleagues; in 1933, and the artist was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor.

A Russian and Soviet painter, still-life master, landscape painter and portraitist, one of the founding members of the exhibition and art association "Jack of Diamonds", a member of the Society of Moscow Artists.Ilya was born into the family of "state peasants" engaged in petty trade. He was the oldest of nine children and had to start working at the age of 11.He worked in the styles of post-impressionism, fauvism, neo-primitivism, in the late period – in the style of postmodernism ("socialist realism").He was a member of the movement "The World of Art" (since 1916), the creative group "Moscow painters" (since 1925), and became an active member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia in 1924-1928. The fame of I. I. Mashkov spread beyond the European continent, since from 1924 works were exhibited in America, Venice, London. Vienna and Paris. He was awarded the title of Honored Art Worker of Russia in 1928, was awarded a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Paris in the late 1930s, received a bronze medal "For Outstanding Contribution to the World Art" in New York.

An outstanding Romanian artist, graphic artist and illustrator of Jewish origin.The childhood of the future master was held in the city of Ploiesti. There he received a secondary education. Since from an early age, Joseph loved to draw and had a talent for this, he started working as a window dresser and poster designer.One of the most prolific painters of Romania of the 20th century, who achieved fame in Europe, worked in all genres, painting many portraits, including nudes, landscapes of his country, France and Spain, interior and genre scenes, still lifes. The expressionist artist who became a founding member of the association “Arta” (“Art”) that received the title of “People’s”, played a major role in shaping and promoting contemporary visual art in Romania.

Adalbert Mikhailovich Erdeli was a Ukrainian painter and graphic artist, writer, public figure, teacher.Born into the family of village teacher Mikhail Gryts in the Austro-Hungarian village of Kelemenfolvo, now it is Klimovitsa in the Irshavsky district of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. He had to change his surname in 1901 as a subject of Hungary. Having discovered the talent of his son, his father took care of his education.Adalbert Erdeli was not only one of the founders of the Transcarpathian art school, but also the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian art of the 20th century in general. He was the founder, member and organizer of the Transcarpathian Union of Artists of Ukraine and its first chairman, and also became the first director of the newly opened Uzhgorod Art and Industrial School, where he taught until 1952. In Uzhhorod, a double monument to A. Erdeli and I. Bokshayu, the founding artists of the Transcarpathian school, was created; the Uzhhorod College of Arts at the Transcarpathian Art Institute was named after Erdeli.

An outstanding Russian painter and draftsman, who worked in the genres of portrait, everyday and plot pictures, theatrical scenery.He was born into the family of a professor of a theological seminary. At an early age his father passed away when Boris was younger than two. Him and his three siblings were raised by a his mother on a small pension, she also gave music lessons and sewed. After graduating from the parish school, he studied at the gymnasium, where he got addicted to drawing. In 1887, when the 15th exhibition of Peredvizhniki artists was opened in Astrakhan, Boris, while watching paintings with admiration, decided to become an artist. His mother, despite the fact that she was poor, supported the aspiration of her son.He was an academician of painting, a member of all the progressive communities of St. Petersburg, created in the early 20th century, but at the same time stood apart from them due to his unique talent. A self-portrait of the artist was placed in the prestigious Florentine Uffizi Gallery, and his House-Museum was opened in Astrakhan. The demand for Kustodiev's art does not diminish - in 2012, the painting "The Cabman" from the collection of P. Kapitza sold for 4.4 million pounds sterling.

An English Post-impressionist painter and engraver, an outstanding portraitist of Britain of the early XX century. Augustus was born into the family of a lawyer. He studied at the Slade School of Fine Arts in London, together with his older sister Gwendolin Mary John and future famous artist William Orpen. He painted the portraits of B. Shaw, D. Thomas, T. E. Lawrence, T. Hardy and other equally famous people. From 1903, the artist was a participant and one of the leading members of the "New English Art Club", which popularized contemporary art in England. John also worked as a teacher, leading the painting class at the School of Arts at the University of Liverpool, and later organized a private art school. He was elected a corresponding member, and later was an academician of the Royal Academy of Arts. He was a president of the Royal Society of Painters-Portraitists for five years.

