Realism

Edward Hopper was an American artist, a prominent representative of genre painting, one of the largest urbanists of the XXth century. Although his work was officially referred to the style of “realism”, Hopper offered such a great look at life between the world wars that he inspired countless artists, photographers, directors, stage designers, dancers, writers and even musicians.

Guy Orlando Rose was a prominent representative of California Impressionism (also called the California open-air school).The future artist was born into the wealthy family of Senator Leonard J. Rose. His career began quite early, when, having been wounded while hunting, young Guy Rose began to be interested in painting.An admirer of the artistic talent of Claude Monet, Guy Rose worked mainly in the genres of landscape, including urban, and portrait, was a good draftsman. In the canvases of Guy Rose, there is liveliness, naturalness and play of light peculiar to Impressionism. The artist used a rich color scheme, painted landscapes, female portraits. Several times exhibited his works at the Paris Salon, participated in exhibitions in his homeland, including the World Exhibition in San Francisco, where he received a silver medal.

A Russian sculptor-muralist, master of the portrait genre in marble and bronze, professor, an author of theoretical works on monumental art.The natural talent allowed Vuchetich to become one of the most prominent representatives of "Soviet classicism", whose works are known in many countries of the world. He was repeatedly awarded the Grand Prix of international exhibitions; his merits were evaluated by six USSR state awards, as well as the J. Nehru Prize.The sculptor was awarded medals and orders (including as a participant in the Great Patriotic War), was Vice-President of the Academy of Arts; he became a Hero of Socialist Labor and People's Artist of the USSR. In his works, Yevgeny Vuchetich depicted the most significant events in the history of his country; the images of his works symbolize the military and labour heroism of the people. Such subjects determined the dramatic nature of his creations, which, however, always were life-affirming.The most significant in scale are his sculptural ensembles in Berlin Treptower Park and on the Volgograd Mamaev Kurgan. The sculpture "Motherland Calls" was inscribed as the tallest non-religious statue in the world in the Guinness Book of Records.

A German sculptor, engraver, graphic artist and playwright. The artist that engaged in figurative art is considered a prominent representative of late Expressionism, closely associated with traditional Gothic German Middle Ages.From the 1910s, Barlach’s work gained a great publicist scope. He constantly appealed to the consciousness of mankind, striving to expose the severity and depth of the problems of modernity. Like Expressionism in general, his art is characterized by high spiritual and ethical ideals.Bertolt Brecht, who called Barlach one of the greatest sculptors who have ever worked in the country, said about his works, “Beauty without embellishment. Greatness without moralizing. Harmony without gloss. The power of life without cruelty".In 1930-1931, to the 60th anniversary of the master, large exhibitions were held in German cities, in Essen, Venice, New York, Zurich, Paris. The fact of such widespread recognition did not stop the Nazis from harassing the artist, who became an "internal emigrant". He continued to do things that were hated by the authorities and the fundamentalist public.His plays were banned; his sculptures were removed from public collections and destroyed as "degenerate art". The press wrote, "we hope that all traces of his terrifying works will be removed"; the sculptor was called only "anti-German" and "semi-idiot". However, Barlach, having refused membership in the Academy of Arts, decided not to leave the country, upholding the right to free creation.In the post-war period, Barlach museums were established in both German states in the city of Gustrow (GDR) and Hamburg (Germany). A separate museum building was erected near Gustrow, where about 400 sculptures, about two thousand sketches and manuscripts of the creator are stored. The Ernst Barlach Society still exists.

A Spanish (Catalan) painter and sculptor, whose work had a huge impact on the entire generation of modern artists. Joan Miro's paintings are the earliest surrealistic works. They served as the basis for the further formation and development of the style that is extremely popular to this day.Joan Miro tried his hand in various modernist and avant-garde styles of European painting, but never stopped on one of them completely, constantly improving and enriching his artistic method, experimenting with different painting techniques and methods. The result of these experiments was his painting style based on surrealism. This is what allowed the artist to rethink the basic principles of fine art in accordance with his original vision of the surrounding reality.The unique world of Joan Miró is full of unique images and symbols. They are presented in the form of pure plastic signs located in an empty space; they are not completely abstract but rather resemble naive art or drawings of children. Miro’s paintings consist of geometric, right or wrong figures, a dance of twisting lines and small details that have mystical meaning and create an indescribable atmosphere of each work.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

A Ukrainian artist and poet, publisher, critic, who worked in Russia, Japan and America. One of the founders of the Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde traditionally referred to as the "father of Russian Futurism".He was an initiator of revolutionary ideas, which united many famous people (Lentulov and Exter, Bogomazov and Palmov, poets Mayakovsky and Kamensky, Kruchyonykh and Khlebnikov, Aseev and Guro), as well as the creator of the group "Gilea" - the first literary and artistic union of the Futurists. He was a member and organizer of innovative groups “Stefanos Wreath”, “Jack of Diamonds”, a member of the Moscow Youth Union and the Munich Blue Horseman.The master was the first in Bashkortostan to create images of the indigenous population, the first to transfer avant-garde to the land of Japan.The artist’s museum was created in Brooklyn (New York, the USA); the American International Zaumi Academy annually presents the prize “International Mark of D. Burliuk".

