Art Nouveau

A French Catalan-born sculptor, master of tapestry, painter and book illustrator. He was a member of the Nabis group created by Paul Gauguin's followers, although he did not use their sculpting techniques.Maillol appeared in the second and main period of his creative career as one of the most original sculptors and is considered an author who made a revolutionary "return" to classical sculpture at a time when art had a vector of movement towards Abstractionism. He strove for harmony, proportionality, simplification of visual forms, gravitating towards grandeur at the end of the 19th century.Some also catalog him as the forerunner of such sculptors as Henry Moore (blog entry made on November 15, 2009). Although, if we delve into his biography, we will know him as a versatile artist who dominated all disciplines, although he finally found a way to his style in sculpture.Thanks to the efforts of a friend and muse of the master, Dina Verni, who throughout her life was engaged in propaganda of the work of Aristide Maillol, in 1995, the museum of the sculptor, master of decorative and applied art and painter was opened in Paris. She presented 18 sculptures to the French people on condition that they will be permanently exhibited in the Tuileries Gardens.Aristide Maillol's humanistic in essence and execution art had a huge impact on the work of many of the largest sculptors of the 20th century.

An outstanding Russian sculptor and graphic artist, who had earned the glory of “Russian Rodin” even before the revolution. Sergey Konenkov was a master of monumental compositions, portrait and plot genres, masterfully worked in wood, using folk carving techniques. As a portrait painter, he created a whole gallery of images of his contemporaries (F. Chaliapin, M. Gorky, S. Rachmaninov, A. Dovzhenko, K. Tsiolkovsky, V. Mayakovsky, S. Yesenin), compatriot writers (I. Turgenev, F. Dostoevsky, L. Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin). His outstanding monuments to A.S. Pushkin, V.I. Surikov and others are also known.Sergey Timofeevich lived and worked in the United States of America for more than 20 years, mainly in New York. To order of the Princeton University Administration, in 1935, he created a bust of the great scientist Albert Einstein, with whom he was friends; later he created Einstein’s full-length sculpture.During the war, the sculptor was an active member of the American Committee for Russian Assistance. In 1945, a ship was chartered for Konenkov and his works by order of Stalin.The sculptor, who became a full member of the Academy of Arts in the pre-revolutionary 1916, after returning to his homeland, became an academician, People's Artist of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, and an honorary citizen of the city of Smolensk and laureate of state prizes.The sculptures and drawings of the master are in the leading museums of Russia, in several museums and government agencies in the United States and other countries of the world. Works are constantly exhibited at the memorial Moscow House Museum “Creative Workshop of Konenkov”, and the Smolensk Museum of Sculpture opened at the insistence of the artist, who gave a large collection of works to his native city.

An Italian artist, an outstanding representative of the second wave of Futurism in painting, one of the first Surrealists in his country. Enrico Prampolini was an unusually gifted man who showed his talent in many branches of art. His contemporaries knew him as a theater set designer and designer, as well as an architect who created several fundamental works. Together with Gerardo Dottori, the artist worked in the style of aerial painting, creating works based on the feeling of flight, the features of the air perspective and speed.Prampolini was one of the authors of the Manifesto of Mechanical Art, which proclaimed the dominance of machines in the world of the future and the close connection of new technologies with painting. The artist believed that contemporary art should be based on the use of mechanical elements from the world of industry. In his works, he praised the coherence and rhythm inherent in the work of mechanisms.The painter’s art developed in close contact with the avant-garde movements of Europe. Prampolini knew Paris Cubists, and also took an active part in the work of the German Bauhaus movement. Being a supporter of the abstract geometric construction of the composition, which is characteristic of Italian Futurism, Prampolini gradually moved to a complete abstraction, including elements of surrealism.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

A Russian avant-garde artist, painter and graphic artist, a stage designer, who worked in Paris for many years. In the history of Russian art, the name of N.S. Goncharova is closely associated with the name of M. Larionov: they worked together for 60 years, first in Russia, then in Paris. Unusually talented creators, collaborating, helped one another to establish their individuality.The artist called the Amazon of the avant-garde, a member of the Jack of Diamonds and Blue Horseman groups, a Futurist and Cubist painter, was a bold innovator in painting, a brilliant decorator that till now impresses art lovers with a rare variety of her great artistic talent.The so-called «Russian style» never existed in professional fine art before Goncharova's «Rooster». Inheriting the traditions of lubok art and using folk ideas about religion, the folklore of Egypt and her favourite Scythia, she, undoubtedly, combined all into a single harmonious style.

A Russian theater artist and set designer, painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of Russia. Golovin, who collaborated with V. Meyerhold and S. Diaghilev, was not only the greatest master of theatrical and decorative art but also one of its reformers. He possessed a keen sense of style, inexhaustible imagination and rare stage intuition, which always allowed him to find a single artistic solution to the production that influenced the work of the director. The name of Golovin is associated with an almost 20-year period in the development of Russian theater culture.As an easel artist, Alexander Golovin preferred Impressionism and Art Nouveau; however, he painted some portraits (for example, of his friend Nicholas Roerich) in a completely realistic manner.The peculiarity of Golovin as a portrait painter is in the fact that he created magnificent portraits of artists (ballerinas, actors) as the characters they played. The most significant are the images of Chaliapin - Golovin painted him as Mephistopheles, Holofernes, Boris Godunov, Farlaf, etc.Easel paintings by Alexander Golovin are in the most famous collections of Russia, and his sketches for costumes and stage became independent paintings of considerable value.

A talented and original Ukrainian artist, a bright and influential representative of avant-garde painting and scenography. Her career was marked by constant innovative searches, as a result of which she made a significant contribution to the development of both Ukrainian and Russian painting avant-garde, decorative and applied art and scenography.The studio school that Alexandra Alexandrovna opened in Kyiv laid the foundations for new methods of teaching fine art. Ekster participated in most of the exhibitions held until 1925 in the capitals of Russia and Ukraine, exhibited her works in Germany, France and the USA.She was one of the first artists to receive lifetime recognition, as evidenced by numerous articles in periodicals of various countries, in particular, an illustrated monograph written in four languages by J. Tugendhold, a famous art critic and influential connoisseur of new French art (1922, Berlin).

A Russian painter, sculptor, graphic artist and stage designer of Jewish origin, who combined the features of Russian Art Nouveau and avant-garde in his original work. One of the most famous and prominent Yiddish theater artists. Almost one decade spent in France did not make him a member of the Paris School of Art; accused of formalism, Robert Falk rarely exhibited his paintings in his motherland for the last twenty years of his creative career. However, he continued to create easel paintings “for himself”. He showed his works privately as a representative of unofficial art, the inspirer of which he became when he was young. He supported many young artists who visited his workshop.

A Czech artist, graphic illustrator, stage designer and writer. Jan Zrzavy was one of the leading representatives of the 20th-century national art avant-garde, one of the founders of the creative association of artists “Sursum”, a member of the Czech Artists Association “Manes” and the Union of Graphic Artists “Gollar”. In 1937, the Nazis declared the master’s works “degenerative art”. In 1965, he was awarded the title People's Artist of Czechoslovakia. In the gallery of Jan Zrzavy in Telci, works that he bequeathed to his people are exhibited.

A Polish artist and teacher, one of the brightest and most emotional representatives of Slavic Symbolism and one of the founders of Art Nouveau in his country. In Poland, the Museum of Contemporary Art named after Jacek Malczewski, the branch of which is located in Radom, the hometown of the artist, has been opened.