Arthur Merrick Bloomfield Boyd was one of the most significant artists of Australia of the 20th century, a painter, ceramist, sculptor, engraver who has worked in England for more than 10 years.Born into the family of artists, in the suburb of Melbourne, Murrambine. His father was a sculptor and a ceramist and his mother was a painter; both older brothers became artists: David became a painter, Guy was a sculptor. Arthur left his school at age 14 to devote himself to painting.The work of A. Boyd, based on his outstanding talent and powerful, though somewhat gloomy imagination, played a big role in the development of the newest art of his country. He was one of the first artists to raise important social themes in painting. He was recognized during his lifetime and awarded many prizes and orders. He donated the vast territory of his estate and most of the paintings to the Australian people.The series of paintings created by Boyd and his very life are an integral part of the history of Australia, and not just its culture.

A French painter and graphic artist, a master of landscape.Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin was born into a simple family of workers. In the same year, his family moved to Moulins, where the artist lived until the age of 16.Armand was one of the founders of French Impressionism; he exhibited his works at the Salon des Refuses, along with Monet, Cezanne and Pissarro. He first drew attention to the emerging Neo-impressionism, and even joined the new movement himself for a while. Guillaumin is not as well known to the general public as his eminent comrades; however, his creative legacy is no less remarkable and marvelous in its own way.

August Robert Ludwig Macke was a German innovative artist, one of the leaders of Expressionist group “The Blue Rider”, the author of program works published in the almanac of the same name under the auspices of the association.He was the youngest of three children of successful civil engineer Friedrich Macke and Maria Florentina, who came from a peasant family. Soon after the birth of their son, the family moved to Cologne, and then to Bonn, where the boy entered a real gymnasium, and his parents organized a boarding school. August’s father painted landscapes, collected ancient engravings and coins - so the fascination with painting was not accidental. The first watercolors of the young man are dated 1902 year.

A Belgian artist of French origin, a master of landscape and Symbolist.He was born into the family of French aristocrats. Since childhood, he was fond of music and painting, but did not receive any professional art education. In 1870, the artist's family moved to Belgium.

A Belgian and French artist, collector and patron. A bright representative of the innovative, at that time movement "neo-impressionism" she was the only woman in the Belgian avant-garde of fine arts.Born into the family of faience manufacturer Victor Boch, a co-owner of the industrial and trading company Villeroy & Boch. She was the eldest sister of painter Eugène Boch. Their parents were fond of art, and in the summer the family traveled to the Belgian coast, where Anna started drawing at an early age. From her teachers, Anna learned many styles, including Realism and Academicism. However, the main popular styles in her work were Impressionism, Neo-impressionism and to a lesser extent Post-impressionism.

A Russian painter, who worked in Germany and Switzerland.Alexej was the fifth of eight children born into the family of a colonel in the Russian army. In the 1980s, he served as an officer in the imperial army. At the same time, he was a student of Ilya Repin, working in his workshop at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.He was a founding member of the association of Munich Expressionist artists "New Art Society" (Neue Künster Vereinigung), the group "Blue Horseman" ("Der Blaue Reiter"); starting in 1925, he was a member of the Blue Four ("Die Blauen Vier") - an association that actively collaborated with German and American art galleries and art dealers.

A bright representative of new trends in the visual arts of the late nineteenth century.The artist's father was a wealthy man, the owner of a store. Received a comprehensive education, but did not paint professionally.Together with J. Seurat, Paul Signac was at the forefront of Neo-impressionism, and his study “From Eugene Delacroix to Neo-impressionism” became a peculiar manifesto of the new movement. An active social activist, Signac was president of the Salon of Independent and received recognition during his lifetime. His paintings were popular and participated in various exhibitions. In 1911, the artist received a prestigious award - the Order of the Legion of Honor.

An Austrian painter and graphic artist, one of the most prominent representatives of Expressionism.Egon's father was a railway worker. From childhood, the boy was fond of drawing, depicting railway tracks, stations and the surrounding areas of ​​his native town. In 1904, the family moved to the outskirts of Vienna, where his father soon died. After his death, his uncle, Leopold Chihachek, brought up Egon.The powerful images of Egon Schiele that destroyed the idea of ​​traditional beauty made him one of the most famous artists of the early twentieth century. In addition to the emotional portraits of stunning emotional emotion, Schiele is famous as an extraordinary person. By his extremely frank works and independent lifestyle, he challenged society and became almost as famous as his outstanding teacher Gustav Klimt. Only the tragic early death, interrupting his creative path, prevented Egon Schiele from becoming the most prominent contemporary artist and making a revolution in European art.