An outstanding Hungarian painter and graphic artist, publicist and art theorist. Janos Kmetti was the first Cubist in his country and an influential teacher that educated a whole generation of young artists. Studying at the world-famous Julian Academy in Paris, he adopted the most advanced artistic traditions of Europe and enriched the art of Hungary with new avant-garde movements and painting methods. The career of the artist is tightly connected with the literary and artistic association Tett (Action), headed by Lajos Kassák. Together with a few associates, he was one of the founders of the New Society of Artists and its vice chairman in 1924. Kmetty also took an active part in the life of the art colony of Nagybánya and Szentendre and showed his works at collective exhibitions of Hungarian avant-garde artists both at home and abroad. In 1949, the artist was awarded the National Kossuth Prize - the honorary state award of Hungary; his autobiographical and theoretical works are important sources of information for art historians.

The American painter and graphic artist of Jewish origin and was born in Belarus. He created his works in various styles, such as realism (mystical and social), purism, cubism and surrealism.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, master of scenography, teacher, member of the art associations of the symbolists "Blue Rose", "Wreath", the group "Makovets". He was a member of the Union of Russian Artists. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts.

A well-known Polish author of portraits and landscapes, a talented teacher, a participant in several art associations and exhibitions around the world. She was awarded many prestigious awards, including a gold medal at the international art exhibition in Munich (1905), the French Order of the Legion of Honor (1912), and a golden laurel wreath “For outstanding achievements in Polish art” (1936), Grand Prix at the Paris Expo (1939), the Order of the Renaissance of Poland (1938). Many of the portraits she created are considered real masterpieces.

A Polish artist and teacher, one of the brightest and most emotional representatives of Slavic Symbolism and one of the founders of Art Nouveau in his country. In Poland, the Museum of Contemporary Art named after Jacek Malczewski, the branch of which is located in Radom, the hometown of the artist, has been opened.

A French impressionist artist, who worked in the genres of portrait, landscape, still life and storyline painting. Despite the fact that Eva Gonzales did not take part in any of the exhibitions of Impressionists, she is justly considered a prominent representative of this art movement. Her works are in the most famous museums of the world, including the Louvre.

The French artist of Polish and Jewish origin was one of the most mysterious and mystical artists of the twentieth century, whose paintings are extremely ambiguous and are popular in the international art community. Balthus was one of those painters who cannot be clearly catalogued. He deliberately isolated himself from all the artistic trends that had succeeded in his time, in order, as he admitted, to achieve timeless realism.Baltus (Count Baltazar Klossowski) is known for his erotically charged images of teenage girls living in the world of their imagination and images. Therefore, his paintings are more reminiscent of magical realism with its fantastic world than surrealism. It is hard to say that the master’s painting was influenced by the prevailing fashion to return to realism - he initially used the techniques of the art of the Old Masters in order to create his own universe. His not always harmless and characteristic bourgeois interiors are just the conditions for depicting an ambiguous world populated by young people at the height of puberty, in which adults are not allowed, but can pervertedly intrude, as described in the scandalous work “Guitar Lesson”, which the New York MOMA first purchased, and soon got rid of. The artist actively resisted any attempts to create his biographical profile - in a telegram sent to the Tate Gallery, where a retrospective of his works was being prepared, he wrote in response to a request: “Balthus is an artist about whom nothing is known. Now let's see his work”.

An American artist, one of the first American painters that worked in the style of impressionism. He lived in Italy and France for a long time; studied painting and learnt the cutting-edge ideas of European art. Returning to America, Robinson worked as a teacher, opened his own studio in New York and entered the community of American artists “Ten”. A student and comrade of Claude Monet, Theodore Robinson brought Impressionist ideas to life, having re-thought them and adding some American flavor to them. He is famous for his landscape painting depicting the nature of France and the landscapes of his motherland. His paintings are considered masterpieces of American Impressionism.

A landscape painter, illustrator, a brilliant representative of American Impressionism. He is known as a member of the Ten community, the members of which separated from the Society of American Artists in 1897. Willard Metcalf, like most American Impressionists, acquired knowledge and invaluable artistic experience in Europe. He studied at the Julian Academy and lived for some time in the town of Giverny, where many progressive artists from different countries lived and worked. Willard Metcalf is known as a talented teacher. He was a teacher at the Women's Art School (Cooper Union, New York) and at the Art Students League in New York. In 1893, the artist became a member of the American Watercolor Society.

A French painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Eugene Carriere is famous as an outstanding teacher, who founded his own art academy and who was a teacher of such great masters as Andre Derain, Jean Puy and Henri Matisse. In 1890, together with Rodin and Puvis de Chavannes, Carriere founds the National Society of Fine Arts; in 1904, he becomes the first president of the newly opened Autumn Salon. On his initiative, the Salon of New Art opens; artists of completely new Art Nouveau style are exhibited there. The work of E. Carriere had a significant influence on Symbolist artists and opened ways for the formation of Fauvism.

An English Symbolist painter and sculptor, master of allegorical and mythological paintings, mural master and portraitist popular in his time. Watts is considered one of the most mysterious, prolific and exceptional artists of the Victorian era. He was awarded the knighthood and the title of academician of the Royal Academy of Arts. In Compton (Guilford), the artist and his wife themselves created a gallery, which was renovated and expanded at our time. In the estate Limnerslease, the museum of G. Watts, studios and workshops for the artists were opened.

An American impressionist painter.He was a member of the art group "Ten", which united progressive American painters. After receiving a comprehensive art education in Europe, John Twachtman devoted most of his paintings to his native Connecticut, depicting landscapes and scenes of the everyday life of Americans. The artist masterfully used the color and, despite the significant influence of French Impressionists, he managed to develop his own original style of painting. Twachtman was engaged in pedagogical and teaching activities. He led painting classes at the Davenek School and courses in the Art Student League (USA).

