Symbolism

An outstanding French sculptor, the founder of modern sculpture. Auguste Rodin is rightfully considered the greatest creator of his time, who destroyed the stereotypes in his work and became a model for subsequent generations of sculptors around the world.The unique ability to convey the plasticity and lines of the human body, as well as the complex experiences of the soul, were the main features of the sculptor’s manner. Rodin's work was strikingly different from the traditional canons of Academism. His work expressing the free energy of life and vivid emotions, as well as intimate moments, met with misunderstanding and criticism of contemporaries. Only at the end of the life of the master, his works were appreciated and great success.For a long period, Auguste Rodin worked on a large order - the entrance to the building of the new museum of decorative art in Paris, which was called the "Gates of Hell". The master went so deep into his work that he continued to refine and redo it for eight years. Despite the fact that the museum’s project was never implemented, the elements of the gate, including the famous Thinker, became separate works of art that won the hearts of millions of people with the naturalness of their plasticity and openness of feelings.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

A Russian painter, sculptor, graphic artist and stage designer of Jewish origin, who combined the features of Russian Art Nouveau and avant-garde in his original work. One of the most famous and prominent Yiddish theater artists. Almost one decade spent in France did not make him a member of the Paris School of Art; accused of formalism, Robert Falk rarely exhibited his paintings in his motherland for the last twenty years of his creative career. However, he continued to create easel paintings “for himself”. He showed his works privately as a representative of unofficial art, the inspirer of which he became when he was young. He supported many young artists who visited his workshop.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, master of scenography, teacher, member of the art associations of the symbolists "Blue Rose", "Wreath", the group "Makovets". He was a member of the Union of Russian Artists. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts.

A Czech artist, graphic illustrator, stage designer and writer. Jan Zrzavy was one of the leading representatives of the 20th-century national art avant-garde, one of the founders of the creative association of artists “Sursum”, a member of the Czech Artists Association “Manes” and the Union of Graphic Artists “Gollar”. In 1937, the Nazis declared the master’s works “degenerative art”. In 1965, he was awarded the title People's Artist of Czechoslovakia. In the gallery of Jan Zrzavy in Telci, works that he bequeathed to his people are exhibited.

A Polish artist and teacher, one of the brightest and most emotional representatives of Slavic Symbolism and one of the founders of Art Nouveau in his country. In Poland, the Museum of Contemporary Art named after Jacek Malczewski, the branch of which is located in Radom, the hometown of the artist, has been opened.

Ivan Vasilievich Kliun (born Klyonkov) was a russian avant-garde artist, art theorist, a brilliant representative of several recent art movements, including Suprematism - a special branch of Russian Abstractionism of the first half of the 20th century.A companion and friend, as well as a follower of K. Malewicz, who remained in his shadow and even was unjustly considered the “avant-garde of the second row”, was one of the most original masters in both Cubo-Futurism and Suprematism. His best works, no doubt related to the geometric abstractions of the author of the Black Square, are freer in painting, rich in the play of light and shadow, whimsical in terms of irrationalism of forms, sometimes brought by the author to a super-impressive minimum.These qualities attracted connoisseur and collector George Kostaki, thanks to whom the master's works were preserved and became known later. Traveling to Greece, Kostaki was forced to donate a part of his personal collection to his country; thus, the work of Kliun ended up at the Tretyakov Gallery and other main collections of the USSR.Ivan Kliun was an active participant in the cultural life of the “futuristic” capitals of Russia, an exhibitor of all significant avant-garde exhibitions, a founding member of the Moscow Salon and Supremus associations, an author of several theoretical treatises, a member of the later group Four Arts.

Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari (Xul Solar) was an Argentine artist, sculptor, writer and musician. Oscar Augustin Alejandro Schulz Solari, better known as Xul Solar, played a significant role in the development of Argentina's avant-garde art. He organized many art exhibitions, was friendly with Argentinean writers and was a member of the Florida group, the members of which followed cutting-edge trends in painting and literature.

One of the largest Russian Symbolist artists, a painter and graphic artist. He created paintings in the genres of landscape, portrait, and subject scenes. He belonged to the Saratov school of painting, participated in the exhibitions "Scarlet Rose" and "Blue Rose", was a member of the Moscow Association of Artists and the Union of Russian Artists, and the French Society of Fine Arts. The Museum-Estate of V. Borisov-Musatov is a branch of the Art Museum named after A.N. Radishchev.

A Hungarian artist, leading teacher, a member and one of the leaders of the artists' colony in Nagybagni (now Baia Mare), founder of the art colony in Kecskemet, which has been working up to now. The main theme of his work was rural life.

A Swedish artist and writer, one of the first modernists in his country. Gösta Adrian-Nilsson, who signed his paintings with the acronym GAN, was a comprehensively gifted person. He painted in various avant-garde styles, was an active member of the German progressive group Der Sturm (Storm, Berlin), created talented illustrations for the works of his contemporaries, and also wrote his own poems and fairy tales for children. A great admirer of Oscar Wilde in his youth, Adrian-Nilsson adored the decadent movement of the late 19th century, but at the beginning of the next century joined German Expressionists, Italian Futurists, and later French Cubists, making a considerable contribution to the spread of these art movements in his homeland.

A French artist, a bright representative of symbolism in painting. Edgard Maxence was called "the last of the Symbolists" for his commitment to one single style throughout his life. The artist was an active participant in the Paris Salon, and later a member of its committee, was a member of the jury. He was awarded the gold medal at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900; his art was very popular in society.

A French painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Eugene Carriere is famous as an outstanding teacher, who founded his own art academy and who was a teacher of such great masters as Andre Derain, Jean Puy and Henri Matisse. In 1890, together with Rodin and Puvis de Chavannes, Carriere founds the National Society of Fine Arts; in 1904, he becomes the first president of the newly opened Autumn Salon. On his initiative, the Salon of New Art opens; artists of completely new Art Nouveau style are exhibited there. The work of E. Carriere had a significant influence on Symbolist artists and opened ways for the formation of Fauvism.

A Norwegian painter and graphic artist, famous for his exquisite symbolism style landscapes. Harald Sohlberg devoted his life to depicting his native land, its nature and cities. The most famous are his views of the small town of Røros and the mountain landscapes of Rondane. Despite the fact that the artist was not a member of any creative associations and kept himself apart from the artistic elite of Norway, he was known and was in demand during his heyday; several of his works became covers for books of famous writers. Lyrical and somewhat mysterious canvases of the Norwegian painter are very popular all over the world. Art lovers call the works of Sohlberg “Landscapes for the Soul”.

A Russian artist and theatre artist, a graphic artist and decorator, a bright and original representative of Symbolism and an innovator in the field of scenography. The artist was one of the most influential in the circle of the «Blue Rose», participated in all exhibitions of the group. He is the one who became an author of the emblem – locally blue roses on the cover of the catalog of the exhibition of the group. He worked in the genres of still-life and landscare, created decorative panels and genre paintings, as well as paintings on the themes of theater productions. Sapunov's works, including sketches for scenery, are in the collections of the best museums and galleries in Russia.

A Hungarian Impressionist painter (considered the founder of Hungarian Impressionism, whose pioneer in Hungary was Pal Szinyei Merse), Post-Impressionist and Symbolist. One of the very first and leading representatives and teachers of the Nagybanya school which was founded by Simon Hollosy and functioned in the city of Nagybanya in Transylvania (another name is Baia Mare school). Successfully mastered the genre, including mythological and religious painting, the genre of "nude" and portrait, still life and landscape.

A Belgian artist, illustrator and graphic artist, a brilliant representative of the symbolism of the end of the XIXth century.Felicien Rops stands out for the eccentricity and frankness of his paintings, which shock ordinary people and are appreciated by such famous people as Alfred de Musset, Theophile Gautier and Stephane Mallarme. Felicien Rops became famous primarily for his graphics, which makes up a large part of his artistic heritage, as well as illustrations for the Flowers of Evil by S. Baudelaire. It was said about the artist that he was “born with a pencil in his hand”, so strong was Felicien Rops' desire to capture the world around him and express his attitude towards it.In the artist's hometown, in the building that is an architectural monument of the 18th century, a museum of the Belgian Symbolist artist, the collection of which contains about 1000 works of Rops, was opened.

An English Symbolist painter and sculptor, master of allegorical and mythological paintings, mural master and portraitist popular in his time. Watts is considered one of the most mysterious, prolific and exceptional artists of the Victorian era. He was awarded the knighthood and the title of academician of the Royal Academy of Arts. In Compton (Guilford), the artist and his wife themselves created a gallery, which was renovated and expanded at our time. In the estate Limnerslease, the museum of G. Watts, studios and workshops for the artists were opened.

A Belgian Symbolist painter, graphic artist, a vivid representative of the avant-garde art of Belgium.The parents of the future master kept a souvenir shop. Therefore, the artist's childhood passed among various ancient items, masks and statuettes. This left a big imprint on his work.He is known for his satirical canvases depicting the shortcomings of the society and human vices. The creation of the society of artists "Les XX", in which he was directly involved, contributed to the formation of many young talents. The outstanding artist was elevated to the rank of a national hero and was awarded the baronial title in his motherland. James Ensor is the most famous national painter of Belgium of the beginning of the twentieth century, who gained worldwide recognition.

A Ukrainian painter and book graphics master, art historian and poet.As a cultural figure, he headed the Kiev branch of the Association of Artists of Ukraine, was a member of the board of the All-Ukrainian Department of Arts, a member of the council of the Kiev Art Academy and headed the N. Leontovich Memorial Committee. As a teacher, he taught a course at the Kiev Dragomanov Higher Institute of Public Education and at the Ceramics Institute (Mirgorod). As a prominent art historian, he wrote deeply informative articles, reviews and monographs (“T. Shevchenko”, “Ceramics in Ukraine”, etc.), published books “A Ukrainian song in Moscow popular print”, “Pottery ceramics in Ukraine” (published in Vienna).He was arrested on March 27, 1934 in Kiev as “for preparing an armed uprising” and was sentenced to exile in the Arkhangelsk region. There he died a year later and was buried at the Makarikha cemetery (the grave was not preserved). Was rehabilitated in 1989.