The most famous Belgian artist of the twentieth century, known for his mysterious and inexplicable canvases, made in an original surreal style. At the age of fourteen, Rene Magritte suffered a severe mental trauma - the suicide of his mother, which left an imprint on his entire work. Of great importance to the artist was his friendship with European Surrealists, in particular with Andre Breton and poet Edward James, who was a close friend and patron of Magritte.The artist was calm and undemanding. While his fellow Surrealists flaunted their lives, shocking the audience and attracting their attention, Magritte lived in solitude, earning his living by creating advertisements and illustrations for newspapers and magazines. This work was reflected in his art, in which the influence of advertising and poster art is noticeable.In each picture of the painter, which at first glance seems like a meaningless set of objects, there is a hidden deep meaning and secret subtext addressed to the human subconscious. The central character of the work often became a mysterious man in a bowler hat, the prototype of which many consider Magritte himself. The artist never explained the meaning of his paintings, leaving the viewer with many questions and guesses about the true meaning of the things depicted in his paintings.

Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Dutch artist who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. The founder and leader of “De Stijl” (“Style”), a Dutch artistic movement also known as Neoplasticism. As a poet he wrote under the pseudonym I. K. Bonset, and as a philosopher – the pseudonym Aldo Kamini.Van Doesburg was an architect by profession; he learned painting on his own. The artist created his works after long and careful calculation, using mathematical formulas. According to the theory of “Style”, compositions were to be constructed in accordance with the proportional relations between the geometric fragments that are included in their composition.

Artist and art theoretician. He was the pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematist movement and Cubo-Futurism.Malevich created his first oil painting at the age of 16. It was named “Moonlit Night”. In his paintings, he tried to combine the principles of Cubism, Futurism and Expressionism. He was also interested in aerial photography and aviation, which led him to abstractions inspired by aerial landscapes.

Mondrian was one of the pioneers of 20th century abstract art. He changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, which was eventually reduced to simple geometric elements.

An artist, sculptor and theorist of fine art, one of the central figures of Italian Futurism. Together with Gino Severini, he learned the technique of pointillism from Giacomo Balla and became one of the authors of the Futurism Manifesto in 1910.Umberto Boccioni was the most active participant and propagandist of the movement, its theorist and practitioner. Boccioni made the most significant contribution to the art as a sculptor. He was the first to create futuristic sculptures and wrote a work entitled “Technical manifesto of futuristic sculpture”.Like many of his contemporaries, the artist admired technology, speed, scientific progress and everything that represented the triumph of mankind over nature. Boccioni's works vividly demonstrate the main finds of Futurists - the image of the dynamics and construction of objects using the “line-force” and the principle of “simultaneity”, in which a moving object is presented in the form of several repeating elements of different moments of motion.Umberto Boccioni died early while serving in the army. However, despite that, his name entered the history of modern art forever. The artist’s works are considered the best examples of Italian avant-garde art, and the statue “Unique forms of continuity in space” is rightfully called one of the iconic sculptures of the twentieth century.

The founder of European Futurism and one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century in Italy. The main thing in his painting is the sense of movement, which the artist tried to convey first with the help of pointillism invented by Georges Seurat, and later with his own methods and finds in art.Giacomo Balla became the author of the first paintings depicting various objects in dynamics; his deep knowledge of the art of photography helped him. The artist shared his discoveries with his students Umberto Boccioni and Gino Severini, with whom he proclaimed the manifesto of Futurism in 1910.Balla’s paintings entered the history of fine art as the first attempts to reproduce the dynamics of real life. Based on his work, the first animated films were created. The decomposition of objects, which the artist himself called "moving light", opened a direct path to non-point forms leading to complete abstraction.The post-war creations of the artist were close to abstraction; they became less rapid but more saturated in colour. Balla also became one of the founders of "aero painting" - a short-term movement in the visual arts, the purpose of which was to reflect the feeling of fly and weightlessness.In addition to the works of fine art, the painter created futuristic sculptures, theatrical scenery and costumes, as well as various design objects. His work served as the basis for the development of Abstract art.