Ivan Vasilievich Kliun (born Klyonkov) was a russian avant-garde artist, art theorist, a brilliant representative of several recent art movements, including Suprematism - a special branch of Russian Abstractionism of the first half of the 20th century.A companion and friend, as well as a follower of K. Malewicz, who remained in his shadow and even was unjustly considered the “avant-garde of the second row”, was one of the most original masters in both Cubo-Futurism and Suprematism. His best works, no doubt related to the geometric abstractions of the author of the Black Square, are freer in painting, rich in the play of light and shadow, whimsical in terms of irrationalism of forms, sometimes brought by the author to a super-impressive minimum.These qualities attracted connoisseur and collector George Kostaki, thanks to whom the master's works were preserved and became known later. Traveling to Greece, Kostaki was forced to donate a part of his personal collection to his country; thus, the work of Kliun ended up at the Tretyakov Gallery and other main collections of the USSR.Ivan Kliun was an active participant in the cultural life of the “futuristic” capitals of Russia, an exhibitor of all significant avant-garde exhibitions, a founding member of the Moscow Salon and Supremus associations, an author of several theoretical treatises, a member of the later group Four Arts.

One of the largest Russian Symbolist artists, a painter and graphic artist. He created paintings in the genres of landscape, portrait, and subject scenes. He belonged to the Saratov school of painting, participated in the exhibitions "Scarlet Rose" and "Blue Rose", was a member of the Moscow Association of Artists and the Union of Russian Artists, and the French Society of Fine Arts. The Museum-Estate of V. Borisov-Musatov is a branch of the Art Museum named after A.N. Radishchev.

A Georgian artist, graphic artist and master of scenography, as well as an art historian, inventor and teacher. David Kakabadze was an innovator not only in the field of fine arts but also in cinematography, who patented a film apparatus for volumetric shooting. His work is characterized by love for various European modern trends and by both a commitment to national themes and traditions and a distinctive interpretation of avant-garde art movements of the 20th century. The painter left a rich artistic legacy. The largest collection of his paintings belongs to the national museums and galleries of Georgia.

A Swedish artist and writer, one of the first modernists in his country. Gösta Adrian-Nilsson, who signed his paintings with the acronym GAN, was a comprehensively gifted person. He painted in various avant-garde styles, was an active member of the German progressive group Der Sturm (Storm, Berlin), created talented illustrations for the works of his contemporaries, and also wrote his own poems and fairy tales for children. A great admirer of Oscar Wilde in his youth, Adrian-Nilsson adored the decadent movement of the late 19th century, but at the beginning of the next century joined German Expressionists, Italian Futurists, and later French Cubists, making a considerable contribution to the spread of these art movements in his homeland.

A Ukrainian self-taught artist, graphic artist and master of decorative folk painting, People’s Artist of Ukraine (1956), a bright representative of naive art.The work of the rural artist is among the high achievements of the Ukrainian culture of the 20th century; it is the subject of the study of art historians. There are two exhibitions at the Yagotinsky local history museum: the pictorial and graphic heritage of Bilokur; the large hall of the State Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art is devoted to her works. In 1980, the TV show “Katerina Bilokur” was released; in 1983, composer L. Dichko created the ballet of the same name; in 1986, the documentary movie “The Magic World Bilokur” was filmed; in 1989 - the two-part art film “Disobedient”; in 2009, the play “Two Indigo Flowers” was staged at the Franco Theatre. In 1990, the annual Bilokur Prize was established; it is awarded on the day of St. Catherine.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

Synopsis:A Russian painter and graphic artist, who officially called himself an artist-researcher. He was one of the famous leaders of the avant-garde in his country, a theorist and founder, as well as a practitioner and teacher of "analytical art", a unique reforming movement that had a significant impact on the artistic mindsets of many creators of the first half of the 20th century.Filonov brought elements of scientific knowledge into the vanguard movement and was engaged in combining different ways of knowing the world, relying on intuition. In fact, the artist, who had phenomenal abilities in abstracted thinking, developed a symbolic understanding of painting, the aim of which was to depict not only the object but also thoughts about it and the way of its transmission, that is, added self-reflection to symbolism.Filonov had many followers and imitators, but the strength of his original “accomplishment” was difficult to achieve. Filonov’s “analytical art”, which formed the symbolist branch in the Russian avant-garde, was in opposition to constructivism and suprematism and came close to the surrealistic motives of European modernism.The master’s works are popular in the art market and are constantly exhibited throughout the world. At the exhibition in the Paris center of G. Pompidou in 1990, eight works stolen from the Russian Museum were found; seven of them were returned after many years of negotiations.

A Ukrainian Impressionist painter, original colorist, as well as an editor and social activist. Known as a master of landscape, a portrait painter and an art critic. A prominent participant in the revival of Galician-Ukrainian painting and the organization of artistic life in Galicia in general. Being a figure significant for the culture of Western Ukraine, he became one of the creators of the first professional art societies in this region.

A Czech and Slovak Impressionist painter, graphic artist, landscape painter, talented teacher and writer, art critic, one of the pioneers of Czech and Slovak Impressionism, as well as Symbolism and modernism. The active civil position of the artist was reflected in his work on the creation of private painting schools, and then in the participation of the establishment of the Association of Moravian Artists.

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, who succeeded in very different spheres of creative and scientific activity, was a man of art, a unique landscape painter, illustrator, museum and restoration specialist.For many years, he worked as a trustee and director of the Tretyakov Gallery, was a director of the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In each sphere, he showed his incredible love for work.

Fedor Grigorevich Krychevsky was an outstanding Ukrainian painter, teacher and an active public figure, the first rector of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts; he was a professor at the Kiev Art Institute for many years, was awarded the title "Honored Artist of Ukraine" (1940).He was born into a family of a baptized Jew, a Zemstvo paramedic. He was one of eight children and grew up in the Ukrainian small village of Malaya Vorozhba (Kharkiv region) on the Psel River. The talent of Fedor, just like the talent of his elder brother Vasily (the future outstanding architect and artist), manifested itself early - he painted with coal, embroidered his own compositions, molded figures of clay. In the 1890s, the talented guy was noticed by Count V. Kapnist, in the estate of whom Fedor got acquainted with painting, could read books from a rich library, began to copy paintings from albums and original works of art.An example of Ukrainian Art Nouveau was Krychevsky’s monumental triptych "Life" (1925-1927), exhibited in Europe and the United States. Many prominent Ukrainian artists (the Kiev school) consider themselves students of Professor Krychevsky. The main works of the artist are in the permanent exposition of the National Art Museum of Ukraine.

The famous Czech artist, one of the most famous representatives of Art Nouveau. From childhood, he showed his musical and art abilities. He was brought up under the influence of two powerful cultural forces: the Catholic Church with the beauties of its service and attributes and the desire of the Slavs to be independent from the Austrian Empire. Alfons Mucha was the author of decorative works and numerous posters in a bright, inimitable style, which brought him fame and wide popularity. In addition, the artist showed himself as a talented designer who designed the interior of Prague's most famous modernist buildings - the Municipal House, the hotel "Europe" and "Imperial", as well as an illustrator, a jeweler and a theater set designer. Since 1906, Alfons Mucha worked as a teacher at the Art Institute of Chicago, but after some time he returned home, to create a series of monumental paintings that reveal the history of the Slavic nation. Decorative works of the artist embody the aesthetics of his era and are the icon of Art Nouveau.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist, master of stained glass, ceramist and illustrator.He was born into an Indonesian-Dutch family. The artist's father was an island resident, and his mother was a British subject.Jan Theodor Toorop was the largest representative of Symbolism in Dutch painting, who worked in a variety of art styles and techniques. The influence of Jan Toorop on the development of European avant-garde painting is difficult to overestimate. The artist left a bright mark on the art of England, Holland and Belgium, where he periodically lived, communicated with the most outstanding figures of art and was in various art associations. The author's unique style is a mixture of Symbolism with a Modernist presentation and mysterious Indonesian motifs, which impressed his contemporaries and had a large number of followers around the world.

A Swiss painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of the European Art Nouveau.The artist was born into a poor family of a carpenter and a peasant woman, he was the eldest of six children. When Hodler was eight years old, he lost his father and two younger brothers. His mother Margaret married a widower with five children; her stepfather was an artist and designer and became the first teacher for Ferdinand – when he was nine years old, he was put to work, helping his stepfather draw simple signs. The boy continued his studies in the town of Thun, where his teacher was a local painter Ferdinand Sommer.Ferdinand Hodler is known as the author of the original artistic method - parallelism, which later became one of the main in the style of art nouveau. He created several monumental canvases and decorative panels adorning public buildings in Switzerland and Germany, thus making a significant contribution to historical painting. Hodler's art was a success among his colleagues; his works were admired by such great artists as Puvis de Chavannes and Gustav Klimt, as well as sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artist was a participant in the mystical Rosicrucian order and exhibited his paintings at the Symbolist Salon "Rose and Cross."