A French (in some sources mentioned as English) artist whose ancestors were Anglo-Austrian.The prominent representative of late Symbolism entered the history of art as a master, who managed to organically "reconcile" various techniques of ideologically different modern art movements in his work. Regularly exhibiting his paintings at the salons of the National Society of Fine Arts of France, taking part in the exhibitions of the Rose and Cross Society and in the Brussels Salon "Free Aesthetics", the artist contributed to the development of Symbolism in Europe.

A representative of classic Belgian Symbolism in painting and literature, a famous occultist and mystic, Jean Delville was in the very center of the cultural life of Belgium, both of the end of the 19th and 20th century. His work in the field of art was an integral part of the Belgian idealistic movement of the 1890s and formed the world view of many young talents. He headed the Brussels branch of the Rosicrucian revival and organized the “Salon of Idealistic Art” as an imitation of the Paris Salons of Peladan “The Rose and the Cross”. This salon was visited by the most eminent artists and writers of Brussels.

An Italian Impressionist painter, a master of engraving, one of the best and most sought-after portrait painters of the period of his active work, that is, the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century. Having mastered the ideas and the technique of the Florentine school of Macchiaioli that was unusual and progressive for Italian fine art of the second half of the 19th century, the portrait painter finally formed his skills in France under the influence of the not yet recognized Impressionists. He painted mostly portraits and plot scenes. Among the Paris Boheme, he succeeded as the creator of sophisticated elegant refined beauties and aesthetes-dandy. His talent was recognized in his motherland rather late; nevertheless, he is rightly considered, along with Nitisse and Zandomeneghi, the founder of Italian Impressionism, in particular, impressionistic portrait.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

Synopsis:A Russian painter and graphic artist, who officially called himself an artist-researcher. He was one of the famous leaders of the avant-garde in his country, a theorist and founder, as well as a practitioner and teacher of "analytical art", a unique reforming movement that had a significant impact on the artistic mindsets of many creators of the first half of the 20th century.Filonov brought elements of scientific knowledge into the vanguard movement and was engaged in combining different ways of knowing the world, relying on intuition. In fact, the artist, who had phenomenal abilities in abstracted thinking, developed a symbolic understanding of painting, the aim of which was to depict not only the object but also thoughts about it and the way of its transmission, that is, added self-reflection to symbolism.Filonov had many followers and imitators, but the strength of his original “accomplishment” was difficult to achieve. Filonov’s “analytical art”, which formed the symbolist branch in the Russian avant-garde, was in opposition to constructivism and suprematism and came close to the surrealistic motives of European modernism.The master’s works are popular in the art market and are constantly exhibited throughout the world. At the exhibition in the Paris center of G. Pompidou in 1990, eight works stolen from the Russian Museum were found; seven of them were returned after many years of negotiations.

A Russian artist, a famous and unique master of the «mood landscape», who expressed the connection between a person's destiny, movements of their soul and the nature. In less than 25 years, we created almost 1000 paintings, many drawings and sketches. Having the title of a «free artist”, then an academician; held landscape classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

A Finnish artist, graphic artist and photographer, a master of monumental painting, the most famous representative of Finnish Symbolism. The artist's work is famous for its deep images - the oppositions of life and death, dark and light, angels and demons. Hugo Simberg is one of the authors of monumental murals and stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St. John the Theologian in Tampere. His painting “The Wounded Angel” became an icon of symbolism, reflecting the essence of this art movement in Scandinavian countries.

An American artist, illustrator, one of the most prominent representatives of American Impressionism. A member of the group «Ten American artists», which included progressive artists, opposing themselves to the official art and the academic society of American artists. He worked mainly in the technique of watercolor, though also created oil paintings. Childe Hassam was a master of the urban landscape. He left a heritage of a large number of works (more than 3000 paintings) and was very popular during his lifetime. The artist's works adorn the White House; they are exhibits of leading museums and art galleries of the United States.

The largest Russian artist, painter and set designer.One of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, Aristarkh Lentulov is certified as a brave experimenter and a "sunny" artist in the history of fine art. He was a member of the Jack of Diamonds group and was one of the first to work at the junction of figurative and subjectless painting; he was the first to choose a colour as the orientation in painting. The organizer and chairman of the Society of Moscow Artists, a professor at several educational institutions.

A famous Russian and Ukrainian landscape painter of Greek origin, a master of Impressionist painting, a talented teacher and the founder of the Society for the Assistance to Artists (it was named after the artist when the master was alive). Starting his painting career with Wanderers (he was a member of the Association of The Wanderers until 1880), he left it resolutely and irrevocably after a trip to France. At the same time, Kuindzhi's searches in the field of light-color painting began earlier; this allowed Alexander Benois to say that Arkhip Ivanovich himself came to Impressionism no later than Impressionists themselves and that his role for the new Russian fine arts is comparable to that of French art.

A Ukrainian artist of Russian descent, a master of etching and linocut.In addition to teaching, he published the magazine "Argonauts" - he was its art editor and an author of research articles on the history of art of Symbolism. Until 1968, they the artist was little known, until his paintings were donated by the master’s son to the art museum of Dnepropetrovsk. Now he is recognized (along with Y. Mikhailov) as a truly consistent Symbolist in the history of Ukrainian art. His works are often exhibited at the National Art Museum of Ukraine and are exhibited at the "Art Arsenal" - a popular cultural and art complex in Kiev.