A French symbolist painter, original graphic artist and decorator, a representative of the creative group Nabis (from Hebrew “chosen”, “prophets”; this name was offered by poet Henri Cazalis). Being a contemporary of many great talents and even geniuses of painting and graphics, Roussel managed to create and preserve his own style throughout his long creative life and create his own separate artistic world with large series of paintings devoted to one subject, in particular, to the ancient.

A French (in some sources mentioned as English) artist whose ancestors were Anglo-Austrian.The prominent representative of late Symbolism entered the history of art as a master, who managed to organically "reconcile" various techniques of ideologically different modern art movements in his work. Regularly exhibiting his paintings at the salons of the National Society of Fine Arts of France, taking part in the exhibitions of the Rose and Cross Society and in the Brussels Salon "Free Aesthetics", the artist contributed to the development of Symbolism in Europe.

A British Symbolist painter, a master of monumental painting, illustrator and theater artist. He was a professor of decor and composition at the Scottish School of Art (Glasgow). Being close to contemporary theosophical and mystical groups, Cayley Robinson interpreted existential, philosophical questions in his own way, through mythological and biblical images. The artist was a member of the Royal Society of Watercolourists, the New English Art Club (New English Art Club), in other significant creative unions and organizations of Great Britain. The artist was a member of the Royal Society of Watercolourists, the New English Art Club and other significant creative unions and organizations of Great Britain.

A representative of classic Belgian Symbolism in painting and literature, a famous occultist and mystic, Jean Delville was in the very center of the cultural life of Belgium, both of the end of the 19th and 20th century. His work in the field of art was an integral part of the Belgian idealistic movement of the 1890s and formed the world view of many young talents. He headed the Brussels branch of the Rosicrucian revival and organized the “Salon of Idealistic Art” as an imitation of the Paris Salons of Peladan “The Rose and the Cross”. This salon was visited by the most eminent artists and writers of Brussels.

A French Symbolist painter, sculptor and graphic artist, a member of the Nabi group. As a landscape painter, the author of plot paintings and a sculptor, Lacombe explored Symbolist themes and interpreted them in his own way. Paintings and sculptures by Georges Lacombe are included in the collections of many museums around the world.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

An Outstanding Russian painter and theater artist, a graphic artist and art theorist, a teacher and writer. He was a member of the World of Art group, one of the co-founders of the Free Philosophical Association, a member of the Four Arts association. Participated in the Paris Salons, exhibitions "Golden Fleece", in the international "Baltic Exhibition" (Sweden), the society "Heat Color". Was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia. He devoted a lot of his efforts to the activity of a teacher, to developments in the theory of painting, and was engaged in the reorganization of the system of art education.

A French artist and decorator, the founder of Symbolism. Puvis de Chavannes was a master of monumental painting, who strived to combine two types of art – easel painting and decorative panel; he succeeded in this. His works, which adorned the buildings of the Paris Pantheon, the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, the Sorbonne and other architectural ensembles, are the embodiment of artistic thought in the interior and look extremely harmonious, emphasizing architectural advantages. The paintings of Puvis de Chavannes, filled with truly symbolic sound, had an enormous influence on the further development of European visual art; his teaching activity was impetus for the formation of the talent of many young artists.

A French artist, one of the most prominent representatives of the first wave of Symbolism. Painting mythological plots and not recognizing Impressionism that was popular at the end of the 19th century, Gustave Moreau was one of the leading painters of his time. As a talented teacher, he educated a whole galaxy of outstanding artists who admired his extraordinary vision of color and form, stunning intelligence and outlook. Without exaggeration, we can say that the work of Gustave Moreau determined the direction of development of painting in Europe and served as a kind of bridge between classical painting and the art of the future.

A Finnish artist, graphic artist and photographer, a master of monumental painting, the most famous representative of Finnish Symbolism. The artist's work is famous for its deep images - the oppositions of life and death, dark and light, angels and demons. Hugo Simberg is one of the authors of monumental murals and stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. John the Theologian in Tampere. His painting “The Wounded Angel” became an icon of symbolism, reflecting the essence of this art movement in Scandinavian countries.

The largest Russian artist, painter and set designer.One of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, Aristarkh Lentulov is certified as a brave experimenter and a "sunny" artist in the history of fine art. He was a member of the Jack of Diamonds group and was one of the first to work at the junction of figurative and subjectless painting; he was the first to choose a colour as the orientation in painting. The organizer and chairman of the Society of Moscow Artists, a professor at several educational institutions.

A Czech and Slovak Impressionist painter, graphic artist, landscape painter, talented teacher and writer, art critic, one of the pioneers of Czech and Slovak Impressionism, as well as Symbolism and modernism. The active civil position of the artist was reflected in his work on the creation of private painting schools, and then in the participation of the establishment of the Association of Moravian Artists.

A Ukrainian artist of Russian descent, a master of etching and linocut.In addition to teaching, he published the magazine "Argonauts" - he was its art editor and an author of research articles on the history of art of Symbolism. Until 1968, they the artist was little known, until his paintings were donated by the master’s son to the art museum of Dnepropetrovsk. Now he is recognized (along with Y. Mikhailov) as a truly consistent Symbolist in the history of Ukrainian art. His works are often exhibited at the National Art Museum of Ukraine and are exhibited at the "Art Arsenal" - a popular cultural and art complex in Kiev.

An English painter and illustrator, close to the Pre-Raphaelites in spirit, one of the prominent representatives of the movement "Arts and Crafts".He was famous for his stained glass; also, he worked in other crafts: designed jewelry, ceramic tiles and tapestries. He was knighted (1894), supported the ideas of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the Aesthetic Movement.

Fedor Grigorevich Krychevsky was an outstanding Ukrainian painter, teacher and an active public figure, the first rector of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts; he was a professor at the Kiev Art Institute for many years, was awarded the title "Honored Artist of Ukraine" (1940).He was born into a family of a baptized Jew, a Zemstvo paramedic. He was one of eight children and grew up in the Ukrainian small village of Malaya Vorozhba (Kharkiv region) on the Psel River. The talent of Fedor, just like the talent of his elder brother Vasily (the future outstanding architect and artist), manifested itself early - he painted with coal, embroidered his own compositions, molded figures of clay. In the 1890s, the talented guy was noticed by Count V. Kapnist, in the estate of whom Fedor got acquainted with painting, could read books from a rich library, began to copy paintings from albums and original works of art.An example of Ukrainian Art Nouveau was Krychevsky’s monumental triptych "Life" (1925-1927), exhibited in Europe and the United States. Many prominent Ukrainian artists (the Kiev school) consider themselves students of Professor Krychevsky. The main works of the artist are in the permanent exposition of the National Art Museum of Ukraine.

A Swedish artist, graphic artist, talented illustrator, a brilliant representative of Scandinavian Symbolism.During his short life, Ivar Arosenius created a large number of fantastic and fabulous works inspired by folk beliefs and legends. He collaborated with several magazines, illustrated children's fairy tales and became popular especially thanks to the children's book, “The Cat's Journey”, which he wrote for his daughter Lillan. This small book, illustrated by the author, is a classical example of Swedish children's literature. In 1905, Ivar received positive reviews at the Salon of Independent in Paris, and in the fall of that year his first solo exhibition was successfully held in Stockholm; if not for his early death, Ivar Arosenius would probably become the greatest artist of his time.

An Austrian artist, illustrator and engraver. Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin worked in his own artistic style, which became the forerunner of Expressionism and Surrealism in the visual art of the twentieth century.Born into a rich family. He studied at the gymnasium in Salzburg. As a child, Alfred had to endure several tragic events, including the death of his mother, at whose grave he wanted to commit suicide at the age of 16. The relationship with the father of the artist was always difficult, but despite this, he financed his son's trip to Munich, where he studied visual arts.Kubin took part in the creation of the “New Association of Artists of Munich”, was a member of the Munich group “Blue Horseman” and repeatedly participated in Expressionist exhibitions in Germany. The artist created a large number of book illustrations, made in a special fantastic and grotesque manner.In addition to art, Alfred Kubin showed himself as a talented writer. He is the author of the science fiction novel The Other Side and a number of mystical stories included in the book “Der Guckkasten”. The original style of the artist influenced many German Expressionists, such as Paul Klee, Georg Grosz and others.

The famous Czech artist, one of the most famous representatives of Art Nouveau. From childhood, he showed his musical and art abilities. He was brought up under the influence of two powerful cultural forces: the Catholic Church with the beauties of its service and attributes and the desire of the Slavs to be independent from the Austrian Empire. Alfons Mucha was the author of decorative works and numerous posters in a bright, inimitable style, which brought him fame and wide popularity. In addition, the artist showed himself as a talented designer who designed the interior of Prague's most famous modernist buildings - the Municipal House, the hotel "Europe" and "Imperial", as well as an illustrator, a jeweler and a theater set designer. Since 1906, Alfons Mucha worked as a teacher at the Art Institute of Chicago, but after some time he returned home, to create a series of monumental paintings that reveal the history of the Slavic nation. Decorative works of the artist embody the aesthetics of his era and are the icon of Art Nouveau.

A Dutch painter, graphic artist, master of stained glass, ceramist and illustrator.He was born into an Indonesian-Dutch family. The artist's father was an island resident, and his mother was a British subject.Jan Theodor Toorop was the largest representative of Symbolism in Dutch painting, who worked in a variety of art styles and techniques. The influence of Jan Toorop on the development of European avant-garde painting is difficult to overestimate. The artist left a bright mark on the art of England, Holland and Belgium, where he periodically lived, communicated with the most outstanding figures of art and was in various art associations. The author's unique style is a mixture of Symbolism with a Modernist presentation and mysterious Indonesian motifs, which impressed his contemporaries and had a large number of followers around the world.

A Danish animal painter and, to a lesser extent, portrait painter and landscape painter. In other areas, he is known for his work in the etching technique, as an illustrator and as a master of wall painting.The family of Johannes belonged to the artistic environment. His mother was the sister of famous artist Johan. When he was a child, he met artists Hans Schmidt and Theodor Philipsen.Larsen stood at the origins of the new art of Denmark, preferring to work in the open air. One of the leaders of a significant and influential group, known as "The artists of Fyn Island" in the history of art. Received orders for monumental paintings of the royal Christiansborg Castle (reception hall, the ceiling of the library), frescoes for the celebration halls in the Odense municipality, the capital of Fyn Island. In the house of the artist, built according to his project, there is a state museum.