An outstanding Georgian painter, a monumentalist, graphic artist, illustrator, talented teacher, professor of the Academy of Arts of Georgia. He worked in the styles of Post-impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism and Primitivism.He was born in a fairly well-to-do family of a railway employee. The boy's mother soon began to notice his great ability to draw. Parents bought Lado a bicycle, and he traveled 20 km to Mtskheta to paint ancient churches there.The painter that lived in Paris a long time and became famous in Europe and America, became the embodiment of innovative trends in painting in his country. He was the first professional artist to depart from the gloomy palette characteristic of the Georgian fine arts. He worked in different modern styles, avoiding only non-figurative styles and is considered the continuer of the ideas of great Pirosmani. Lado Gudiashvili was a member of various creative communities, was awarded high state ranks and prizes (People's Artist, Hero of Labor, etc.)The creativity of Lado Gudiashvili differs in an incredible variety of genre and technique of performance: he wrote with oil, watercolor, gouache, worked in a mixed technique, performed wall painting, created graphic works of art. In the artist's heritage, there are portraits and landscapes, historical paintings and allegorical, mythological and even political works. The nature of the canvas is either epic, or philosophical, or lyrical. Probably, therefore, the master himself refrained from assessing his style, which, nevertheless, is easily recognized, because the motives of his work, especially the early ones, are almost exclusively Georgian.In the capital of Georgia, the house-museum of Gudiashvili was opened, one of the squares of Tbilisi was named after him. The artist's paintings continue to excite the viewer and remain in demand. For example, in 2013, the Sotheby's house sold painting "Temptation" for 1.2 million dollars.

A well-known representative of Italian Art Nouveau, one of its founders in his country. After the early death of his father, he began working at a workshop for the restoration of art objects of his uncle Dario. He studied painting and decorative art at the art school of Santa Croce in Florence. Until 1895, he also attended the workshops of Amedeo Buontempo and Augusto Burchi, artists who were known in those years in Florence. Galileo Chini was a universal personality - a theatrical decorator, designer, artist and ceramist, as well as a teacher of painting at the Academy of Arts in Florence and Rome. Being an artist of a European level, he participated in major international exhibitions in London, Brussels, Ghent and St. Petersburg, several times represented his works at the Venice Biennale. Chini was got an order to decorate large public and private buildings, and in 1911 he went to Siam to decorate the throne room of King Siam in Bangkok. The artist created scenery and sketches for costumes for Puccini's operas. Together with friends, he founded the company "Arta Della ceramics", which produced extremely high-quality and popular ceramic products, which allowed the artist to win world fame in the decorative art of Art Nouveau. The paintings of Galileo Chini were popular among his contemporaries. His decorative designs had a profound influence on the style of Italian Art Nouveau.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, a master of portrait and landscape, a book illustrator and theater artist, the author of a series of works of small plastics.He was born into the family of art historian Andrei Somov, who worked as the curator of the Hermitage. His mother, Nadezhda Lobanova, was a talented musician and a well-educated lady. Konstantin had been interested in art since childhood.Somov was one of the leaders of The World of Art society in its first and second variations; he was actively engaged in organizing exhibitions in Russia and Europe and worked in the magazine of the same name. He was also a member of the Union of Russian Artists. Thanks to his exceptional portrait talent, Somov preserved for the history and descendants the appearance of dozens of significant personalities of his Russian era - A. Blok and M. Kuzmin, A. Benois and S. Rachmaninov, F. Sologub and V. Ivanov, as well as Russian Parisians.

An outstanding Austrian artist of Jewish origin, a decorator, a master of monumental painting, who played a big role in the development of Art Nouveau.His father was a hereditary jeweler from Bohemia, but did not have a stable income. His mother, Anna Finster, was a studious but not very successful musician. Gustav was the second of seven children of a Jewish family. Klimts were poor, in the early years of the Habsburg Empire, the work was not enough, especially for ethnic minorities. At an early age, Gustav and his two brothers, Ernst and Georg, showed their obvious artistic talents, and Gustav was noted as an exceptional draftsman.Gustav Klimt was one of the founders of the Vienna Secession - the association of progressive artists who protested against traditional painting. He became the first President of the Secession and the organizer of exhibitions of the society. Since 1898, Klimt had been collaborated with the art magazine named "Sacred Spring", in which the works of Symbolists Beardsley, Moreau, Puvi de Chavannes were published. The artist's work, aimed at introducing avant-garde trends in Austrian painting, played a key role in the development of the country's fine arts of the early twentieth century.

A Ukrainian artist, master of painting and graphics, author of large panels on themes of myths, portraitist, landscape painter and painter of everyday genre, illustrator.He was born into the family of Grigory Grigorievich Myasoedov, а famous genre painter, one of the founders of the Wanderers movement and artist Ksenia Ivanova. Myasoedov married Ksenia when she was already pregnant with a child whom he did not accept for a long time. His godfather was certain Zotov - Ivan later used this name in emigration. Father, not allowing his wife to show maternal feelings and suggesting the boy that he was a foundling, gave the child to the family of his friend A. Kiselev, a talented Wanderer and landscape painter.Ivan was the creator of the first postage stamps of the Principality of Liechtenstein, listed in all the catalogs. In Liechtenstein, in honor of the 100th anniversary of "Professor E. Zotov", a series of stamps dedicated to him was issued; in 1992, the Art Society named after E. Zotov (I. Myasoedov) was created and bought from the artist’s heirs and collectors more than 3 thousand works of Myasoedov and built a modern museum for them.He wrote the Manifesto of Nakedness, which was included in book “Nudity on the Stage”. The publication caused many protests of the zealots of morality, but the portrait of I. Myasoedov, placed in it, makes it possible to see the "antique" look of the author himself with tattooed eyelids (circus artist's make-up). In those young years, the artist professionally took a great interest in photography and created series of photocompositions on mythological and historical themes, starring nude in the role of an ancient hero, Bacchus or Mercury.In total, Ivan Grigorievich, the son of G. Myasoedov, the founder of the Wanderers, created more than 4 thousand paintings and graphic works.

An American artist and designer, the most famous representative of Art Nouveau in the United States.He was the eldest son of Harriet and Charles Lewis Tiffany, a famous jeweler, the founder of his own company. He grew up surrounded by beautiful exquisite things and luxury, but was not interested in the family business. Attended school at the Military Academy of Pennsylvania.Louis Comfort Tiffany was famous for the invention of a special stained glass technique, which consists of various pieces of colored glass joined together by means of copper foil. This method, as well as new types of glass created by him, revolutionized the decorative art of the late nineteenth century. The technique of Tiffany has become the most common for the creation of stained glass, lampshades and other works of decorative and applied art from colored glass all over the world. The style of modern, in which the designer worked, in the US and other countries of America, is called "Tiffany", after the name of its discoverer.The works of Louis Tiffany to this day are very popular and of great value for collectors of works of Art Nouveau.

Martiros Sergeevich (Sarkisovich) Saryan was a Russian and Armenian landscape painter, graphic artist and theater artist.He was born into an Armenian patriarchal family. In 1897-1904, he passed a course at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.An active participant in the exhibitions of “Blue rose”, The Union of Russian artists, “The World of art”, the magazine “Gold Fleece", the association "Four Arts". The founder of the Academy of Arts in Armenia had a title of academician, People’s Artist of the USSR, Hero of social labor, was awarded state prizes. The creativity and activity of M. S. Saryan played a leading role in the formation of the national Armenian school of painting. The House-Museum of Martiros Saryan was opened in Yerevan.“Nature creates a man, in order to look at itself with its eyes, to enjoy its amazing beauty,” - said the artist about creativity.