Major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker, sculptor, and founder of Cubism (together with Pablo Picasso).Braque came from a family of artisans. He grew up in Le Havre and studied as a painter and decorator, like his father and grandfather. However, he also seriously studied painting in the evenings at the School of Fine Arts. The artist’s early works were impressionistic. After viewing an exhibition of the works by Fauves in 1905, the painter adopted their style. Shiny red, white, yellow and orange colours prevailed in his works.

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish and French artist, sculptor, graphic artist, theater artist, ceramicist and designer. He was the founder of Cubism (together with Georges Braque and Juan Gris), in which the three-dimensional body was drawn in an original manner - as a series of superimposed planes. Also, it is known that his paintings hold first place in “popularity” among thieves.

Norwegian painter, art theorist, graphic and theatre artist. One of the first representatives of Expressionism and Symbolism, and one whose work influenced modern art. In Europe, he was recognized as the creator of a new era. One of his best-known works is “The Scream” of 1893, a mysterious picture filled with horror and panic.

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was a French artist, draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor. He was the leader of the Fauvism movement and is known for both his use of color and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. Apart from Fauvism, he worked in other genres such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and Cubism.

Serov was a Russian painter, graphic artist, author of several hundred portraits and historical canvases, landscape painter, animal painter and a talented teacher. He worked at different times in various styles – from Realism and Naturalism to Impressionism, and from Neoclassicism and Symbolism to Modernism.

French artist Berthe Morisot, although not a key figure in the formation of Impressionism, played an important role in its development. She was the wife of Edouard Manet’s brother. A student of the most recognized master Camille Corot, she was a progressive artist and achieved stunning heights in arts, especially in painting portraits. Morisot’s paintings are a vivid example of lyricism, femininity and, at the same time, the resilience and courage of the innovator.

Alfred Sisley is a key representative of French Impressionism, whose talent was primarily manifested in landscapes. Together with like-minded people, he organized the Impressionist community, participated in all the first exhibitions and “Plein airs”. He did not become as successful, famous and popular as Monet and Renoir. Many of his works were lost during the Franco-Prussian War when the artist was forced to flee Paris and leave all his belongings behind.

Mary Stevenson Cassatt was an American Impressionist. The main subjects of her works are the social and personal lives of women and motherhood.She started her creative career with works in the classical style but later joined the Impressionists. The primary mentor and close friend of the artist was Edgar Degas. A unique lyricism and naturalness distinguish the works of Mary Cassatt. Despite the positive mood of all her paintings, Mary Cassatt’s life was not so carefree. Unsupported by her father, she was unrecognised in the United States.

Edgar Degas was a French painter and one of the brightest representatives of the Impressionist movement. When he was young, his father prophesied the career of a lawyer. However, Degas was more interested in arts and admired the painting. The young artist was born into a rich aristocratic family and therefore could devote all his time to the arts without having to worry about money.

Camille Pissarro was a French painter and graphic artist, one of the four first representatives of Impressionism. He painted landscapes, still lifes and portraits. He also worked in the styles of Divisionism (Pointillism) and Post-Impressionism.

Claude Monet was the founder of French Impressionist painting.At the age of fifteen, Monet was known as a French cartoonist. In his school years, he liked to depict his teachers in an irreverent manner. Soon, many Parisians asked him to paint caricatures of certain people.

French painter Édouard Manet was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is now among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He created about 2,100 artworks, including landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits.

A French landscape painter, draftsman, consistent adherent of Impressionism and Post-impressionism. Being the representative of the Rouen school of painting, Albert-Charles Lebourg wrote landscapes of his native places, as well as the suburbs of Paris.

In terms of technique, the urban landscape of the artist’s early period is closest to Impressionism, which Edward Hopper admired so much that he called himself an impressionist even in the 1960s.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Bowers Museum, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Museum of San Diego, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Simferopol Art Museum (Ukraine).

The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Donetsk Regional Art Museum (Ukraine).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: pastel, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, Hugh Lane, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of St. Petersburg avant-garde (Russia).

Location: Ricci Oddi Art Gallery, Piacenza, Italy.

Location: National Gallery of Art, Washington, the USA.

Mediums: oil, tempera, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: pastel, watercolor, paper. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, tempera, canvas. Location: Saratov State Radischev Art Museum, Russia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Location: Museum of the Art Institute of Manson-Williams-Proctor, New York, the USA.

Location: Smithsonian Museum of American Art, the USA.

Mediums: oil, panel. Location: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.