A Swiss painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of the European Art Nouveau.The artist was born into a poor family of a carpenter and a peasant woman, he was the eldest of six children. When Hodler was eight years old, he lost his father and two younger brothers. His mother Margaret married a widower with five children; her stepfather was an artist and designer and became the first teacher for Ferdinand – when he was nine years old, he was put to work, helping his stepfather draw simple signs. The boy continued his studies in the town of Thun, where his teacher was a local painter Ferdinand Sommer.Ferdinand Hodler is known as the author of the original artistic method - parallelism, which later became one of the main in the style of art nouveau. He created several monumental canvases and decorative panels adorning public buildings in Switzerland and Germany, thus making a significant contribution to historical painting. Hodler's art was a success among his colleagues; his works were admired by such great artists as Puvis de Chavannes and Gustav Klimt, as well as sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artist was a participant in the mystical Rosicrucian order and exhibited his paintings at the Symbolist Salon "Rose and Cross."

An outstanding Georgian painter, a monumentalist, graphic artist, illustrator, talented teacher, professor of the Academy of Arts of Georgia. He worked in the styles of Post-impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism and Primitivism.He was born in a fairly well-to-do family of a railway employee. The boy's mother soon began to notice his great ability to draw. Parents bought Lado a bicycle, and he traveled 20 km to Mtskheta to paint ancient churches there.The painter that lived in Paris a long time and became famous in Europe and America, became the embodiment of innovative trends in painting in his country. He was the first professional artist to depart from the gloomy palette characteristic of the Georgian fine arts. He worked in different modern styles, avoiding only non-figurative styles and is considered the continuer of the ideas of great Pirosmani. Lado Gudiashvili was a member of various creative communities, was awarded high state ranks and prizes (People's Artist, Hero of Labor, etc.)The creativity of Lado Gudiashvili differs in an incredible variety of genre and technique of performance: he wrote with oil, watercolor, gouache, worked in a mixed technique, performed wall painting, created graphic works of art. In the artist's heritage, there are portraits and landscapes, historical paintings and allegorical, mythological and even political works. The nature of the canvas is either epic, or philosophical, or lyrical. Probably, therefore, the master himself refrained from assessing his style, which, nevertheless, is easily recognized, because the motives of his work, especially the early ones, are almost exclusively Georgian.In the capital of Georgia, the house-museum of Gudiashvili was opened, one of the squares of Tbilisi was named after him. The artist's paintings continue to excite the viewer and remain in demand. For example, in 2013, the Sotheby's house sold painting "Temptation" for 1.2 million dollars.

An Austrian landscape painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of Austrian Symbolism. Karl Mediz was one of the leaders of the art association “Hagenbund”, which was the first society of independent artists of Austria, and afterwards a member of the Vienna Secession. For most of his life, he worked with his wife, artist Emilie Mediz-Pelikan, who was a talented graphic artist and landscape painter. During the bombing of Dresden in World War II, all the property of the artist, including paintings, was lost; his art was undeservedly forgotten. It was only in 1986 that a major exhibition of his works took place; the work of Karl Metiz was talked about as one of the most prominent in the history of Austrian art at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, a master of portrait and landscape, a book illustrator and theater artist, the author of a series of works of small plastics.He was born into the family of art historian Andrei Somov, who worked as the curator of the Hermitage. His mother, Nadezhda Lobanova, was a talented musician and a well-educated lady. Konstantin had been interested in art since childhood.Somov was one of the leaders of The World of Art society in its first and second variations; he was actively engaged in organizing exhibitions in Russia and Europe and worked in the magazine of the same name. He was also a member of the Union of Russian Artists. Thanks to his exceptional portrait talent, Somov preserved for the history and descendants the appearance of dozens of significant personalities of his Russian era - A. Blok and M. Kuzmin, A. Benois and S. Rachmaninov, F. Sologub and V. Ivanov, as well as Russian Parisians.

An outstanding Austrian artist of Jewish origin, a decorator, a master of monumental painting, who played a big role in the development of Art Nouveau.His father was a hereditary jeweler from Bohemia, but did not have a stable income. His mother, Anna Finster, was a studious but not very successful musician. Gustav was the second of seven children of a Jewish family. Klimts were poor, in the early years of the Habsburg Empire, the work was not enough, especially for ethnic minorities. At an early age, Gustav and his two brothers, Ernst and Georg, showed their obvious artistic talents, and Gustav was noted as an exceptional draftsman.Gustav Klimt was one of the founders of the Vienna Secession - the association of progressive artists who protested against traditional painting. He became the first President of the Secession and the organizer of exhibitions of the society. Since 1898, Klimt had been collaborated with the art magazine named "Sacred Spring", in which the works of Symbolists Beardsley, Moreau, Puvi de Chavannes were published. The artist's work, aimed at introducing avant-garde trends in Austrian painting, played a key role in the development of the country's fine arts of the early twentieth century.

Giovanni Segantini was an outstanding Italian and Swiss master of landscape, portrait and plot paintings, who praised the Alps and their inhabitants in his works.Giovanni was the son of a poor street vendor Agostino Segantini; he early orphaned. In his youth, the artist lived in Milan with his half-sister, who made sure that the 7-year-old boy was deprived of his Austrian citizenship. All his life he lived without citizenship and the passport of any country.When he was alive, his paintings were already exhibited in Paris and Amsterdam, Milan and Vienna, St. Petersburg and other major art centers in Europe. However, the painter himself could not travel together with his paintings and could not study those masters whom he heard much about, because he never managed to obtain any citizenship and passport in his entire life.

A Ukrainian artist, master of painting and graphics, author of large panels on themes of myths, portraitist, landscape painter and painter of everyday genre, illustrator.He was born into the family of Grigory Grigorievich Myasoedov, а famous genre painter, one of the founders of the Wanderers movement and artist Ksenia Ivanova. Myasoedov married Ksenia when she was already pregnant with a child whom he did not accept for a long time. His godfather was certain Zotov - Ivan later used this name in emigration. Father, not allowing his wife to show maternal feelings and suggesting the boy that he was a foundling, gave the child to the family of his friend A. Kiselev, a talented Wanderer and landscape painter.Ivan was the creator of the first postage stamps of the Principality of Liechtenstein, listed in all the catalogs. In Liechtenstein, in honor of the 100th anniversary of "Professor E. Zotov", a series of stamps dedicated to him was issued; in 1992, the Art Society named after E. Zotov (I. Myasoedov) was created and bought from the artist’s heirs and collectors more than 3 thousand works of Myasoedov and built a modern museum for them.He wrote the Manifesto of Nakedness, which was included in book “Nudity on the Stage”. The publication caused many protests of the zealots of morality, but the portrait of I. Myasoedov, placed in it, makes it possible to see the "antique" look of the author himself with tattooed eyelids (circus artist's make-up). In those young years, the artist professionally took a great interest in photography and created series of photocompositions on mythological and historical themes, starring nude in the role of an ancient hero, Bacchus or Mercury.In total, Ivan Grigorievich, the son of G. Myasoedov, the founder of the Wanderers, created more than 4 thousand paintings and graphic works.

A Belarusian and Polish landscape painter, graphic artist and designer, theater designer and book illustrator, as well as a publicist.Being a talented teacher, he was a professor at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw and at the Krakow Academy of Arts. He was a member of the Committee for the Restoration of the Vilnius University, a chairman of the commission for the protection of historical monuments, a member of the Art Association and a member of the “Sztuka” society (“Art”), which was organized by Polish artists of modernist orientation. He was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor (1921, France).A gymnasium in Lithuania and one of the streets of Minsk are named after Ferdinand Ruszczyc.

Jens Ferdinand Willumsen was a Danish Symbolist artist, most of whose career was in France.He was born into the family of an entrepreneur who lived and worked in Copenhagen.Jens Willumsen was close to the creative school of Pont-Aven, due to his acquaintance with Paul Gauguin and collaborated with the artists of the Nabi group, taking part in collective exhibitions. He was one of the organizers of the "Free Exhibition" in Copenhagen, which united avant-garde artists of Denmark and was the architect of the exhibition pavilion of the group. Willumsen worked as a painter, graphic artist, engraver, ceramist, sculptor, architect and photographer. He used almost all available art tools and boldly experimented with the form, color and material in his works.

Martiros Sergeevich (Sarkisovich) Saryan was a Russian and Armenian landscape painter, graphic artist and theater artist.He was born into an Armenian patriarchal family. In 1897-1904, he passed a course at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.An active participant in the exhibitions of “Blue rose”, The Union of Russian artists, “The World of art”, the magazine “Gold Fleece", the association "Four Arts". The founder of the Academy of Arts in Armenia had a title of academician, People’s Artist of the USSR, Hero of social labor, was awarded state prizes. The creativity and activity of M. S. Saryan played a leading role in the formation of the national Armenian school of painting. The House-Museum of Martiros Saryan was opened in Yerevan.“Nature creates a man, in order to look at itself with its eyes, to enjoy its amazing beauty,” - said the artist about creativity.

Russian artist, restorer and teacher Nikolai Gushin received recognition as an author of landscapes, still lifes and plot compositions, draftsman.He was born into a poor family of a village teacher in the village of Taloklyuchinsky Vyatka province. He spent his childhood and youth in provincial Perm’, where the family had moved. In 1908-1910, simultaneously with studying at the Bekhterevsky Psychoneurological Institute (general education department, St. Petersburg), Gushin was a student of Ya. S. Goldblatt, visited his preparatory classes of painting and drawing.Not betraying his style of the symbolism of images, he painted ordered portraits, which were liked by the public and willingly bought by art collectors. The artist participated in the Paris Salons, exhibited his paintings at the Royal Academy of London, in the cities of Germany and the United States. An active organizer of the art school in Saratov and the first creative association of the Prikamye "Union of Free Artists". Gushin’s works are exhibited at the city museums of Paris and Grenoble, Monte Carlo and Nice, but the largest collection belongs to the Saratov Art Museum.