Fedor Grigorevich Krychevsky was an outstanding Ukrainian painter, teacher and an active public figure, the first rector of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts; he was a professor at the Kiev Art Institute for many years, was awarded the title "Honored Artist of Ukraine" (1940).He was born into a family of a baptized Jew, a Zemstvo paramedic. He was one of eight children and grew up in the Ukrainian small village of Malaya Vorozhba (Kharkiv region) on the Psel River. The talent of Fedor, just like the talent of his elder brother Vasily (the future outstanding architect and artist), manifested itself early - he painted with coal, embroidered his own compositions, molded figures of clay. In the 1890s, the talented guy was noticed by Count V. Kapnist, in the estate of whom Fedor got acquainted with painting, could read books from a rich library, began to copy paintings from albums and original works of art.An example of Ukrainian Art Nouveau was Krychevsky’s monumental triptych "Life" (1925-1927), exhibited in Europe and the United States. Many prominent Ukrainian artists (the Kiev school) consider themselves students of Professor Krychevsky. The main works of the artist are in the permanent exposition of the National Art Museum of Ukraine.

A Danish animal painter and, to a lesser extent, portrait painter and landscape painter. In other areas, he is known for his work in the etching technique, as an illustrator and as a master of wall painting.The family of Johannes belonged to the artistic environment. His mother was the sister of famous artist Johan. When he was a child, he met artists Hans Schmidt and Theodor Philipsen.Larsen stood at the origins of the new art of Denmark, preferring to work in the open air. One of the leaders of a significant and influential group, known as "The artists of Fyn Island" in the history of art. Received orders for monumental paintings of the royal Christiansborg Castle (reception hall, the ceiling of the library), frescoes for the celebration halls in the Odense municipality, the capital of Fyn Island. In the house of the artist, built according to his project, there is a state museum.

A Swiss painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of the European Art Nouveau.The artist was born into a poor family of a carpenter and a peasant woman, he was the eldest of six children. When Hodler was eight years old, he lost his father and two younger brothers. His mother Margaret married a widower with five children; her stepfather was an artist and designer and became the first teacher for Ferdinand – when he was nine years old, he was put to work, helping his stepfather draw simple signs. The boy continued his studies in the town of Thun, where his teacher was a local painter Ferdinand Sommer.Ferdinand Hodler is known as the author of the original artistic method - parallelism, which later became one of the main in the style of art nouveau. He created several monumental canvases and decorative panels adorning public buildings in Switzerland and Germany, thus making a significant contribution to historical painting. Hodler's art was a success among his colleagues; his works were admired by such great artists as Puvis de Chavannes and Gustav Klimt, as well as sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artist was a participant in the mystical Rosicrucian order and exhibited his paintings at the Symbolist Salon "Rose and Cross."

The most famous Spanish impressionist painter. In the early period of creativity, he worked in the styles of realism and naturalism.Joaquin's parents died early; his aunt and uncle brought up the future artist. From 1878 to 1881, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Valencia.The large artistic heritage of Joaquin Sorolla includes about 2000 paintings and several large-scale panels created for the museum in the United States, which depict scenes of rural life in the provinces of Spain. The artist's works were awarded various awards in his homeland and in the USA, appreciated by critics and art lovers at Parisian salons. Sorolla was awarded the Medal of Honor and the Order of the Legion of Honor. After a major exhibition in Paris in 1906, where about 500 works of the artist were presented, Sorolla was promoted to the position of the officer of the Legion of Honor.

An outstanding Georgian painter, a monumentalist, graphic artist, illustrator, talented teacher, professor of the Academy of Arts of Georgia. He worked in the styles of Post-impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism and Primitivism.He was born in a fairly well-to-do family of a railway employee. The boy's mother soon began to notice his great ability to draw. Parents bought Lado a bicycle, and he traveled 20 km to Mtskheta to paint ancient churches there.The painter that lived in Paris a long time and became famous in Europe and America, became the embodiment of innovative trends in painting in his country. He was the first professional artist to depart from the gloomy palette characteristic of the Georgian fine arts. He worked in different modern styles, avoiding only non-figurative styles and is considered the continuer of the ideas of great Pirosmani. Lado Gudiashvili was a member of various creative communities, was awarded high state ranks and prizes (People's Artist, Hero of Labor, etc.)The creativity of Lado Gudiashvili differs in an incredible variety of genre and technique of performance: he wrote with oil, watercolor, gouache, worked in a mixed technique, performed wall painting, created graphic works of art. In the artist's heritage, there are portraits and landscapes, historical paintings and allegorical, mythological and even political works. The nature of the canvas is either epic, or philosophical, or lyrical. Probably, therefore, the master himself refrained from assessing his style, which, nevertheless, is easily recognized, because the motives of his work, especially the early ones, are almost exclusively Georgian.In the capital of Georgia, the house-museum of Gudiashvili was opened, one of the squares of Tbilisi was named after him. The artist's paintings continue to excite the viewer and remain in demand. For example, in 2013, the Sotheby's house sold painting "Temptation" for 1.2 million dollars.