A Ukrainian painter, innovator, graphic artist and talented teacher.Oleksa was born into the family of a forester, who worked at the estate of the aristocratic Polish family of Brzozowski. Count Tadeusz Grokholsky, the brother-in-law of the landowner, noticed the gifted guy and advised his sister to allocate Novakivsky scholarship and thus ensure his education.The work of the artist covers different genres: landscapes and portraits, still-lifes and plot pictures. Novakivsky created the first in Western Ukraine Art School of a new type headed the Faculty of Art of the Lviv Secret Ukrainian University. UNESCO declared 1972 a year of the artist’s memory; in the same year, the art and memorial museum of O. Novakivsky was opened in Lviv, in the house where he lived and worked for more than 20 years.

A Russian and Soviet painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, master of stage set and stage costume.He was born into a family of Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky, a hereditary nobleman, a writer, translator and publisher. In the 1890's, he studied at the Kharkov Art School, visited the evening classes of the Imperial Stroganov School of Art and Industry. After that, he studied at the private academy of Julian in Paris.Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky was one of the founders and active participants of the art association "Knave of Diamonds" and its chairman from 1911. He was also a member of the progressive art associations "Union of Youth" (since 1911), "The World of Art" (with interruptions until 1922), "Genesis" (in 1926-1927). He was an academician and full member of the Academy of Arts of the country, a laureate of prestigious awards.

Synopsis.A famous Polish painter, graphic artist, master of arts and crafts, writer and playwright, a talented teacher.He was born into the family of a professional sculptor. After the death of his mother, he was brought up in the family of Stankevichs – the maternal line relatives, which gave Stanisław a good education. Despite the fact that Krakow was a provincial town of Austria-Hungary, it retained the best traditions of Polish culture, and the Stankevichs' house was constantly visited by people close to art. Here the future artist got acquainted with his mentor, famous painter Jan Matejko, who noticed the artistic talent of the boy.Stanisław Wyspianski played one of the leading roles in the cultural movement "Young Poland", being engaged in the revival and popularization of national culture. Critics even call him "the fourth Polish prophet" along with such outstanding cultural figures as Mickiewicz, Slovak and Krasinsky. The artist is known as the author of several monumental murals and mosaics in the churches of Lviv, Krakow and other cities. He was an active participant of the influential art community "Art" and the editor of the progressive magazine "Life", and his satire play "Wedding", mocking the shortcomings of contemporary Polish society, was very popular. Stanisław Wyspianski made a great contribution to the development of Polish art and national self-consciousness through his versatile creative work.

A Russian artist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an academician.Mikhail was born into the family of a professional military lawyer and adjutant of the Separate Siberian Corps. He tried to draw from the age of five.The phenomenally gifted Vrubel created works in almost all genres and types of fine art: in painting and drawing, theatrical art and decorative sculpture, monumental painting and even architecture - the mansion of S. Mamontov, the church in Talashkino, the pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris were designed by Mikhail Vrubel.

A Russian artist, stage-designer, philosopher, teacher and writer.Born into the family of famous St. Petersburg notary Konstantin Fedorovich Roerich. In his childhood, he studied with draftsman and sculptor M. Mikeshin.Roerich as a prominent public figure was the head of the association "World of Art", the founder of international movements "World through Culture", "Banner of Peace", the New York Institute of United Arts, the American International Center "Corona Mundi", the author of the Roerich Pact. The total list of organizations which Roerich was a member of, totals approximately 60.Roerich created approximately 7000 paintings, systematized in cycles and series (Old Russian, Mongolian and Tibetan, Himalayan, etc.), which are located in major museums, famous galleries of the world. The artist received prestigious awards not only in Russia, but also in Yugoslavia, France and Sweden. One of the oldest art educational institutions in St. Petersburg is the school named after N.K. Roerich.In the world, more than a dozen museums of Nicholas Roerich are open and functioning. Active is the Roerich’s movement "Agni Yoga" (Living Ethics).

An Austrian artist who worked in the style of Expressionism.He was born into a well-to-do Jewish family. The father of the artist was a rich businessman of Hungarian origin; his mother was a Czech-German Catholic. Richard did not study well at school; was expelled from the prestigious institution in Vienna, with the record "disciplinary difficulties» in his characteristic. The wealthy parents even hired private teachers for the young man.Richard Gerstl was known for his unique portraits revealing the essence of the human soul and based on the teachings of Freud. The artist was a rebel and freethinker; his work was not properly assessed among his contemporaries. Gerstl lived only 25 years, though in his short life managed to make an invaluable contribution to the development of European Expressionism. His psychological painting served as the basis for the German branch of this movement, the brightest representative of which is Oskar Kokoshka.

A Russian Symbolist painter and graphic artist, theater artist and decorator.Sergey was born into the family of a lieutenant colonel who served in the Gendarmerie Separate Corps. In 1897–1909, he studied (with a break in 1902 due to temporary exclusion because of the presentation of his works of frivolous content at the student exhibition) at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; was a student of A. Arkhipov, A. Stepanov, A. Vasnetsov, N. Kasatkina, L. Pasternak.He was one of the organizers of the Blue Rose group, as well as a founding member of the revived “World of Art”, a member and designer of the literary cabaret “Stray Dog”, a participant in the expositions “Wreath” and “Wreath-Stefanos”, movements that played a significant role in the history Russian art. S. Sudeikin published his graphic works in the magazines "Libra", "Apollo", "Golden Fleece", "Satyricon" and "New Satyricon".

A Romanian Impressionist (landscape, portrait, still-life) and a master of monumental paintings, the creator of the Romanian school of painting of the early 20th century.Born into the family of major Dumitru Luchian, who lived after resigning in the Botosani district, Stefanesti village.S. Luchian became one of the initiators of the Ileana Society of the dissemination of artistic taste in Romania and was an active participant of it. At the same time, the society published a magazine with the same name, for which the artist wrote articles on art criticism. S. Luchian received a high award - the Medalia Bene Merenti medal of the 1st class (1909).In 1981, a feature film was made about the life of S. Luchian.

Vilhelms Kārlis Purvītis (also known as Vilhelms-Karl Egorovich Purvit) was one of the most famous Latvian landscape painters, as well as a master of graphic art.In the 1890s, he was a free visitor of the Petersburg Academy of Arts, worked at the class of painting; in 1896, he was enrolled in the landscape studio of Arkhip Kuindzhi.One of the founders (along with J. Rosenthals, J. Valter, A. Alksnis) of modern painting in Latvia, in particular, the school of landscape painting. Founder of the Latvian Academy of Arts, its first rector (1919-1934), who taught at the landscape class until 1941. Director of the Riga City Art Museum, organizer of many exhibitions in his country and abroad.Vilhelms Purvitis several thousand works during his life. However, most of the canvasses were destroyed in Jelgava during an air raid in 1944. Only about 150 paintings of the master have survived.

A Ukrainian artist, draftsman, graphic artist. An original avant-garde artist of the beginning of the 20th century, who did not receive systematic art education due to an extremely short life (20 years), became one of the brightest Ukrainian representatives of Art Nouveau.At an early age, he showed the talent of a draftsman. He learned the basics of fine art from A. Roshchina. His first fine art teacher was Poltava resident Ivan Myasoedov, the son of Grigory Myasoyedov, the famous master of everyday scenes and the founder of The Wanderers group.The works of Vsevolod Maksimovich (26 paintings), which arrived in Kiev in 1926, were first exhibited by the National Art Museum of Ukraine in 1996. Exhibition "Crossroads: Modernism in Ukraine, 1910-1930", which took place at the Chicago Cultural Center with the participation of the paintings of V. Maksimovich, caused a big resonance in 2007.All the main paintings of Vsevolod Maksimovich were preserved by young futurist poet Nadezhda Nikolayeva (she wrote poems under pseudonym Nadia Elsner), in which the artist was unrequitedly in love. In 1925, Fedor Ernst, an employee of the All-Ukrainian Historical Museum, purchased 26 paintings from her. T. Shevchenko (now it is the National Art Museum in Kiev). The works were shown at the exhibition and displayed in the catalog only in 1996. The works of the Poltava resident showed that Art Nouveau embraced almost all European countries in the early 20th century, left a notable mark in Ukrainian culture. However, in the following decades, they were considered "decadent" and "ideologically harmful".