A Ukrainian painter, innovator, graphic artist and talented teacher.Oleksa was born into the family of a forester, who worked at the estate of the aristocratic Polish family of Brzozowski. Count Tadeusz Grokholsky, the brother-in-law of the landowner, noticed the gifted guy and advised his sister to allocate Novakivsky scholarship and thus ensure his education.The work of the artist covers different genres: landscapes and portraits, still-lifes and plot pictures. Novakivsky created the first in Western Ukraine Art School of a new type headed the Faculty of Art of the Lviv Secret Ukrainian University. UNESCO declared 1972 a year of the artist’s memory; in the same year, the art and memorial museum of O. Novakivsky was opened in Lviv, in the house where he lived and worked for more than 20 years.

A Russian artist of Greek origin, a significant representative of the modernist direction "symbolism" and a prominent figure.He was born into a Greek-rooted family. He also had family ties with the Moscow clans of the Morozovs, Alekseevs and Korsh. He spent summer time with his brothers in the estate of Prince Golitsyn Kuzminki near Moscow.He was one of the active organizers and participant in the Blue Rose exhibition (Moscow), one of the founders and participants in the revived association World of Art (St. Petersburg), was a member of its committee. He was active abroad: became one of the founders of the Russian House of Arts in Berlin, a member of the Paris Society for the Preservation of Russian Cultural Property, various Parisian Committees to raise money for creative purposes. He taught at the Russian School of Painting in Paris. The French government acquired the self-portrait of the artist. Personal exhibitions of the artist were held in Brussels, Yalta, Paris, Biarritz.

Synopsis.A famous Polish painter, graphic artist, master of arts and crafts, writer and playwright, a talented teacher.He was born into the family of a professional sculptor. After the death of his mother, he was brought up in the family of Stankevichs – the maternal line relatives, which gave Stanisław a good education. Despite the fact that Krakow was a provincial town of Austria-Hungary, it retained the best traditions of Polish culture, and the Stankevichs' house was constantly visited by people close to art. Here the future artist got acquainted with his mentor, famous painter Jan Matejko, who noticed the artistic talent of the boy.Stanisław Wyspianski played one of the leading roles in the cultural movement "Young Poland", being engaged in the revival and popularization of national culture. Critics even call him "the fourth Polish prophet" along with such outstanding cultural figures as Mickiewicz, Slovak and Krasinsky. The artist is known as the author of several monumental murals and mosaics in the churches of Lviv, Krakow and other cities. He was an active participant of the influential art community "Art" and the editor of the progressive magazine "Life", and his satire play "Wedding", mocking the shortcomings of contemporary Polish society, was very popular. Stanisław Wyspianski made a great contribution to the development of Polish art and national self-consciousness through his versatile creative work.

A Russian artist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an academician.Mikhail was born into the family of a professional military lawyer and adjutant of the Separate Siberian Corps. He tried to draw from the age of five.The phenomenally gifted Vrubel created works in almost all genres and types of fine art: in painting and drawing, theatrical art and decorative sculpture, monumental painting and even architecture - the mansion of S. Mamontov, the church in Talashkino, the pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris were designed by Mikhail Vrubel.

A Russian Symbolist painter, restorer, graphic artist and teacher.Born into the family of a railroad worker who was a station manager. After moving to Saratov, he stayed with his mother Olga Varfolomeevna (his father left the family) and helped her, willingly making ornaments of flowers, herbs and foliage. In the 1890s, he studied at the Saratov studio of the Society of Fine Arts Lovers and at the Bogolyubovo drawing school.One of the organizers of the first exhibition of the Symbolists «Scarlet Rose» in Saratov; Moscow exhibitions "Blue Rose". He was a professor at the painting faculty of the All-Russian Academy of Arts. He worked in the genres of landscape, still life, decorative panels, magazine and book graphic illustration. The works, most of which were destroyed in the Moscow fire and in besieged Leningrad, are in the main museums, galleries and private collections in Russia.

A Norwegian Expressionist, graphic artist and illustrator. Nikolai Astrup was the founder of the Norwegian national landscape, who depicted the beauty of Western Norway in his own original and bright manner.The father of the future artist was a priest; he was appointed a vicar in the town of Yelster, where the whole family moved. Nikolai grew up in a picturesque area among mountains and forests; from childhood, he showed an interest in fine art. After graduating from high school in Trondheim, he returned home and began to teach reading and writing to his younger brothers and sisters. At this time, he began to draw a lot, although nowhere did he learn painting professionally. The artist's early works were mainly on religious themes.Having visited many European countries and trained in the best educational institutions in Paris, the artist retained deep affection and loyalty to his homeland. On his return home, he settled in the modest town of Yelster, where he lived his whole life, having a large family, farming and painting the views of nearby mountains, lakes and valleys. Despite the fact that after his death the artist's work was forgotten for some time, Nikolai Astrup is considered one of the greatest Norwegian artists of the early 1900s. His works are sold at prestigious auctions and are highly appreciated among collectors around the world.

A Russian artist, stage-designer, philosopher, teacher and writer.Born into the family of famous St. Petersburg notary Konstantin Fedorovich Roerich. In his childhood, he studied with draftsman and sculptor M. Mikeshin.Roerich as a prominent public figure was the head of the association "World of Art", the founder of international movements "World through Culture", "Banner of Peace", the New York Institute of United Arts, the American International Center "Corona Mundi", the author of the Roerich Pact. The total list of organizations which Roerich was a member of, totals approximately 60.Roerich created approximately 7000 paintings, systematized in cycles and series (Old Russian, Mongolian and Tibetan, Himalayan, etc.), which are located in major museums, famous galleries of the world. The artist received prestigious awards not only in Russia, but also in Yugoslavia, France and Sweden. One of the oldest art educational institutions in St. Petersburg is the school named after N.K. Roerich.In the world, more than a dozen museums of Nicholas Roerich are open and functioning. Active is the Roerich’s movement "Agni Yoga" (Living Ethics).

Thomas Cooper Gotch was an English artist, a prominent representative of the first wave of a famous creative colony - the Newlin School of painting.Born into a Victorian well-to-do family of a middle class, was the fourth son. His family members were engaged in the production and sale of shoes, and Thomas worked for some time in the shoe store after school.He was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Arts, became the organizer of the School of Applied Arts (Newlin Industrial Classes), which trained teenagers from the surrounding villages, a founding member of the Royal British Colonial Society of Artists, and also participated in the creation of the New English Art Club. Apart from the plot paintings, he created portraits, which brought the greatest income, and landscapes, illustrated books.

An Austrian artist who worked in the style of Expressionism.He was born into a well-to-do Jewish family. The father of the artist was a rich businessman of Hungarian origin; his mother was a Czech-German Catholic. Richard did not study well at school; was expelled from the prestigious institution in Vienna, with the record "disciplinary difficulties» in his characteristic. The wealthy parents even hired private teachers for the young man.Richard Gerstl was known for his unique portraits revealing the essence of the human soul and based on the teachings of Freud. The artist was a rebel and freethinker; his work was not properly assessed among his contemporaries. Gerstl lived only 25 years, though in his short life managed to make an invaluable contribution to the development of European Expressionism. His psychological painting served as the basis for the German branch of this movement, the brightest representative of which is Oskar Kokoshka.

A Russian Symbolist painter and graphic artist, theater artist and decorator.Sergey was born into the family of a lieutenant colonel who served in the Gendarmerie Separate Corps. In 1897–1909, he studied (with a break in 1902 due to temporary exclusion because of the presentation of his works of frivolous content at the student exhibition) at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; was a student of A. Arkhipov, A. Stepanov, A. Vasnetsov, N. Kasatkina, L. Pasternak.He was one of the organizers of the Blue Rose group, as well as a founding member of the revived “World of Art”, a member and designer of the literary cabaret “Stray Dog”, a participant in the expositions “Wreath” and “Wreath-Stefanos”, movements that played a significant role in the history Russian art. S. Sudeikin published his graphic works in the magazines "Libra", "Apollo", "Golden Fleece", "Satyricon" and "New Satyricon".

A Romanian Impressionist (landscape, portrait, still-life) and a master of monumental paintings, the creator of the Romanian school of painting of the early 20th century.Born into the family of major Dumitru Luchian, who lived after resigning in the Botosani district, Stefanesti village.S. Luchian became one of the initiators of the Ileana Society of the dissemination of artistic taste in Romania and was an active participant of it. At the same time, the society published a magazine with the same name, for which the artist wrote articles on art criticism. S. Luchian received a high award - the Medalia Bene Merenti medal of the 1st class (1909).In 1981, a feature film was made about the life of S. Luchian.

A Ukrainian artist, draftsman, graphic artist. An original avant-garde artist of the beginning of the 20th century, who did not receive systematic art education due to an extremely short life (20 years), became one of the brightest Ukrainian representatives of Art Nouveau.At an early age, he showed the talent of a draftsman. He learned the basics of fine art from A. Roshchina. His first fine art teacher was Poltava resident Ivan Myasoedov, the son of Grigory Myasoyedov, the famous master of everyday scenes and the founder of The Wanderers group.The works of Vsevolod Maksimovich (26 paintings), which arrived in Kiev in 1926, were first exhibited by the National Art Museum of Ukraine in 1996. Exhibition "Crossroads: Modernism in Ukraine, 1910-1930", which took place at the Chicago Cultural Center with the participation of the paintings of V. Maksimovich, caused a big resonance in 2007.All the main paintings of Vsevolod Maksimovich were preserved by young futurist poet Nadezhda Nikolayeva (she wrote poems under pseudonym Nadia Elsner), in which the artist was unrequitedly in love. In 1925, Fedor Ernst, an employee of the All-Ukrainian Historical Museum, purchased 26 paintings from her. T. Shevchenko (now it is the National Art Museum in Kiev). The works were shown at the exhibition and displayed in the catalog only in 1996. The works of the Poltava resident showed that Art Nouveau embraced almost all European countries in the early 20th century, left a notable mark in Ukrainian culture. However, in the following decades, they were considered "decadent" and "ideologically harmful".