A Norwegian landscape painter, one of the most famous representatives of the Norwegian painting of the late XIX century.During his five-year stay in Paris, he came under the strong influence of Impressionism, which was especially combined with his own artistic style. The artist preferred to work in the open air, depicting the calm flow of rivers, the measured life of small towns and the unique snow-covered landscapes of Norway. Fritz Thaulow was actively engaged in promoting advanced art in his native country. He is one of the few Norwegian painters who received great fame and demand in life. Thaulow’s canvases can be seen not only in Norway, but also in the largest museums of the world.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, a master of portrait and landscape, a book illustrator and theater artist, the author of a series of works of small plastics.He was born into the family of art historian Andrei Somov, who worked as the curator of the Hermitage. His mother, Nadezhda Lobanova, was a talented musician and a well-educated lady. Konstantin had been interested in art since childhood.Somov was one of the leaders of The World of Art society in its first and second variations; he was actively engaged in organizing exhibitions in Russia and Europe and worked in the magazine of the same name. He was also a member of the Union of Russian Artists. Thanks to his exceptional portrait talent, Somov preserved for the history and descendants the appearance of dozens of significant personalities of his Russian era - A. Blok and M. Kuzmin, A. Benois and S. Rachmaninov, F. Sologub and V. Ivanov, as well as Russian Parisians.

An outstanding Austrian artist of Jewish origin, a decorator, a master of monumental painting, who played a big role in the development of Art Nouveau.His father was a hereditary jeweler from Bohemia, but did not have a stable income. His mother, Anna Finster, was a studious but not very successful musician. Gustav was the second of seven children of a Jewish family. Klimts were poor, in the early years of the Habsburg Empire, the work was not enough, especially for ethnic minorities. At an early age, Gustav and his two brothers, Ernst and Georg, showed their obvious artistic talents, and Gustav was noted as an exceptional draftsman.Gustav Klimt was one of the founders of the Vienna Secession - the association of progressive artists who protested against traditional painting. He became the first President of the Secession and the organizer of exhibitions of the society. Since 1898, Klimt had been collaborated with the art magazine named "Sacred Spring", in which the works of Symbolists Beardsley, Moreau, Puvi de Chavannes were published. The artist's work, aimed at introducing avant-garde trends in Austrian painting, played a key role in the development of the country's fine arts of the early twentieth century.

An Outstanding English artist, portraitist, bright representative of British Post-impressionism.Harold John Wilde Gilman, was born into the family of the rector of Kent University. After graduating from the college and studying at Oxford, he worked in Ukraine (Odessa) as a teacher in the family of a British diplomat.Harold Gilman is known as one of the creators of the Camden Town group. It was a fairly influential association of English artists and innovators who gathered in the art studio of Walter Sikkert from 1911 to 1914 in the London area of ​​Camden and arranged exhibitions of modern art.In addition to portraiture, the artist created many landscapes. The most famous of them is "The bridge over the canal, Flekkefjord" (1913) created under the influence of the paintings of Van Gogh.

An American artist and designer, the most famous representative of Art Nouveau in the United States.He was the eldest son of Harriet and Charles Lewis Tiffany, a famous jeweler, the founder of his own company. He grew up surrounded by beautiful exquisite things and luxury, but was not interested in the family business. Attended school at the Military Academy of Pennsylvania.Louis Comfort Tiffany was famous for the invention of a special stained glass technique, which consists of various pieces of colored glass joined together by means of copper foil. This method, as well as new types of glass created by him, revolutionized the decorative art of the late nineteenth century. The technique of Tiffany has become the most common for the creation of stained glass, lampshades and other works of decorative and applied art from colored glass all over the world. The style of modern, in which the designer worked, in the US and other countries of America, is called "Tiffany", after the name of its discoverer.The works of Louis Tiffany to this day are very popular and of great value for collectors of works of Art Nouveau.

Martiros Sergeevich (Sarkisovich) Saryan was a Russian and Armenian landscape painter, graphic artist and theater artist.He was born into an Armenian patriarchal family. In 1897-1904, he passed a course at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.An active participant in the exhibitions of “Blue rose”, The Union of Russian artists, “The World of art”, the magazine “Gold Fleece", the association "Four Arts". The founder of the Academy of Arts in Armenia had a title of academician, People’s Artist of the USSR, Hero of social labor, was awarded state prizes. The creativity and activity of M. S. Saryan played a leading role in the formation of the national Armenian school of painting. The House-Museum of Martiros Saryan was opened in Yerevan.“Nature creates a man, in order to look at itself with its eyes, to enjoy its amazing beauty,” - said the artist about creativity.

An English artist, an active member of the art group "New School".Percy Robert Craft was born into a wealthy family, received a good home education. In the 1870s, he studied painting at the Hetarli Art School and at the London School of Arts Slade.He directed the Newlyn Artists' Dramatic Society in Newlyn Artists, assisted Thomas Gotch in organizing the Newlyn Industrial Classes (classes of applied arts), where local teenagers were invited for training. He was the organizer and constant participant of expositions at the London Royal Academy of Arts, as well as at the newly formed Royal British Colonial Society of Artists.

A Russian and Soviet painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, master of stage set and stage costume.He was born into a family of Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky, a hereditary nobleman, a writer, translator and publisher. In the 1890's, he studied at the Kharkov Art School, visited the evening classes of the Imperial Stroganov School of Art and Industry. After that, he studied at the private academy of Julian in Paris.Peter Petrovich Konchalovsky was one of the founders and active participants of the art association "Knave of Diamonds" and its chairman from 1911. He was also a member of the progressive art associations "Union of Youth" (since 1911), "The World of Art" (with interruptions until 1922), "Genesis" (in 1926-1927). He was an academician and full member of the Academy of Arts of the country, a laureate of prestigious awards.

A Russian artist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an academician.Mikhail was born into the family of a professional military lawyer and adjutant of the Separate Siberian Corps. He tried to draw from the age of five.The phenomenally gifted Vrubel created works in almost all genres and types of fine art: in painting and drawing, theatrical art and decorative sculpture, monumental painting and even architecture - the mansion of S. Mamontov, the church in Talashkino, the pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris were designed by Mikhail Vrubel.