Walter Crane is an English painter and graphic artist, illustrator, designer, writer and publicist. Walter Crane achieved popularity as a children's book illustrator, talented not only in illustrating novels of classics but also his own works.The first teacher of the artist was his own family member - his father Thomas Crane, who professionally studied painting and was known as a wonderful miniature master. In his father's studio, Walter took his first steps in the visual arts, drawing numerous portraits, scenes from everyday life, nature - everything that surrounded him. Noticing his son's ability to paint, he sent him to study at the engraving workshop of William Linton, whose radical moods influenced the worldview of the beginning artist to a large extent. In particular, made him interested in socialist ideas.The artist was engaged in the design of several magazines, created sketches of tapestries, textiles, carpets, mosaics, ceramics and stained glass. He was a manager of the exhibitions of the Society of Arts and Crafts, which had a great influence on the development of applied art and design throughout the world. Crane was also engaged in teaching, wrote several scientific works in the field of design, which were in high demand throughout Europe. Since 1898, the artist held a responsible post as a head of the Royal College of Art in London. The artist's works are in the Louvre; the Uffizi Gallery (Florence) ordered him a self-portrait.

Walter Richard Sickert was an English artist and graphic artist, the main representative of a rather long for this country transition period from traditional painting to Impressionism, Art Nouveau and other innovative movements in the visual arts.Born into a Danish-Irish family. His father Oswald Sickert and his grandfather were professional artists.Walter created several paintings, which depict a famous serial killer called Jack the Ripper. Some researchers even suspected that the artist and the dangerous criminal are one person. However, these assumptions were not confirmed.Sickert initiated the creation of such groups of progressive artists as “Fitzroy Street” (1907), “Camden Town” (1911), within its framework “London” (1913). He was a full member of the Royal Academy of Arts, was elected the president of the Royal Society of British Artists.

A Ukrainian and Polish artist and designer, who lived most of his life in Kiev, a bright representative of Art Nouveau.His parents were Polish nobles from an ancient family and gave his son a good education. Wilhelm graduated from the classical gymnasium in Warsaw. During his studies, he attended an art school under the direction of Rafal Hadzevich, who taught him the skills of classical drawing and painting, and instilled in him a love for the art of the Renaissance.Wilhelm Kotarbinski is the author of numerous philosophical and fantastic canvases, skillfully combining the features of Art Nouveau, Symbolism and a vivid personal style in his work. The artist was an outstanding draftsman, received many awards in Italy and the Russian Empire. In Kiev, Kotarbinski created paintings for the Vladimir Cathedral, which became the best example of church painting of the late nineteenth century and made the artist's name popular throughout the country. The works of the Polish painter were in great demand; he carried out orders for the design of private houses of wealthy citizens. Some of his best works are 13 decorative panels for the house of patrons Khanenko in Kiev (now it is the building of the museum).

Polish and Czech artist and graphic artist. One of the most famous European painters, who left a legacy in the late Symbolism and the modern era.Was born in Austro-Hungarian Prague (Karlin district), in the family of Czech Ferdinand Hoffman and Polish woman Teofila Terletskaya and was the youngest of six children.Hofmann is a representative of large artists' societies "Art" and "Young Poland", Czech association "Manes". The first Polish artist, who became a member of the Vienna Secession. In Poland, the merits of Wlastimil Hoffman were marked by the Gold Medal (1929), the Golden Cross (1933), The Order of Polonia Restituta (1937 and 1961), and the Czech Order of the White Lion (1948).One of the art critics called Wlastimil Hoffman, a prominent representative of the late era of Polish Symbolism, "a painter of inner glow."The House of Hoffmann in Szklarska Poręba on the street of his name according to his will works as a mini museum for tourists and is open as a studio for artists.

Polish artist, outstanding painter and graphic artist Wojciech Weis is one of the key figures of Polish modernism. Wojciech began to study as an artist in Lviv. Then he attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at first as a free listener. Artist recognized and appreciated during his lifetime; he was a member of the Vienna Secession and the Society of Polish Artists, the professor and rector of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. The master had a huge influence on the development of Polish culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite all the titles and awards, Wojciech Weiss was in constant creative search, experimenting with a variety of techniques and trends in painting. The artist enriched Polish art with the latest European tendencies and contributed to the cultural rise of the country, which was called "Young Poland". The museum of the artist is opened in Krakow.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist, a painter and graphic artist who worked in Russia and France, a member of “The World of Art”, one of the first women who simultaneously entered the history of painting of Ukraine, Russia and France. Known for the portraits of outstanding people of her time, paintings on rural themes and monumental paintings.Zinaida was born into a family of prominent masters. Nikolai Benois, the grandfather of her mother, was a famous architect, her father Eugene Lansere, who died early, was a famous sculptor, her uncle, A. Benois, was an outstanding contemporary artist. After the death of the head of the family in 1886, the mother and six of her children moved to St. Petersburg, but they spent each summer at Neskuchnoye and Veseloye estates. The family visited the Hermitage and theaters, did not miss a single exhibition. All relatives were engaged in creative work and encouraged the studies of Zina, who had been painting since childhood. The choice of the portrait genre was prompted by communication with numerous relatives - bright masters (uncle A. Benois, brothers Lansere, etc.) and guests, such as K. Somov, A. Akhmatova, J. Annenkov. Later, in Paris, she painted S. Prokofiev, artist S. Ivanov, and others.Due to the tragically developing life (and political) circumstances, and also because of her very modestly shy and unpractical nature, Z. E. Serebryakova received deserved recognition only in the 1960s, when a number of exhibitions successfully took place in several cities of Russia. In France, the artist was rarely exhibited, but her magnificent portraits were popular. In the homeland of the artist in the village of Neskuchnoye near Kharkov, there are "Neskuchnoye plein-airs" of her name, and there is The Serebryakova’s Foundation created by her children Alexander and Catherine in France. Critics and connoisseurs characterized Serebryakova as an outstanding master of "European significance", but the voice of the artist, whose art was almost realistic, drowned in the noise around abstract arts and other new delights. In art history, however, there are terms "serebryakova’s painting" and " serebryakova’s portrait”. The canvases of the artist adorn the collections of the best museums of Europe, Ukraine and Russia.

Polish artist, draftsman, graphic artist and book illustrator. He was born in the family of a cashier of the bank, was one of eleven children. Witold was interested in art from childhood.He also wrote satirical texts for «Kolets» magazine, actively participated in the activity of "Green Balloon" cabaret, in the publication of elite magazine "Liberum Veto" under the pseudonym "Count Voitek". Was engaged in book graphics. He created a collection of travesty-retellings of the works by the most respected artists, among whom there were Olga Boznanska, Jan Stanislavsky and Leon Vichulkovsky. Being affected by the spirit of fantasy, Wojtkiewicz was able to portray the imaginary world as real. He depicted scenes with children inspired by fairy-tale plots ("Kidnapping of the princess"). Burlesque scenes in the style of Toulouse-Lautrec are, at the same time, more often not deprived of lyricism.Not surviving by his thirtieth birthday, the artist managed to leave a legacy that preceded the development of Expressionism and Surrealism.In 1976, a large retrospective exhibition of the artist was held at the Polish National Museum of Krakow.

A French artist of Swiss origin, a painter, illustrator, engraver and sculptor.Theophile-Alexandre Steinlen studied at the university of his native city to be an industrial designer. At the beginning of his creative career, the artist depicted landscapes, paintings from everyday life and portraits in a traditional manner.A prominent representative of Art Nouveau, Steinlen is known as a poster artist, his posters for the cabaret "Black Cat" in Montmartre made the artist famous and popular among his contemporaries. Steinlen also created illustrations for popular newspapers, magazines and books. He collaborated with several humorous magazines; in 1911, together with friends, founded the newspaper "Humorists", where he published his caricatures and scenes from the life of Paris. The popularity and recognition enjoyed by the artist made him a significant figure in the fine art of the early twentieth century. His graphic works inspired many avant-garde masters, including famous Pablo Picasso.