Walter Crane is an English painter and graphic artist, illustrator, designer, writer and publicist. Walter Crane achieved popularity as a children's book illustrator, talented not only in illustrating novels of classics but also his own works.The first teacher of the artist was his own family member - his father Thomas Crane, who professionally studied painting and was known as a wonderful miniature master. In his father's studio, Walter took his first steps in the visual arts, drawing numerous portraits, scenes from everyday life, nature - everything that surrounded him. Noticing his son's ability to paint, he sent him to study at the engraving workshop of William Linton, whose radical moods influenced the worldview of the beginning artist to a large extent. In particular, made him interested in socialist ideas.The artist was engaged in the design of several magazines, created sketches of tapestries, textiles, carpets, mosaics, ceramics and stained glass. He was a manager of the exhibitions of the Society of Arts and Crafts, which had a great influence on the development of applied art and design throughout the world. Crane was also engaged in teaching, wrote several scientific works in the field of design, which were in high demand throughout Europe. Since 1898, the artist held a responsible post as a head of the Royal College of Art in London. The artist's works are in the Louvre; the Uffizi Gallery (Florence) ordered him a self-portrait.

A Ukrainian and Polish artist and designer, who lived most of his life in Kiev, a bright representative of Art Nouveau.His parents were Polish nobles from an ancient family and gave his son a good education. Wilhelm graduated from the classical gymnasium in Warsaw. During his studies, he attended an art school under the direction of Rafal Hadzevich, who taught him the skills of classical drawing and painting, and instilled in him a love for the art of the Renaissance.Wilhelm Kotarbinski is the author of numerous philosophical and fantastic canvases, skillfully combining the features of Art Nouveau, Symbolism and a vivid personal style in his work. The artist was an outstanding draftsman, received many awards in Italy and the Russian Empire. In Kiev, Kotarbinski created paintings for the Vladimir Cathedral, which became the best example of church painting of the late nineteenth century and made the artist's name popular throughout the country. The works of the Polish painter were in great demand; he carried out orders for the design of private houses of wealthy citizens. Some of his best works are 13 decorative panels for the house of patrons Khanenko in Kiev (now it is the building of the museum).

Polish and Czech artist and graphic artist. One of the most famous European painters, who left a legacy in the late Symbolism and the modern era.Was born in Austro-Hungarian Prague (Karlin district), in the family of Czech Ferdinand Hoffman and Polish woman Teofila Terletskaya and was the youngest of six children.Hofmann is a representative of large artists' societies "Art" and "Young Poland", Czech association "Manes". The first Polish artist, who became a member of the Vienna Secession. In Poland, the merits of Wlastimil Hoffman were marked by the Gold Medal (1929), the Golden Cross (1933), The Order of Polonia Restituta (1937 and 1961), and the Czech Order of the White Lion (1948).One of the art critics called Wlastimil Hoffman, a prominent representative of the late era of Polish Symbolism, "a painter of inner glow."The House of Hoffmann in Szklarska Poręba on the street of his name according to his will works as a mini museum for tourists and is open as a studio for artists.

Polish artist, outstanding painter and graphic artist Wojciech Weis is one of the key figures of Polish modernism. Wojciech began to study as an artist in Lviv. Then he attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at first as a free listener. Artist recognized and appreciated during his lifetime; he was a member of the Vienna Secession and the Society of Polish Artists, the professor and rector of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. The master had a huge influence on the development of Polish culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite all the titles and awards, Wojciech Weiss was in constant creative search, experimenting with a variety of techniques and trends in painting. The artist enriched Polish art with the latest European tendencies and contributed to the cultural rise of the country, which was called "Young Poland". The museum of the artist is opened in Krakow.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist, a painter and graphic artist who worked in Russia and France, a member of “The World of Art”, one of the first women who simultaneously entered the history of painting of Ukraine, Russia and France. Known for the portraits of outstanding people of her time, paintings on rural themes and monumental paintings.Zinaida was born into a family of prominent masters. Nikolai Benois, the grandfather of her mother, was a famous architect, her father Eugene Lansere, who died early, was a famous sculptor, her uncle, A. Benois, was an outstanding contemporary artist. After the death of the head of the family in 1886, the mother and six of her children moved to St. Petersburg, but they spent each summer at Neskuchnoye and Veseloye estates. The family visited the Hermitage and theaters, did not miss a single exhibition. All relatives were engaged in creative work and encouraged the studies of Zina, who had been painting since childhood. The choice of the portrait genre was prompted by communication with numerous relatives - bright masters (uncle A. Benois, brothers Lansere, etc.) and guests, such as K. Somov, A. Akhmatova, J. Annenkov. Later, in Paris, she painted S. Prokofiev, artist S. Ivanov, and others.Due to the tragically developing life (and political) circumstances, and also because of her very modestly shy and unpractical nature, Z. E. Serebryakova received deserved recognition only in the 1960s, when a number of exhibitions successfully took place in several cities of Russia. In France, the artist was rarely exhibited, but her magnificent portraits were popular. In the homeland of the artist in the village of Neskuchnoye near Kharkov, there are "Neskuchnoye plein-airs" of her name, and there is The Serebryakova’s Foundation created by her children Alexander and Catherine in France. Critics and connoisseurs characterized Serebryakova as an outstanding master of "European significance", but the voice of the artist, whose art was almost realistic, drowned in the noise around abstract arts and other new delights. In art history, however, there are terms "serebryakova’s painting" and " serebryakova’s portrait”. The canvases of the artist adorn the collections of the best museums of Europe, Ukraine and Russia.

Polish artist, draftsman, graphic artist and book illustrator. He was born in the family of a cashier of the bank, was one of eleven children. Witold was interested in art from childhood.He also wrote satirical texts for «Kolets» magazine, actively participated in the activity of "Green Balloon" cabaret, in the publication of elite magazine "Liberum Veto" under the pseudonym "Count Voitek". Was engaged in book graphics. He created a collection of travesty-retellings of the works by the most respected artists, among whom there were Olga Boznanska, Jan Stanislavsky and Leon Vichulkovsky. Being affected by the spirit of fantasy, Wojtkiewicz was able to portray the imaginary world as real. He depicted scenes with children inspired by fairy-tale plots ("Kidnapping of the princess"). Burlesque scenes in the style of Toulouse-Lautrec are, at the same time, more often not deprived of lyricism.Not surviving by his thirtieth birthday, the artist managed to leave a legacy that preceded the development of Expressionism and Surrealism.In 1976, a large retrospective exhibition of the artist was held at the Polish National Museum of Krakow.

Vilhelm Hammershøi was one of the most famous artists of Denmark, whose fame spread far beyond his motherland.He was born and raised in the family of well-to-do merchants. He was fond of painting from the age of eight and that was supported by his parents.Inspired by Whistler's painting, he painted portraits and landscapes in restrained tones, as well as half-empty and mysterious interiors that brought him fame. The artist traveled a lot, showing his paintings in major European cities, but preferred to work in his native Copenhagen. Together with his brother-in-law Peter Ilsted, he was a member of the "Free Exhibition", a progressive art society that united avant-garde artists in Denmark. Vilhelm Hammershoi was a successful artist, whose paintings were very popular and which were enthusiastically reviewed by such great artists as Renoir and Sargent. Hammershoi's paintings are often compared to the works of the famous classic painter Jan Vermeer, his contemporaries even called him "The Nordic Vermeer of Art Nouveau". The interiors of Hammershoi are indeed reminiscent of the work of the great Dutchman, as they convey an atmosphere of silence and tranquility in a similar manner.

A Polish painter, graphic artist, author of stained glass windows and mosaics, designer of fabrics, interiors and furniture, theater decorator, poster master, the leading art representative of “Mloda Polska” (“Young Poland”).Jozef Mehoffer is one of the founders of the community of Polish artists “Art”, which popularized modern avant-garde painting in the country. Mehoffer gained international fame thanks to the creation of stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Freiburg (Switzerland). In addition, the artist was a talented teacher. He was a professor, and later was a rector of the Krakow Academy of Arts; among the students of Mehoffer, there were many famous artists.

An Austrian artist-decorator, painter, illustrator and poster artist.He was born into the family of Josef Moser, a teacher and director of the gymnasium. After graduation, Koloman learned to paint at the trade school in Widen.Koloman Moser is the most important figure of Austrian Art Nouveau (Jugendstil), a founding member of the Vienna Secession and the organizer of the famous "Vienna workshops", where the artistic design of household items was massively performed. Together with Gustav Klimt K. Moser drew illustrations for "Sacred Spring", the leading art magazine of Austria, and created several posters of the Vienna Secession exhibitions. The artist made a large number of sketches for the decoration of jewelries, lamps, textiles and dishes. He was a trendsetter in the interior, especially furniture design, which was in great demand among the admirers of Art Nouveau. Stained-glass window by Koloman Moser is depicted on the commemorative coin of 100 euros, issued in 2005.One of the artist's greatest achievements was the stained glass and murals of the Steinhoff Wagner church, which he made in 1904. After exiting from the Vienna Secession in 1905 and the "Vienna Workshops" in 1907, Moser began to pay much attention to paintings. In the author's creative heritage, there is a large number of landscapes, still lifes and portraits, painted in an energetic manner with bright, saturated colors, sometimes in unusual and bold combinations.

A Famous French Neo-Impressionist, Pointillist, Symbolist.He worked in the genres of landscape, portrait and monumental painting. Although the works of Henri Martin as a Neo-impressionist are not considered to be fundamental ones, they were successful and deservedly entered the world classic painting. The master repeatedly won medals at the Paris and World exhibitions, was awarded the Grand Prix. In the town where the artist lived for several decades, there is the Henri Martin Museum; his paintings are presented at the exhibitions of art museums and galleries of not only many cities of France, but also in the USA (Chicago, New York), Japan, Germany, etc.

German artist, graphic artist, sculptor, engraver and architect. He worked in the styles of historical Romanticism, Symbolism and Early modern.In 1892, he became one of the founders of the influential "Society of Berlin Artists", organized exhibitions. He was a member of the Munich Secession, a member of the newly formed Viennese Secession and a professor of the Academy of Fine Arts in Leipzig (since 1897), an honorary member of the Stockholm Academy, had the title of Knight of the Order Pour le merite.A real sensation was the early cycles of 1878 on the theme of the deeds of Christ and Fantasy about the glove. M. Klinger called the depicted "cycles" (events with imaginary fantastic and symbolic realities) "opuses", equating them to musical works.In treatise "Painting and Drawing", which was published in 1891, the author gives an independent meaning to the depiction of the fantastic external world. At the same time, Klinger believed that it was peculiar to the graphics to express such scenes most clearly. Fantasy (a painted story) about the glove is rightly defined by experts as the first Surrealist work. The graphic cycle of "Drama", depicting the revolution of 1848 and the tragedy of the urban "bottom," outlines the line of Social Expressionism.M. Klinger's contribution to sculpture was also original: trying to revive the technique of polychrome plastics, he used various marbles, ivory and gold, bronze and painted alabaster.According to the figurative definition of art, Klinger was "from the family of Durer and Holbein." This is a mournful thoughtfulness, a dramatic pathos, and a contemplative dream. His symbols always embody great feelings and great thoughts.A House-Museum was opened in the artists hometown.