Olexander Murashko was an outstanding Ukrainian artist, a student and nephew of N. I. Murashko, the founder of the Kiev drawing school, a student of I. Repin and A. Azhbe.Born into the family of a talented woodcarver A. Murashko and Maria Krachkovskaya.Master of portrait and to a lesser extent landscape painting, who was at the forefront of the organization and the beginning of the functioning of the Art Academy of Ukraine. At the beginning of his career, he worked in a realistic style, close to the principles of the Wanderers, then - in the style of Impressionism. Synthesizing the basic attitudes of Impressionism in addressing the real and the search for modernists in Munich in the field of folk culture, Murashko created a unique style that did not look like any other in artistic Europe of the early 20th century.

A Greek Expressionist and graphic artist, one of the main reformers of Greek painting of the early 20th century.He was born into the family of famous painter Nikiforos Lytras. Since childhood, he demonstrated his ability for fine arts, painting under the guidance of his father. From 1902 to 1906, he studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts, where among his teachers was also George Yakovidis - a bright representative of the Munich School of Painting in Greece.Nikolaos Lytras was the son and pupil of famous academic artist Nikiforos Lytras. Despite the traditional views of his father, he not only worked in a progressive European style, but also promoted the spread of modern painting in his homeland. Together with his associates, he organized the art group "Association Art", which had an anti-academic orientation and brought fresh stream into the monotonous world of Greek painting. Being a professor at the Athens School of Fine Arts, Lytras conducted important reforms in the institution that gave impetus to the development of new painting in the country and had a great influence on the generation of young artists of Greece, starting in the 1930s.

A Russian artist, stage-designer, philosopher, teacher and writer.Born into the family of famous St. Petersburg notary Konstantin Fedorovich Roerich. In his childhood, he studied with draftsman and sculptor M. Mikeshin.Roerich as a prominent public figure was the head of the association "World of Art", the founder of international movements "World through Culture", "Banner of Peace", the New York Institute of United Arts, the American International Center "Corona Mundi", the author of the Roerich Pact. The total list of organizations which Roerich was a member of, totals approximately 60.Roerich created approximately 7000 paintings, systematized in cycles and series (Old Russian, Mongolian and Tibetan, Himalayan, etc.), which are located in major museums, famous galleries of the world. The artist received prestigious awards not only in Russia, but also in Yugoslavia, France and Sweden. One of the oldest art educational institutions in St. Petersburg is the school named after N.K. Roerich.In the world, more than a dozen museums of Nicholas Roerich are open and functioning. Active is the Roerich’s movement "Agni Yoga" (Living Ethics).

A Lithuanian landscape and portrait artist, a master of paintings and monumental paintings (frescoes), as well as a graphic master.Born into the family of rich farmer Stasis Kalpokas. The childhood of the future master was bright and happy.Kalpokas was one of the founders of the first Lithuanian artistic community (together with M. Čiurlionis, K. Sklereus, A. Zhmuidzinavičius) and was a member of it. He was actively engaged in teaching, worked as a professor at the Kaunas Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts (Lithuania) and wrote a textbook on painting techniques.

An Impressionist artist and teacher, a member of the National Academy of Design, a chairman of the Society of American Artists.Born into the family of a successful merchant. From childhood, he was interested in painting, attending art classes of portrait painter Barton Hayes. His father planned to involve his son in the family business, but the young man was seriously interested in painting and decided to devote his life to it.William Merritt Chase developed his original style, becoming the ancestor of a new style in American painting. He was a member of the Impressionist group “Ten”, which was an alternative to the officially recognized art and promoted progressive trends in painting.He was known as a talented mentor, worked as a teacher of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts, founded his own art school.William Chase was a successful artist. His creations were recognized by critics and popular among the public; numerous students developed and continued the artistic traditions of the master, creating contemporary, avant-garde, modernist art.

Polish artist, outstanding painter and graphic artist Wojciech Weis is one of the key figures of Polish modernism. Wojciech began to study as an artist in Lviv. Then he attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at first as a free listener. Artist recognized and appreciated during his lifetime; he was a member of the Vienna Secession and the Society of Polish Artists, the professor and rector of the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. The master had a huge influence on the development of Polish culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite all the titles and awards, Wojciech Weiss was in constant creative search, experimenting with a variety of techniques and trends in painting. The artist enriched Polish art with the latest European tendencies and contributed to the cultural rise of the country, which was called "Young Poland". The museum of the artist is opened in Krakow.

An outstanding Ukrainian artist, a painter and graphic artist who worked in Russia and France, a member of “The World of Art”, one of the first women who simultaneously entered the history of painting of Ukraine, Russia and France. Known for the portraits of outstanding people of her time, paintings on rural themes and monumental paintings.Zinaida was born into a family of prominent masters. Nikolai Benois, the grandfather of her mother, was a famous architect, her father Eugene Lansere, who died early, was a famous sculptor, her uncle, A. Benois, was an outstanding contemporary artist. After the death of the head of the family in 1886, the mother and six of her children moved to St. Petersburg, but they spent each summer at Neskuchnoye and Veseloye estates. The family visited the Hermitage and theaters, did not miss a single exhibition. All relatives were engaged in creative work and encouraged the studies of Zina, who had been painting since childhood. The choice of the portrait genre was prompted by communication with numerous relatives - bright masters (uncle A. Benois, brothers Lansere, etc.) and guests, such as K. Somov, A. Akhmatova, J. Annenkov. Later, in Paris, she painted S. Prokofiev, artist S. Ivanov, and others.Due to the tragically developing life (and political) circumstances, and also because of her very modestly shy and unpractical nature, Z. E. Serebryakova received deserved recognition only in the 1960s, when a number of exhibitions successfully took place in several cities of Russia. In France, the artist was rarely exhibited, but her magnificent portraits were popular. In the homeland of the artist in the village of Neskuchnoye near Kharkov, there are "Neskuchnoye plein-airs" of her name, and there is The Serebryakova’s Foundation created by her children Alexander and Catherine in France. Critics and connoisseurs characterized Serebryakova as an outstanding master of "European significance", but the voice of the artist, whose art was almost realistic, drowned in the noise around abstract arts and other new delights. In art history, however, there are terms "serebryakova’s painting" and " serebryakova’s portrait”. The canvases of the artist adorn the collections of the best museums of Europe, Ukraine and Russia.