A Polish painter, graphic artist, author of stained glass windows and mosaics, designer of fabrics, interiors and furniture, theater decorator, poster master, the leading art representative of “Mloda Polska” (“Young Poland”).Jozef Mehoffer is one of the founders of the community of Polish artists “Art”, which popularized modern avant-garde painting in the country. Mehoffer gained international fame thanks to the creation of stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Freiburg (Switzerland). In addition, the artist was a talented teacher. He was a professor, and later was a rector of the Krakow Academy of Arts; among the students of Mehoffer, there were many famous artists.

An Austrian artist-decorator, painter, illustrator and poster artist.He was born into the family of Josef Moser, a teacher and director of the gymnasium. After graduation, Koloman learned to paint at the trade school in Widen.Koloman Moser is the most important figure of Austrian Art Nouveau (Jugendstil), a founding member of the Vienna Secession and the organizer of the famous "Vienna workshops", where the artistic design of household items was massively performed. Together with Gustav Klimt K. Moser drew illustrations for "Sacred Spring", the leading art magazine of Austria, and created several posters of the Vienna Secession exhibitions. The artist made a large number of sketches for the decoration of jewelries, lamps, textiles and dishes. He was a trendsetter in the interior, especially furniture design, which was in great demand among the admirers of Art Nouveau. Stained-glass window by Koloman Moser is depicted on the commemorative coin of 100 euros, issued in 2005.One of the artist's greatest achievements was the stained glass and murals of the Steinhoff Wagner church, which he made in 1904. After exiting from the Vienna Secession in 1905 and the "Vienna Workshops" in 1907, Moser began to pay much attention to paintings. In the author's creative heritage, there is a large number of landscapes, still lifes and portraits, painted in an energetic manner with bright, saturated colors, sometimes in unusual and bold combinations.

An outstanding Russian painter, portraitist and graphic artist, a singer of peasantry.The artist was born into a family of poor state peasants, who had many children. He started drawing early, copying icon-painting images at the age of four to five, later painted portraits of fellow villagers, sculpted figures from clay. He quickly learned to read and write from a retired sergeant major.The master of the peasant theme in a very temperamental and peculiarly variegated interpretation, Philip Malyavin became famous in Russia and abroad. The decorative-epic and very recognizable "Malyavinian" manner began with picture "Laughter", which became the diploma work of the graduate of the Academy and caused a scandal, and then was exhibited at the World Exhibition in 1900 in Paris, where it received "gold". Laughing peasant women in red, monstrously bright sarafans, put in the center against a background that is difficult to read, are performed pasty and with such a transfer of emotion that one cannot simply not smile. A member and participant of exhibitions of associations "World of Art", "Union of Russian Artists", the author of historically significant images of Lenin and his associates, painted from real life. As a talented portraitist, he left hundreds of paintings and drawings that convey the appearance of outstanding and significant personalities not only of Russia but also of Europe.

A famous Swedish painter, graphic artist and sculptor, Zorn was a popular portrait painter. His paintings were ordered by famous politicians, artists and businessmen. The artist worked a lot with watercolor, enjoyed etching. Zorn's creations - portraits, landscapes and engravings – are full of strength and freshness, excellent air and light transmission, simplicity and, at the same time, special dignity and nobility. The artist had a great influence on the development of Russian art.

German artist, graphic artist, sculptor, engraver and architect. He worked in the styles of historical Romanticism, Symbolism and Early modern.In 1892, he became one of the founders of the influential "Society of Berlin Artists", organized exhibitions. He was a member of the Munich Secession, a member of the newly formed Viennese Secession and a professor of the Academy of Fine Arts in Leipzig (since 1897), an honorary member of the Stockholm Academy, had the title of Knight of the Order Pour le merite.A real sensation was the early cycles of 1878 on the theme of the deeds of Christ and Fantasy about the glove. M. Klinger called the depicted "cycles" (events with imaginary fantastic and symbolic realities) "opuses", equating them to musical works.In treatise "Painting and Drawing", which was published in 1891, the author gives an independent meaning to the depiction of the fantastic external world. At the same time, Klinger believed that it was peculiar to the graphics to express such scenes most clearly. Fantasy (a painted story) about the glove is rightly defined by experts as the first Surrealist work. The graphic cycle of "Drama", depicting the revolution of 1848 and the tragedy of the urban "bottom," outlines the line of Social Expressionism.M. Klinger's contribution to sculpture was also original: trying to revive the technique of polychrome plastics, he used various marbles, ivory and gold, bronze and painted alabaster.According to the figurative definition of art, Klinger was "from the family of Durer and Holbein." This is a mournful thoughtfulness, a dramatic pathos, and a contemplative dream. His symbols always embody great feelings and great thoughts.A House-Museum was opened in the artists hometown.

A German artist, graphic illustrator and designer, master of monumental painting.He was born into the family of an influential Prussian statesman in the German city of Darmstadt. Since 1890, Hoffmann lived in Berlin as a free artist.Ludwig von Hoffmann was a member of avant-garde group "Eleven", an active participant of cultural movement "Berlin Secession" and the representative of "Neue Sachlichkeit" (new materiality), the artistic trend of the 1920s, the founder of the "New Weimar" movement. As a teacher, he worked at the art school in Weimar and at the Dresden Academy of Arts, where he directed a class of monumental painting. It was Hoffman who owned the ideas of the spiritual and practical revival of the postulate "art and life are in the context of each other."Among the admirers of the master's work, there were many famous people. for example: Austro-Hungarian Empress Elizabeth, writers Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Mann and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis was a Lithuanian artist and a composer, deservedly considered the ancestor of professional Lithuanian music and an outstanding avant-garde painter who broadly widened the boundaries of national and European culture with his versatile creativity and active civil activity.Born into the Polish-speaking family of a free Lithuanian peasant, who worked as an organist. The mother came from a family of Evangelicals, who emigrated from Regensburg in connection with the persecution of the Catholic Church.Mikalojus was a member of the Vilnius Art Society and the Union of Russian Artists (URA). One of the oldest (opened in 1921) and large Lithuanian museums in Kaunas was named after M. Ciurlionis and contains most of the preserved paintings.

A French artist, graphic artist, ceramist and designer.He was born into the Jewish family of Levy in Algeria. He studied painting and sculpture in Paris. When the artist was young, famous and respected French painter Alexander Cabanel was his teacher. In his studio, Lucien Levy mastered the skills of academic drawing, as well as the technique of working with sculpture. His other teachers: Albert-Charles Wallet, then Rafael Collin made Levy interested in Symbolism and Art Nouveau.Picturesque works by Lucien Levi-Dhurmer are based on the rich traditions of Symbolism, while his design developments are the brightest example of Art Nouveau of the late 19th century. In collaboration with Clement Massier, the artist revolutionized the way of working with ceramics, discovering innovative forms of things and applying entirely new materials and ways of working with them. Original and rich in deep sense artist's work had a great influence on the formation of Art Nouveau in France and the whole world.

A French painter of Dutch origin, graphic artist, designer, Master of Arts. He was born into the family of a talented architect. His father was a wealthy man and gave his son a good education. Georges de Feure was a member of the circle of Symbolist poets and was one of the most prominent representatives of this trend among artists. He used his own poster style, close to modern and extremely expressive. For the new House of Arts, which was founded by French dealer Z. Bing, the artist created a whole series of magnificent works of applied art. At the same time, he was a teacher - led the design class at the School of Fine Arts. Great success came to Georges de Feure at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900, where he designed the facade of the "Modern Pavilion".