A Finnish artist and graphic artist, a bright representative of Symbolism and one of the first expressionists in the country.Ellen was born into a family of a major official. Her first teacher was her father, and he shared his knowledge with his six children. Considering the talent of his daughter, he supported her studies in private official schools of painting. An endless source of inspiration for the artist was Italy and the works of such outstanding masters as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Italy was the spiritual home of the artist. Here she spent most of her time regularly visiting the country for 45 years. Ellen Tesleff said that only in Italy she was able to understand the true nature of light, how it lays down on objects, how it animates everything around. In Tuscany and Florence, most of her landscapes were created they later became more expressionistic.Ellen Tesleff was an innovative artist. During her long career, she tried a variety of artistic methods and styles, but always remained true to her own romantic and emotional manner. The great merit of the artist is to popularize European art in Finland. Together with his companion and friend Magnus Enckell, she became the founder of the art group "Septem", which contributed to the development of avant-garde painting in Scandinavia.

A French artist, master of monumental painting, a vivid representative of Symbolism.Alphonse Osbert was a member of the mystical Rosicrucian community, which was organized by Josephine Peladan in Paris, and constantly exhibited his works at the Symbolist Salon de la Rose + Croix. The artist was successful during his lifetime: he sold his canvases throughout France and abroad, repeatedly received large orders from the state for the design of public buildings. He was the creator of large-scale murals in the lobby of the French Vichy resort and the House of Bourg-la-Reine. In the early twentieth century, Alphonse Osbert was one of the most influential Symbolists of France.

A French Symbolist painter, decorator and illustrator, art theorist.Alexander Seon was one of the most talented pupils of Puvis de Chavannes, and later his partner at the art studio. Together with Josephine Peladan and Antoine de la Rochefoucauld, he founded “the Rose-Cross Salon”, in which the works of leading Symbolist artists from France, Belgium and other countries were exhibited. The painter's canvases were approved by the public and got positive reviews from contemporary critics; his literary works were very popular among followers of Symbolism.

Finnish and Swedish painter, graphic artist, master of monumental painting, one of the first Finnish Symbolists.He was born into a priest's family and was the youngest of six sons. He received his art education in Paris.Magnus Enckell was an extremely versatile artist. He went from complete lack of understanding and rejection to universal admiration and glory, and his creative manner underwent drastic changes. He not only proved himself in international art, but was able to establish artistic relations with France, which was very important for the formation of Finnish national painting. He was an active artist: organized exhibitions of Finnish painting in Berlin and Paris, as well as the exhibitions of French and Belgian art in Helsinki; became the leader of the famous group "Symbolist Septem", which he founded with V. Thome and E. Tesleff. Creativity of the artist played a big role in the development of the Finnish avant-garde trends of the early twentieth century.The most large-scale work of the artist is the decoration of St. John's Cathedral in Temper. Enckell's frescoes depicting the resurrection from the dead and ascension to heaven are more than 10 meters wide and 4 meters high.

A German artist, graphic illustrator and designer, master of monumental painting.He was born into the family of an influential Prussian statesman in the German city of Darmstadt. Since 1890, Hoffmann lived in Berlin as a free artist.Ludwig von Hoffmann was a member of avant-garde group "Eleven", an active participant of cultural movement "Berlin Secession" and the representative of "Neue Sachlichkeit" (new materiality), the artistic trend of the 1920s, the founder of the "New Weimar" movement. As a teacher, he worked at the art school in Weimar and at the Dresden Academy of Arts, where he directed a class of monumental painting. It was Hoffman who owned the ideas of the spiritual and practical revival of the postulate "art and life are in the context of each other."Among the admirers of the master's work, there were many famous people. for example: Austro-Hungarian Empress Elizabeth, writers Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Mann and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis was a Lithuanian artist and a composer, deservedly considered the ancestor of professional Lithuanian music and an outstanding avant-garde painter who broadly widened the boundaries of national and European culture with his versatile creativity and active civil activity.Born into the Polish-speaking family of a free Lithuanian peasant, who worked as an organist. The mother came from a family of Evangelicals, who emigrated from Regensburg in connection with the persecution of the Catholic Church.Mikalojus was a member of the Vilnius Art Society and the Union of Russian Artists (URA). One of the oldest (opened in 1921) and large Lithuanian museums in Kaunas was named after M. Ciurlionis and contains most of the preserved paintings.

Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp was a French and American artist, an art theorist, one of the founders of such art movements as Dadaism and Surrealism.Was born into a wealthy family. His mother, brothers and sister were engaged in painting, and Marcel grew up in a creative atmosphere, which contributed to the early manifestation of his talent. Following the older brothers, he began to paint in the style of impressionism, presenting quite interesting works from the age of 14.Marcel Duchamp, despite a small number of his works, was one of the most influential figures of fine art after the First World War, a genius and a rebel, who pushed the scope of painting beyond what was permitted. The artist was the author of the "ready-made" method, being the first to use the idea of ​​creating art objects from the most common objects, such as a bicycle wheel and even a urinal. The unusual and sometimes shocking creativity of Duchamp has opened wide opportunities for the further development of avant-garde art all over the world.At the end of his career, the artist departed from painting, preferring to use already finished objects for his works, which he called "ready-made", or creating voluminous collages. In addition to his artistic creativity, Marcel Duchamp starred in films, wrote articles and studied chess, in which he was a professional. Thanks to his versatile and unordinary talent, he left a bright mark in the art of the early twentieth century and laid the foundation for the emergence of completely new methods and trends in painting.

One of the most talented symbolic artists of Belgium, an illustrator and graphic artist.The artist was born into the family of a perfumer and owner of a hairdressing salon. As a child, Leon was very quiet and, at the same time, a creative person, fond of poetry, prose and painting. He painted, wrote poetry and prose.Leon Spiellart left a bright mark on the history of European painting. He participated in the Salon of Independence in 1911 in Brussels, which was the largest event in the field of art, and together with Ensor and Permke exhibited his paintings at the gallery Sélection, where avant-garde works of Belgium were presented. In the heyday of Expressionism, his self-sufficient and bold art did not find a large number of fans, and was little known outside his homeland. Nevertheless, it strongly influenced the development of several artistic trends of the future. In our time, the interest in the works of Leon Spiellart was revived, his works were appreciated by art lovers and approved by art critics.

A French artist, graphic artist, ceramist and designer.He was born into the Jewish family of Levy in Algeria. He studied painting and sculpture in Paris. When the artist was young, famous and respected French painter Alexander Cabanel was his teacher. In his studio, Lucien Levy mastered the skills of academic drawing, as well as the technique of working with sculpture. His other teachers: Albert-Charles Wallet, then Rafael Collin made Levy interested in Symbolism and Art Nouveau.Picturesque works by Lucien Levi-Dhurmer are based on the rich traditions of Symbolism, while his design developments are the brightest example of Art Nouveau of the late 19th century. In collaboration with Clement Massier, the artist revolutionized the way of working with ceramics, discovering innovative forms of things and applying entirely new materials and ways of working with them. Original and rich in deep sense artist's work had a great influence on the formation of Art Nouveau in France and the whole world.

A Belgian and French artist, graphic artist and sculptor, illustrator.In the history of art, he is considered one of the bright and talented artists who embodied the tragic nature of their era. As a Symbolist, the artist used the traditions of religious painting, in his own way interpreting the plots and relating them to modernity. Very important for the reconstruction of the events of the epoch of symbolism are the already published in the 21st century 18 volumes of a diary by Henry de Groux, which he and his relatives had compiled for 30 years.De Groux engraved a series of lithographs, illustrated the "Book of the Secrets of Peladan".

A French painter of Dutch origin, graphic artist, designer, Master of Arts. He was born into the family of a talented architect. His father was a wealthy man and gave his son a good education. Georges de Feure was a member of the circle of Symbolist poets and was one of the most prominent representatives of this trend among artists. He used his own poster style, close to modern and extremely expressive. For the new House of Arts, which was founded by French dealer Z. Bing, the artist created a whole series of magnificent works of applied art. At the same time, he was a teacher - led the design class at the School of Fine Arts. Great success came to Georges de Feure at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900, where he designed the facade of the "Modern Pavilion".

Synopsis.A French artist and sculptor whose works are known all over the world as the best examples of Cubism in painting.Roger de la Fresnaye was born in a wealthy aristocratic family in Le Mans Department of Sarthe. His father was a soldier and gave his son a classical education. As a young man, he studied at several Paris art schools, including the School of Fine Arts and the Ranson Academy in Paris. One of the teachers of de la Fresnaye was the school's founder, artist Paul Ranson, as well as P. Serusier and M .Denis, who influenced the early Symbolist style of the artist.A student of the Ranson Academy, Roger de la Fresnaye worked in a softer and more relaxed version of Cubism than his colleagues, preferring recognizable forms of complete abstraction. Throughout his rather short life, the artist participated in several exhibitions at the Salon of Independent and at the Autumn Salon, was a member of "Golden Section", the group of Cubists, and presented his paintings at the famous exhibition of abstract artists at the gallery of La Boétie in Paris. Together with his friends, he designed the famous "Cubist house", presented at the Autumn Salon of 1912. For this project, which was a mock-up of a whole apartment house, Roger de la Fresnaye created wooden things, interior doors, unique watches, candlesticks and other decorative and interior elements.

The biggest representative of Post-impressionism and partially Symbolism; however, his early works were created in the style of impressionism. He is considered the forerunner and one of the pioneers of the art of modernism (in the broad sense of this term) not only in painting, but also in sculpture and graphics.Gauguin began painting as an amateur in the 1870s. Soon he actively participated in exhibitions. He became worldly famous only after his demise. And at the end of the 20th century, biographical films about his life were created.