A pointillist, graphic artist and sculptor. A bright representative of the Belgian painting of the late XIX century.Was born into a wealthy family. His elder brother, Octave van Rysselberghe, was a famous architect.Theo van Rysselberghe was a key figure in the development of avant-garde trends in Belgium and in maintaining cultural connections with France. He was one of the founders of the group "Les XX" ("Twenty"), which united innovators, who protested against outdated Academicism of that time and the limitations of art standards. Among the most prominent members of the association, there were James Ensor, Willie Finch, Fernand Knopff, and soon both Auguste Rodin and Paul Signac.The artistic heritage of Theo van Rysselberghe is extremely diverse. Among his works, you can find exotic paintings depicting the inhabitants of Morocco, numerous portraits, landscapes with sailboats and nude women.

A French artist of Swiss origin, a painter, illustrator, engraver and sculptor.Theophile-Alexandre Steinlen studied at the university of his native city to be an industrial designer. At the beginning of his creative career, the artist depicted landscapes, paintings from everyday life and portraits in a traditional manner.A prominent representative of Art Nouveau, Steinlen is known as a poster artist, his posters for the cabaret "Black Cat" in Montmartre made the artist famous and popular among his contemporaries. Steinlen also created illustrations for popular newspapers, magazines and books. He collaborated with several humorous magazines; in 1911, together with friends, founded the newspaper "Humorists", where he published his caricatures and scenes from the life of Paris. The popularity and recognition enjoyed by the artist made him a significant figure in the fine art of the early twentieth century. His graphic works inspired many avant-garde masters, including famous Pablo Picasso.

An English Post-impressionist painter, who was one of the founders of the painters' colony of the Newlyn school in the port city of Cornwall.Walter was born into a poor family. At first, he studied at lithographer.He painted mostly narrative paintings from the ordinary life of the common people and genre portraits. Walter Langley was a member of two official societies in England - the Royal Artistic society and the Royal Aquarelle Artists. In 1895, the Uffizi Gallery (Florence), as a sign of merit, bestowed the artist special attention, ordering him a self-portrait for the Medici collection.

A Dutch painter, a bright representative of Post-impressionism.The artist was born and raised in the wealthy Jewish family of an entrepreneur.Being a close friend and follower of Paul Gauguin, Meijer de Haan played an important role in the development of Synthetism not only in his homeland. Despite the great influence of Gauguin, he found his own style in painting and created rather distinctive portraits, still lifes and decorative works. The artist's creative life turned out to be rather short; after refusing to travel with Gauguin to Tahiti, he practically stopped painting and ended his life in obscurity. Only a few dozen works of the painter have survived; they are mainly stored in private collections.It is still unknown why the gifted artist, passionate about painting, did not continue his career. Perhaps the decision of de Haan was influenced by the departure of Gauguin to Tahiti, or Theo Van Gogh’s early death, or perhaps it was the pressure from relatives who stopped sending him money; after 1891 the artist did not create a single canvas. He returned to the Netherlands, where he died in obscurity, leaving behind only a few dozen extraordinary and certainly talented canvases.

An American artist, portrait painter and interior painter, who was born and lived most of his life in Europe.Sargent was a talented portrait painter with world fame. Among his models, there are famous actors, writers, influential politicians and businessmen. Many of the artist's works were criticized and not accepted by society. However, over time, Sargent received widespread recognition. He became a member of the National Academy in New York, the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and was awarded the title of Knight of the Legion of Honor in Paris. Exhibitions of the artist took place in major museums in Europe and the USA. He became a worldly famous classical painter.Apart from painting, Sargent is known for his wall paintings. The frescoes of the Boston Public Library and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts were created by him at the turn of the XIX and ХX centuries.

An Austrian artist-decorator, painter, illustrator and poster artist.He was born into the family of Josef Moser, a teacher and director of the gymnasium. After graduation, Koloman learned to paint at the trade school in Widen.Koloman Moser is the most important figure of Austrian Art Nouveau (Jugendstil), a founding member of the Vienna Secession and the organizer of the famous "Vienna workshops", where the artistic design of household items was massively performed. Together with Gustav Klimt K. Moser drew illustrations for "Sacred Spring", the leading art magazine of Austria, and created several posters of the Vienna Secession exhibitions. The artist made a large number of sketches for the decoration of jewelries, lamps, textiles and dishes. He was a trendsetter in the interior, especially furniture design, which was in great demand among the admirers of Art Nouveau. Stained-glass window by Koloman Moser is depicted on the commemorative coin of 100 euros, issued in 2005.One of the artist's greatest achievements was the stained glass and murals of the Steinhoff Wagner church, which he made in 1904. After exiting from the Vienna Secession in 1905 and the "Vienna Workshops" in 1907, Moser began to pay much attention to paintings. In the author's creative heritage, there is a large number of landscapes, still lifes and portraits, painted in an energetic manner with bright, saturated colors, sometimes in unusual and bold combinations.