A Belgian Neo-impressionist, a member of "the society of Les XX” – the group of artists, designers and sculptors, whose goal was the development of new trends in art.He was born into the family of an architect in Scharbeck, near Brussels. Parents gave Georges Lemman an initial art education at the drawing school.The technique of pointillism was the closest to the artist; in this style Georges Lemmen worked during his greatest artistic period, leaving a beautiful artistic heritage and influencing the development of this art movement not only in Belgium.Thanks to the activities of “the society of Les XX”, Brussels at the end of the XIX century turned into one of the world centers of modern art. Georges Lemmen is known more as a Neo-impressionist, but also made a significant contribution to the development of the Belgian Art Nouveau. He created a large number of book illustrations, posters, graphic works, ceramics, textiles and interior items in this style.

A Russian painter, teacher, writer and set designer, a brother of artist Sergey Korovin. He painted still lifes, portraits. Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin is best known as a landscape painter, a master of open-air painting and a theater artist. Starting with Realism of his itinerant teachers («peredvizhniks»), he worked in the style of impressionism in the future.

Leon Bakst (real name - Leib-Khaim Izrailevich Rosenberg) was a Russian artist of Jewish origin, designer, illustrator and set designer,.He was born into the family of a small merchant, an orthodox Jew. Samuel Rosenberg, his father, was known as an authoritative expert on the Talmud, was adopted by his father-in-law Buster in order to circumvent the law on the Pale of Settlement and ensure the transfer of his only daughter to St. Petersburg.He showed himself as an interesting painter, in particular - a portrait master. The most famous were the portrait of philosopher V. Rozanov, depicted with a statue of Isis, the plot "Portrait of S. Diaghilev with his old nanny," a lyrical portrait of Pavel Tretyakov's daughter Lyubov Gritsenko-Bakst.Leon Bakst worked equally in St. Petersburg and Paris. He was a master of easel painting, in particular, portrait genre, theatrical graphics. An active member and organizer of the association "World of Art", designed theatrical and art projects of S. Diaghilev for many years. The artist became one of the trendsetters of the European fashion for orientalism and suit exotics in the first quarter of the 20th century.

A French artist, graphic artist and designer. Representative of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, one of the founders of the group of artists "Nabis" (French "Nabis", from Hebrew "The Prophets").The works of Vuillard are referred to the genre of "intimism" for the striving for the poetization of everyday life. Paintings of Vuillard, covering not so many themes, differs in harmony and original tonal decision, which makes it quite recognizable even among other "nabists". The artist is famous not only for his paintings, but also for interesting monumental compositions. His frescoes can be seen in the foyer of the theater of the Champs Elysees, in the Palais de Chaillot and the Palace of Nations in Geneva.

Jan (Johann) Thorn-Prikker was a Dutch artist, illustrator and master of arts and crafts, who lived and worked in Germany.His father was an amateur artist. Jan studied painting at the Art Academy of his native city from 1883 to 1887. Student works of the artist were made in the style of impressionism.Jan Thorn-Prikker worked mainly in the art nouveau style (Jugendstil), but also collaborated with Symbolists, participating in the exhibitions of The Belgian Society of Les XX. Thorn-Prikker is famous for his picturesque works, stained-glass windows, decorative murals of temples and public buildings. The great merit of the artist is the revival of the ancient art of glass mosaic, which he not only applied himself but, also taught to numerous students.

Felix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss and French artist and graphic artist, illustrator and master of engraving, who joined the Nabis group (translated from the Hebrew "Prophets") when the groups work was in full bloom.He was born in Swiss Lausanne into the family of notary Protestant Arman Adrien Vallotton and Louise Roseng, the daughter of a baker.Wood engravings (woodcut) in the masterful performance of Vallotton were very widely known. A diversely gifted artist worked in the genres of landscape and still life, interior and portrait, created a series of "nu", close in style to Art Nouveau, and also wrote several novels and plays.In 1927, in the homeland of the artist (during his lifetime, he was not much appreciated there), large commemorative exhibitions were held (Lausanne, Bern), and, in the exposition of 1938 in Zurich, the organizers presented almost 350 works by an outstanding master.

A German painter, graphic artist, designer, publicist and educator. Heinrich Johann Carl Edward Vogeler was a bright representative of Art Nouveau and one of the founders of Künstlerkolonie Worpswede, a colony of artists, where many famous German Impressionists and Expressionists worked.He was born into a wealthy family. Despite the fact that his father wanted to give his son a commercial education, he persuaded his parents to allow him to paint. Henry studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf, where his teachers were Peter Janssen and Eduard von Gebhardt. One of the sources of inspiration for the young artist was the works of Sandro Botticelli. Vogeler admired the paintings of the Italian master and sometimes compared his work to his own.At the turn of the century, the artist was engaged in painting, graphics, decorated interiors, worked with silver, designed Symbolist magazine "Island". His graphics for the tales of the Brothers Grimm in the art nouveau style is characterized by impeccable beauty and grace. Vogeler adhered to the communist views and opposed the military aggression of Germany. Along with numerous articles in the press, he wrote a number of journalistic pamphlets and books of the left orientation. The artist often visited the Soviet Union, and in 1931 moved to live in Moscow to stay there forever.Vogeler created many illustrations for fairy tales and the works of contemporary symbolic poet artists. He also worked in applied art: chasing on silver, decorating interiors, decorating various household items. In 1895, Heinrich Vogeler developed the design of his manor in Barkenhoff, which was built and decorated according to the principles of Art Nouveau. The artist himself developed the design of furniture, dishes and wallpapers, as well as outfits and decorations for his wife.

Fernand-Edmond-Jean-Marie Khnopff was a Belgian painter, graphic artist and sculptor, designer, and author of the decoration of the De La Monnet Theater in Brussels.He was born into a rich bourgeois family from Flanders. His father assumed that his son would become a lawyer and sent him to Brussels to study law. However, Fernand soon left school, deciding to devote himself to painting.Fernand Khnopff was one of the founders of the “Union of XX” group of artists in 1883 and is considered the most prominent representative of Belgian Symbolism in painting. He presented his works mainly in Paris, exhibited his paintings at the first salon "Rose and Cross", and also participated in the exhibition of the Vienna Secession, which united Art Nouveau artists. Khnopff was also a talented art expert and photographer. He mixed different techniques and styles in his painting and made a great influence on the development of European Art Nouveau.Fernand Khnopff was a unique person. He surrounded himself with legends and myths, at the same time, being secretive. In his house-studio, built according to his own project and reminiscent of a theater or a temple of art rather than an ordinary house, he welcomed only his favorites. The only close friend and permanent model of the artist was his sister Margaret, whose appearance he admired and whose image captured in several hundred of his works. Despite this, Khnopff was very popular during his lifetime. He was emulated by young painters and admired by art experts and critics; he was the most influential among Symbolists, and the art of the Belgian artist became a source of inspiration of such a bright talent as Gustav Klimt.

An outstanding Russian painter and draftsman, who worked in the genres of portrait, everyday and plot pictures, theatrical scenery.He was born into the family of a professor of a theological seminary. At an early age his father passed away when Boris was younger than two. Him and his three siblings were raised by a his mother on a small pension, she also gave music lessons and sewed. After graduating from the parish school, he studied at the gymnasium, where he got addicted to drawing. In 1887, when the 15th exhibition of Peredvizhniki artists was opened in Astrakhan, Boris, while watching paintings with admiration, decided to become an artist. His mother, despite the fact that she was poor, supported the aspiration of her son.He was an academician of painting, a member of all the progressive communities of St. Petersburg, created in the early 20th century, but at the same time stood apart from them due to his unique talent. A self-portrait of the artist was placed in the prestigious Florentine Uffizi Gallery, and his House-Museum was opened in Astrakhan. The demand for Kustodiev's art does not diminish - in 2012, the painting "The Cabman" from the collection of P. Kapitza sold for 4.4 million pounds sterling.