Leon Bakst (real name - Leib-Khaim Izrailevich Rosenberg) was a Russian artist of Jewish origin, designer, illustrator and set designer,.He was born into the family of a small merchant, an orthodox Jew. Samuel Rosenberg, his father, was known as an authoritative expert on the Talmud, was adopted by his father-in-law Buster in order to circumvent the law on the Pale of Settlement and ensure the transfer of his only daughter to St. Petersburg.He showed himself as an interesting painter, in particular - a portrait master. The most famous were the portrait of philosopher V. Rozanov, depicted with a statue of Isis, the plot "Portrait of S. Diaghilev with his old nanny," a lyrical portrait of Pavel Tretyakov's daughter Lyubov Gritsenko-Bakst.Leon Bakst worked equally in St. Petersburg and Paris. He was a master of easel painting, in particular, portrait genre, theatrical graphics. An active member and organizer of the association "World of Art", designed theatrical and art projects of S. Diaghilev for many years. The artist became one of the trendsetters of the European fashion for orientalism and suit exotics in the first quarter of the 20th century.

A French artist, graphic artist and designer. Representative of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, one of the founders of the group of artists "Nabis" (French "Nabis", from Hebrew "The Prophets").The works of Vuillard are referred to the genre of "intimism" for the striving for the poetization of everyday life. Paintings of Vuillard, covering not so many themes, differs in harmony and original tonal decision, which makes it quite recognizable even among other "nabists". The artist is famous not only for his paintings, but also for interesting monumental compositions. His frescoes can be seen in the foyer of the theater of the Champs Elysees, in the Palais de Chaillot and the Palace of Nations in Geneva.

Jan (Johann) Thorn-Prikker was a Dutch artist, illustrator and master of arts and crafts, who lived and worked in Germany.His father was an amateur artist. Jan studied painting at the Art Academy of his native city from 1883 to 1887. Student works of the artist were made in the style of impressionism.Jan Thorn-Prikker worked mainly in the art nouveau style (Jugendstil), but also collaborated with Symbolists, participating in the exhibitions of The Belgian Society of Les XX. Thorn-Prikker is famous for his picturesque works, stained-glass windows, decorative murals of temples and public buildings. The great merit of the artist is the revival of the ancient art of glass mosaic, which he not only applied himself but, also taught to numerous students.

Felix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss and French artist and graphic artist, illustrator and master of engraving, who joined the Nabis group (translated from the Hebrew "Prophets") when the groups work was in full bloom.He was born in Swiss Lausanne into the family of notary Protestant Arman Adrien Vallotton and Louise Roseng, the daughter of a baker.Wood engravings (woodcut) in the masterful performance of Vallotton were very widely known. A diversely gifted artist worked in the genres of landscape and still life, interior and portrait, created a series of "nu", close in style to Art Nouveau, and also wrote several novels and plays.In 1927, in the homeland of the artist (during his lifetime, he was not much appreciated there), large commemorative exhibitions were held (Lausanne, Bern), and, in the exposition of 1938 in Zurich, the organizers presented almost 350 works by an outstanding master.

A French artist, one of the founders and theoreticians of the Nabi group (from Hebrew "The Prophets").Was born into the family of a railway employee and a milliner. Soon the family moved to Saint-Germain-en-Laye near Paris. The future artist studied at the Lycee Condorcet.In accordance with the ideas of this art movement, Denis created canvases, distinguished by the simplicity of forms, the softness of lines and rhythm. The artist aspired to the revival of religious art; many of his paintings are filled with Christian meaning and themes. Maurice Denis was engaged in applied art, painted walls, created stained-glass windows, often worked with graphics and book illustrations. He outlined his understanding of art in several works, such as The Theories, The New Theories, and The History of Religious Art. His writings had a significant impact on young artists of subsequent decades.

Fernand-Edmond-Jean-Marie Khnopff was a Belgian painter, graphic artist and sculptor, designer, and author of the decoration of the De La Monnet Theater in Brussels.He was born into a rich bourgeois family from Flanders. His father assumed that his son would become a lawyer and sent him to Brussels to study law. However, Fernand soon left school, deciding to devote himself to painting.Fernand Khnopff was one of the founders of the “Union of XX” group of artists in 1883 and is considered the most prominent representative of Belgian Symbolism in painting. He presented his works mainly in Paris, exhibited his paintings at the first salon "Rose and Cross", and also participated in the exhibition of the Vienna Secession, which united Art Nouveau artists. Khnopff was also a talented art expert and photographer. He mixed different techniques and styles in his painting and made a great influence on the development of European Art Nouveau.Fernand Khnopff was a unique person. He surrounded himself with legends and myths, at the same time, being secretive. In his house-studio, built according to his own project and reminiscent of a theater or a temple of art rather than an ordinary house, he welcomed only his favorites. The only close friend and permanent model of the artist was his sister Margaret, whose appearance he admired and whose image captured in several hundred of his works. Despite this, Khnopff was very popular during his lifetime. He was emulated by young painters and admired by art experts and critics; he was the most influential among Symbolists, and the art of the Belgian artist became a source of inspiration of such a bright talent as Gustav Klimt.

American artist-innovator with a German-Jewish and Czech pedigree, who worked a long time in Germany.He was an invited member of the exhibition of the art group Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider, Blue Rider) and the only American author associated with the European (Munich and Berlin) Expressionist movement of the early 20th century and the work of the famous German school Bauhaus. For many years (1923-1947), A. Bloch was a professor at the University of Kansas in Lawrence and influenced the development of the newest American fine arts.

A French painter and lithographer, a follower of Realism and Symbolism in painting. Henri Fantin-Latour's father was an artist and taught his son the basics of craftsmanship. His mother was Russian by birth. Despite the fact that most of his works are executed in a realistic style, Henri Fantin-Latour is considered to be one of the first Symbolists of France, who showed the direction for the further development of this style in the visual arts of Europe. The artist was one of the few who simultaneously exhibited his works both at the official Paris Salon and at the Salon of the Miserable, where works of a completely different stylistic orientation were accepted. He had many friends among the artistic elite of Paris and London, and frequently painted portraits of famous contemporaries, including talented pictures of Edouard Manet, James Whistler, Charles Baudelaire, and many others.

An outstanding German artist, sculptor, designer and poet.His father was a German man from Kiel and his mother was from Alsace. His restless nature, the propensity to move, according to Arp, was predetermined - he called himself Jean, when he spoke in French, and Hans, when he switched to German.He was a founding member and participant of many avant-garde groups in Zurich, Munich, Berlin, Cologne, Paris. Cavalier of the main orders of France in the field of culture, winner of many prestigious awards. A large collection of works is presented at the Museum of New and Contemporary Art in Strasbourg, situated on the square of H. Arp. The cultural center in Clamart, a street in Paris. is named after the artist. The Foundation of Arp in Bonn received the status of a national museum in 2004.

Painter Jan Verkade, who later changed his name to Father Willibrord, was a well-known Dutch Post-impressionist and Christian Symbolist.He was born into a religious Mennonite family. In 1877, the family moved to Amsterdam; Jan and his twin brother were sent to a religious boarding school in Oisterwijk.A student of Paul Gauguin, he belonged to a circle of artists known as the “Pont-Aven School”, had close ties with the Nabi group and was one of the most progressive painters of his time in his country. He was the leader of the art school at Beuron Abbey, participated in the painting of temples throughout Europe and had a great influence on the further development of the new Benedictine art.

A Czech avant-garde artist. He was an active member of the Czech association "Eight" ("Osma") and the organizer of the first Prague exhibition "Independent", and also became a member of the group of the first German Expressionists "Bridge" (Die Brücke, Dresden, then Berlin) and Berlin's “New Secession".Bohumil was born and raised into a poor family. In 1896-1905, he studied at a real school, where he discovered a great mathematical ability. After graduation, he entered the Art and Industrial School (the School of Applied Arts) in Prague, which he left because of the conflict with the teacher. Then he intended to continue his studies at the Prague Academy of Fine Arts, although was completely dissatisfied with the classical teaching system. He left this educational institution, went to work in the army for money. The appearance of Kubista as a painter was influenced by E. Munch's exhibition, which he once visited.The artist's works are an adornment of the collections of many Czech galleries and museums. The works of Bohumil Kubista had a significant impact on the formation of the national avant-garde in its various manifestations, the painting of a young generation of artists of the period between world wars and the creative youth of the 1960s of the 20th century.Despite the fact that the entire creative career of Bohumil Kubista covers ten years, it is impossible to imagine the creation and development of the national Czech avant-garde painting without him. His work contributed to the spread of various theories of art in the Czech Republic, bringing it closer to the level of world achievements. Being not only a talented and original artist, B. Kubista said his word and in a European scale - the synthesis of art used by him is called a special "expressionistic cubism". The first Prague exhibitions of "independent" artists, who formed opposition to Academism, were held thanks to the active participation of Bohumil Kubista, an energetic organizer and uncompromising champion of contemporary art in their preparation.

Arthur Merrick Bloomfield Boyd was one of the most significant artists of Australia of the 20th century, a painter, ceramist, sculptor, engraver who has worked in England for more than 10 years.Born into the family of artists, in the suburb of Melbourne, Murrambine. His father was a sculptor and a ceramist and his mother was a painter; both older brothers became artists: David became a painter, Guy was a sculptor. Arthur left his school at age 14 to devote himself to painting.The work of A. Boyd, based on his outstanding talent and powerful, though somewhat gloomy imagination, played a big role in the development of the newest art of his country. He was one of the first artists to raise important social themes in painting. He was recognized during his lifetime and awarded many prizes and orders. He donated the vast territory of his estate and most of the paintings to the Australian people.The series of paintings created by Boyd and his very life are an integral part of the history of Australia, and not just its culture.

A Russian, German and Swiss artist, who made a great contribution to the Expressionist art movement in Germany and Switzerland.She was the organizer of the New International Art Group of Munich, a member of the “Blue Rider” group. A big role was played by the society of artists "Great Bear" founded by her. The world-famous museum named after M. Werefkin works in Swiss Ascona, where there is a large collection of her paintings and works of her Expressionist colleagues, saved from being confiscated and destroyed after the Degenerative Exhibition of 1937

A prominent German artist, graphic artist and portrait painter, a master of monumental painting.Along with Arnold Becklin, historical painter Anselm von Feuerbach and younger artist, decorator and sculptor, Franz von Stuck, he is a prominent representative of German Symbolism and the forerunner of Art Nouveau in the local meaning of the term.

A Belgian artist and sculptor, one of the leaders of the school of Flemish Expressionism.He was born into the family of a landscape painter Henri Permeke. Constant received his first form of education from his father.Constance Permeke was one of the founders of an innovative wave in the colony of artists in Sint-Martens-Latem near Ghent and headed the Antwerp Academy of Arts after the end of World War II. The artist enjoyed great fame and popularity during his lifetime. He organized several solo exhibitions, including in Paris and Brussels, and also participated in the Venice Biennale in 1934, which made him famous throughout the world. The most recognizable work of the author is the sculpture "Niobe", copies of which adorn the channels of Bruges and are a symbol of the city. Streets in several cities of Belgium, including Brussels, Antwerp and Ostend, are named after Constant Permeke. In the Belgian village of Jabbeke, a regional museum of the artist was opened.

A Hungarian self-taught painter of Slovak-Rusyn origin, whose paintings are equally attributed to the styles of primitivism and expressionism.Tivadar Kostka Csontváry was born into the family of a respected pharmacist. When he was 12 years old, his family moved to Serednye village (now the territory of Zakarpatya, Ukraine). Tivadar was sent to study in the city of Ungvar (now Uzhgorod) at a commercial school (he studied law and pharmacology). After graduation, he worked, like his father, as a pharmacist.He spent a significant part of his life in Uzhgorod (modern Ukraine). He created paintings and graphic works, depicting what he saw in his multiple travels. He was a patriot of national Hungarian art and relied on the traditions of the people. Paintings by Tivadar Csontváry – mostly plot paintings and portraits – are in demand to this day and are very highly valued at auctions. The largest collection has the Hungarian National Art Gallery (127 paintings) and the Museum of the artist in Pécs. Two monuments to the artist were installed in Uzhgorod, including a mini-sculpture (2016).

A Swiss artist, sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist, who also created numerous wall paintings. He signed his paintings with the pseudonym Emil Sinclair.Cuno Amiet was born into the family of an official (state archivist) in the canton of Solothurn, where he began to take painting lessons.The artist worked in the genres of landscape and portrait. Belongs to the post-impressionist art movement, was a member of the Pont-Aven School, the Nabis group and the Vienna Secession. He was an honorary Doctor of Arts at the University of Berne, as well as an honorary member of the Solothurn Union of Artists, and since 1906 actively participated in the Art Association "The Bridge" (Germany).

A German painter, sculptor, graphic artist and decorator, one of the leaders of Symbolism in the visual arts of Europe in general and Germany in particular.He painted genre pictures and portraits actively using mythological scenes. He became the organizer of the "Munich Secession", which had the greatest success in Europe after Paris Salons. He founded the magazine “Jugeng”, from which the name “Jugendstil”, commonly known for the German style of art nouveau, was derived. For his merits and achievements, the son of a peasant and miller received a noble title, became an honorary doctor of the Technical University of Munich. There is an art museum at the villa that was built and equipped by von Stuck.

A Swiss and French artist of German origin, illustrator, symbolist graphic.Carlos Schwabe is recognized by art historians as one of the main forerunners of Art Nouveau. He received high awards - a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris (1900), membership in the French Legion of Honor (1901). The artist was an illustrator of the lifetime magazines of E. Zola, C. Baudelaire, M. Maeterlink and A. Samain.

A Swiss painter, graphic artist and sculptor. The representative of the Dusseldorf School of Art. One of the outstanding founders of Symbolism in European visual art, the author of the very famous painting “The Island of Death”.The works of Böcklin, in the words of the master himself, "encourage thinking". However, not complicated intellectuality and speculative secrecy of feelings, but emotionality is the basis of the ideas of the author, a true romantic of the spirit. That is why the art of Arnold Böcklin turned out to be close to the masters of Symbolism, who singled out this facet of Böcklin's talent.

A Belgian artist, illustrator and graphic artist.His father was a gardener. His son, who showed art skills, became a student of decorator Carl Albert.Xavier Mellery is not as well known as his famous student Fernand Khnopff; his creative legacy is small; however, he is rightly considered one of the founders of Belgian Symbolism, who made a huge contribution to its development. The works of Mellery are distinguished by their monumentality, although they are small in size and have a deep allegorical content. The artist created a large number of outstanding graphic works and was known as a talented illustrator. He was also a member of the famous Belgian “20” (Les XX) - an association of artists that promoted modernist art and contributed to the formation of many talented artists of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

A Belgian artist of French origin, a master of landscape and Symbolist.He was born into the family of French aristocrats. Since childhood, he was fond of music and painting, but did not receive any professional art education. In 1870, the artist's family moved to Belgium.

A French painter, graphic artist and decorator. He worked at the time of "Age of Fin de siècle" ("The End of the Century"), characterized by the fear of the future, a sense of the inevitability of the approaching end of the world.He was born into the family of an entrepreneur. The father of the future artist supported his son's paintings. Thus, Aman-Jean received education in Italy and Paris.

An Austrian painter and graphic artist, one of the most prominent representatives of Expressionism.Egon's father was a railway worker. From childhood, the boy was fond of drawing, depicting railway tracks, stations and the surrounding areas of ​​his native town. In 1904, the family moved to the outskirts of Vienna, where his father soon died. After his death, his uncle, Leopold Chihachek, brought up Egon.The powerful images of Egon Schiele that destroyed the idea of ​​traditional beauty made him one of the most famous artists of the early twentieth century. In addition to the emotional portraits of stunning emotional emotion, Schiele is famous as an extraordinary person. By his extremely frank works and independent lifestyle, he challenged society and became almost as famous as his outstanding teacher Gustav Klimt. Only the tragic early death, interrupting his creative path, prevented Egon Schiele from becoming the most prominent contemporary artist and making a revolution in European art.

A Mexican artist, most famous for her unusual self-portraits, as well as for her human stoicism and ability to create outrage. For Frida Kahlo painting became a way to study issues of self-identity and existence when the 19-year-old girl was recovering from a severe accident. As a result, Kahlo, who did not have a systematic art education but possessed natural talent and the courage of self-expression, became one of the first Mexican avant-garde artists and a vivid representative of European Surrealism.Kahlo not only entered the already existing stream of the latest trends in the visual arts but also expanded its boundaries for female artists. In her art, new and well-formulated means for discussing the most complex aspects of female identity are just as significant as the motives for self-identification through Mexican national culture, primarily through the work of the peoples of pre-Columbian America. The artist used the visual symbolism of physical pain in an attempt to understand emotional suffering. Before the emergence of the art of Kahlo, the language of loss, suffering and death was relatively well studied by some male artists (A. Dürer, F. Goya, E. Munch), but a woman created such art at the world level for the first time.Kahlo became the first Mexican artist whose work was acquired by the Paris Louvre. One of the most popular museums in the world has been open at Kahlo's parental home.

Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: The Cassa di Risparmio Foundation (Perugia, Italy).

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: the Cassa di Risparmio Foundation (Perugia, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Kharkov Art Museum (Ukraine).

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia).

Mediums: watercolor, gouache, paper. Location: The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gallery of Italian Contemporary Art (London, the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art (Rovereto, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Modern Art, New York (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Collection of the Museum of the Union of Artists, Riga (Latvia).

Mediums: oil, panel. Dimensions: 34.5 x 28 cm.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 174 x 240 cm. Location: National Museum, Poznan.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: оwned by the artist.

Mediums: acrylic, canvas. Location: оwned by the artist.

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: the private collection of the Pavlychko family (Ukraine).

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (the USA).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum, Madrid (Spain).

Mediums: tempera, paper. Location: The Xul Solar Museum (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Mediums: watercolour, paper. Location: The Reina Sofia Art Center (Madrid, Spain).

Mediums: tempera, paper glued to the board. Location: The Xul Solar Museum (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Mediums: watercolour, paper. Location: The Xul Solar Museum (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Mediums: watercolour, paper. Location: The Xul Solar Museum (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Mediums: tempera, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, tempera, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Location: National Museum of Art of Georgia, Tbilisi.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gallery N. Zuckerman CFM, Paris (France).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The CFM Gallery of N. Zuckerman, Paris (France).

Location: private collection.

Location: D'Orsay Museum, Paris, France.

Location: D'Orsay Museum, Paris, France.

Location: private collection.

Location: Beauvais Museum, France.

Местонахождение: частная коллекция.

Location: D'Orsay Museum, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: paper, pastel, graphite, watercolor. Location: The Tate Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Tate Gallery, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of the Imperial War Museum, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of the Imperial War Museum, London (the UK).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The collection of the Imperial War Museum, London (the UK).

Location: Museum d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Location: Art Gallery of Yale University, the USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest.

Mediums: paper, watercolor, gouache, charcoal, pastel. Location: private collection.

Mediums: paper, pastel, watercolor, pencil. Location: Félicien Rops Museum, Namur, Belgium.

Mediums: watercolor. Location: private collection.

Mediums: pastel. Location: Royal Library of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.

Location: Félicien Rops Museum, Namur, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Keller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Félicien Rops Museum, Namur, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, board. Location: Félicien Rops Museum, Namur, Belgium.

Mediums: phototype; gouache, colored pencil, watercolor. Location: Félicien Rops Museum, Namur, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Watts Gallery, Guilford, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Metropolitan Museum, New York.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Watts Gallery, Guildford, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Private collection, Antwerp, Belgium.

From the triptych "Sonata of Ukraine".

From the triptych "Sonata of Ukraine".

Mediums: pastel.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kharkov Art Museum, Ukraine.

Mediums: lithography. Location: National Library of France, Paris.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin, Moscow, Russia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: Villa Flora-Winterthur, Switzerland.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Villa Flora-Winterthur, Switzerland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum d'Orsay, Paris.

Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Owens Art Gallery, Mount Allison University, Canada.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Leeds Art Gallery, West Yorkshire, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery Walker, Liverpool, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: tempera, cardboard. Location: Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, the UK.

Mediums: tempera, panel. Location: Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, the UK.

Mediums: mixed media, board. Location: Lymington Art Gallery and Museum, the UK.

Mediums: tempera, board. Location: Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, the UK.

Mediums: mixed media, board. Location: Lymington Art Gallery and Museum, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Lymington Art Gallery and Museum, the UK.