An English graphic artist, illustrator, designer, poet and publicist, the largest representative of English Art Nouveau at the end of the 19th century.He was born into a wealthy aristocratic English family. Received comprehensively home education, including music and art. However, his father randomly squandered his family property, and when Aubrey and his sister grew up, they were in need.The main sources of inspiration were paintings of Michelangelo, Botticelli and other Renaissance masters. Also, Aubrey's creative manner was strongly influenced by several art movements.Aubrey Beardsley was one of the creators of the style, known for his brilliant graphic works, most of which are illustrations to the works of such famous authors as O. Wilde, T. Mallory and E. Poe. Beardsley was the art editor of famous magazine "The Yellow Book" and, despite a very short life (only 25 years), became one of the most famous artists of his time and the main figure of the aesthetic movement of the end of the century in England.The author's works are closely connected with musical works and literature. Being comprehensively gifted, Beardsley composed poems and prose. These works, which he illustrated himself, differ in depth, elegance and the refined perception of the world.

A Swiss artist, sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist, who also created numerous wall paintings. He signed his paintings with the pseudonym Emil Sinclair.Cuno Amiet was born into the family of an official (state archivist) in the canton of Solothurn, where he began to take painting lessons.The artist worked in the genres of landscape and portrait. Belongs to the post-impressionist art movement, was a member of the Pont-Aven School, the Nabis group and the Vienna Secession. He was an honorary Doctor of Arts at the University of Berne, as well as an honorary member of the Solothurn Union of Artists, and since 1906 actively participated in the Art Association "The Bridge" (Germany).

A German painter, sculptor, graphic artist and decorator, one of the leaders of Symbolism in the visual arts of Europe in general and Germany in particular.He painted genre pictures and portraits actively using mythological scenes. He became the organizer of the "Munich Secession", which had the greatest success in Europe after Paris Salons. He founded the magazine “Jugeng”, from which the name “Jugendstil”, commonly known for the German style of art nouveau, was derived. For his merits and achievements, the son of a peasant and miller received a noble title, became an honorary doctor of the Technical University of Munich. There is an art museum at the villa that was built and equipped by von Stuck.

A Swiss and French artist of German origin, illustrator, symbolist graphic.Carlos Schwabe is recognized by art historians as one of the main forerunners of Art Nouveau. He received high awards - a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris (1900), membership in the French Legion of Honor (1901). The artist was an illustrator of the lifetime magazines of E. Zola, C. Baudelaire, M. Maeterlink and A. Samain.

A French painter, graphic artist and decorator. He worked at the time of "Age of Fin de siècle" ("The End of the Century"), characterized by the fear of the future, a sense of the inevitability of the approaching end of the world.He was born into the family of an entrepreneur. The father of the future artist supported his son's paintings. Thus, Aman-Jean received education in Italy and Paris.

An Austrian painter and graphic artist, one of the most prominent representatives of Expressionism.Egon's father was a railway worker. From childhood, the boy was fond of drawing, depicting railway tracks, stations and the surrounding areas of ​​his native town. In 1904, the family moved to the outskirts of Vienna, where his father soon died. After his death, his uncle, Leopold Chihachek, brought up Egon.The powerful images of Egon Schiele that destroyed the idea of ​​traditional beauty made him one of the most famous artists of the early twentieth century. In addition to the emotional portraits of stunning emotional emotion, Schiele is famous as an extraordinary person. By his extremely frank works and independent lifestyle, he challenged society and became almost as famous as his outstanding teacher Gustav Klimt. Only the tragic early death, interrupting his creative path, prevented Egon Schiele from becoming the most prominent contemporary artist and making a revolution in European art.

Dutch artist who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. The founder and leader of “De Stijl” (“Style”), a Dutch artistic movement also known as Neoplasticism. As a poet he wrote under the pseudonym I. K. Bonset, and as a philosopher – the pseudonym Aldo Kamini.Van Doesburg was an architect by profession; he learned painting on his own. The artist created his works after long and careful calculation, using mathematical formulas. According to the theory of “Style”, compositions were to be constructed in accordance with the proportional relations between the geometric fragments that are included in their composition.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Simferopol Art Museum (Ukraine).

Mediums: watercolor, whitewash, paper. Location: The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: wood, tempera. Location: St. Petersburg State Central Museum of Musical Culture named after M. Glinki (Russia).

Mediums: plywood, tempera, pastel. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: canvas, tempera, glue, gouache, pastel, chalk, gold, silver foil. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: tempera, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, tempera. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: canvas, tempera, gouache, pastel. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: сardboard, watercolor, white, mascara. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: cardboard, watercolour. Location: The Arkhangelsk Art Museum (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the private collection of Rene Guerra (France).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: the Museum of Oriental Art, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 75 x 98 cm. Location: National Museum, Warsaw.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 154 x 177 cm. Location: National Museum, Poznan.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City (the USA).

The property of the artist’s family.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: T. Shevchenko National Museum, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: T. Shevchenko National Museum, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art (NMUFDA), Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: oil, cardboard. Location: Kiev State Museum of Ukrainian Art.

Location: The Athenaeum gallery, Helsinki, Finland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Материалы: масло, холст. Местонахождение: собственность семьи художника.

Location: Castle of Moravsky Krumlov, Czech Republic.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Castle of Moravsky Krumlov, Czech Republic.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: The original work was not preserved.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: A. Mucha Foundation, Prague, Czech Republic.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, Russia.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: A. Mucha Foundation, Prague, Czech Republic.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: A. Mucha Foundation, Prague, Czech Republic.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Private collection of Manasherovs, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery in Livorno, Italy.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Location:Jason Jacques Art Gallery, New York, USA.

Location: private collection.

Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: watercolors, gouache, paper, cardboard. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: gouache, pencil, watercolor. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Gallery, Prague, Czech Republic.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Austria.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Austria.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Gallery of Modern Art, Rome, Italy.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Gallery of Ottawa, Canada.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Austria.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Gallery Belvedere, Vienna, Austria.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Poltava Art Museum, Ukraine.

Mediums: pencil, paper. Location: Poltava Art Museum. N. Yaroshenko, Ukraine.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Berdyansk Art Museum of I. Brodsky, Ukraine.

Location:The Museum of American Art of Charles Hosmer Morse.

Location:The Museum of American Art of Charles Hosmer Morse.

Location: private collection.

Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Location: Indianapolis Museum of Art, USA.

Location: Church of Arlington Street, Boston, USA.

Location: Chittenden Memorial Stained Glass, Yale University, USA.

Mediums: pastel. Location: National Museum of Kielce, Poland.

Location: National Museum in Warsaw, Poland.

Mediums: pastel. Location: National Museum, Poznan, Poland.

Mediums: pastel. Location: National Museum in Krakow, Poland.

Mediums: pastel. Location: Art Museum, Lódz, Poland.

Mediums: gouache, watercolor. Location: National Museum of Warsaw, Poland.

Mediums: pastel. Location: National Museum in Krakow, Poland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Museum in Krakow, Poland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, panel, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: National Museum of Art of Catalonia, Spain.

Location: The Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Petit Palais, Geneva, Switzerland.

Location: Museum of Leopold, Neubau, Vienna, Austria.

140 x 52,7 см

Location: private collection.

Location: New York Public Library, USA.

Mediums: watercolor. Location: private collection.

Location: unknown.

Color lithography. Location: private collection.

Color lithography. Location: Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, USA.

Location: Museum of Isabella Stuart Gardner, Boston, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: gouache, watercolor, paper on cardboard. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Brodsky's House-Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 39 x 48 сm. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Location: Essen, Germany.

Location: Cologne, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kroller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kroller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kroller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Applied Arts, Cologne, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 240 x 180 сm. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 72,7 x 141 сm. Location: New Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 120 x 120 сm. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Nikolaev Art Museum. Vereshchagin, Ukraine.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: cardboard, tempera, gouache. Dimensions: 100 x 85 сm. Location: Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kiev State Museum of Russian Art, Ukraine.

Mediums: tempera, paper, cardboard. Dimensions: 66,5 x 88,5 сm. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Tate Gallery, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Museum of Art, Boston, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Art Institute of Chicago, USA

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Library of Princeton University, New Jersey, USA.