An outstanding Russian painter, portraitist and graphic artist, a singer of peasantry.The artist was born into a family of poor state peasants, who had many children. He started drawing early, copying icon-painting images at the age of four to five, later painted portraits of fellow villagers, sculpted figures from clay. He quickly learned to read and write from a retired sergeant major.The master of the peasant theme in a very temperamental and peculiarly variegated interpretation, Philip Malyavin became famous in Russia and abroad. The decorative-epic and very recognizable "Malyavinian" manner began with picture "Laughter", which became the diploma work of the graduate of the Academy and caused a scandal, and then was exhibited at the World Exhibition in 1900 in Paris, where it received "gold". Laughing peasant women in red, monstrously bright sarafans, put in the center against a background that is difficult to read, are performed pasty and with such a transfer of emotion that one cannot simply not smile. A member and participant of exhibitions of associations "World of Art", "Union of Russian Artists", the author of historically significant images of Lenin and his associates, painted from real life. As a talented portraitist, he left hundreds of paintings and drawings that convey the appearance of outstanding and significant personalities not only of Russia but also of Europe.

An English Post-impressionist artist, one of the major representatives and “leading figures” of the Newlyn School art group, a co-founder of the New English Art Club.Bramley received his education at the Lincoln School of Art and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. His teacher was a famous Belgian academic artist, Charles Verlat.The works of Frank Bramley were exhibited for almost 30 years (since 1884) at the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts and acquired by the best galleries in the UK.

A famous Swedish painter, graphic artist and sculptor, Zorn was a popular portrait painter. His paintings were ordered by famous politicians, artists and businessmen. The artist worked a lot with watercolor, enjoyed etching. Zorn's creations - portraits, landscapes and engravings – are full of strength and freshness, excellent air and light transmission, simplicity and, at the same time, special dignity and nobility. The artist had a great influence on the development of Russian art.

A famous artist, a brilliant representative of Danish Impressionism, and one of the founders of the colony of artists in Skagen. The colony made a significant contribution to the development of new art movements in the northern countries.Born into the family of a sales agent Jan Ancher and his wife Ellen Elizabeth Munch.Michael Ancher is known for his paintings of life and the hard work of fishermen and portraits of ordinary people. In the house where the painter lived with his wife, artist Anna Ancher, an artists club was organized, and then an art museum was founded, which still works.Michael Ancher, as well as Skagen’s representatives in general, had a great influence on the development of Danish art. Their strong influence is felt in all later avant-garde styles that developed in Denmark in the 20th century.

A German artist and graphic artist of Jewish origin, one of the main representatives of Impressionism in Germany. He worked in the style of impressionism. Earlier periods of creativity are characterized by Realism with Elements of naturalism.Born into the family of wealthy Jewish industrialist Louis Lieberman.Max Lieberman became one of the founders of the Berlin Secession - the organization of artists who opposed themselves to officially recognized academic art. He bought paintings by Manet and Degas, wrote a number of articles in defense of Impressionism. In recent years, Liebermann served as the president of the Berlin Academy of Arts.

A French painter, portraitist, graphic artist and sculptor, a founder of the first modernist movement - Impressionism (along with Claude Monet, Frédéric Bazille, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro). He is deservedly considered the author of a sentimental portrait.

A Russian painter, teacher, writer and set designer, a brother of artist Sergey Korovin. He painted still lifes, portraits. Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin is best known as a landscape painter, a master of open-air painting and a theater artist. Starting with Realism of his itinerant teachers («peredvizhniks»), he worked in the style of impressionism in the future.

Felix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss and French artist and graphic artist, illustrator and master of engraving, who joined the Nabis group (translated from the Hebrew "Prophets") when the groups work was in full bloom.He was born in Swiss Lausanne into the family of notary Protestant Arman Adrien Vallotton and Louise Roseng, the daughter of a baker.Wood engravings (woodcut) in the masterful performance of Vallotton were very widely known. A diversely gifted artist worked in the genres of landscape and still life, interior and portrait, created a series of "nu", close in style to Art Nouveau, and also wrote several novels and plays.In 1927, in the homeland of the artist (during his lifetime, he was not much appreciated there), large commemorative exhibitions were held (Lausanne, Bern), and, in the exposition of 1938 in Zurich, the organizers presented almost 350 works by an outstanding master.

An Estonian Impressionist artist, known as a landscape painter and portrait painter, who made a significant contribution to the development of painting in Estonia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.Paul was born into the family of a field buster. He had a twin brother, Christian, also subsequently a famous artist and founder of the Estonian National Museum.Being the first painter to return to his homeland after graduating from the Academy and a talented teacher, he became the most influential and weighty figure in Estonian art. In addition to genre and landscape paintings, ethnographically accurate original portraits of simple people, he painted so-called “ceremonial” or “armchair” portraits in the academic style to order.

Fernand-Edmond-Jean-Marie Khnopff was a Belgian painter, graphic artist and sculptor, designer, and author of the decoration of the De La Monnet Theater in Brussels.He was born into a rich bourgeois family from Flanders. His father assumed that his son would become a lawyer and sent him to Brussels to study law. However, Fernand soon left school, deciding to devote himself to painting.Fernand Khnopff was one of the founders of the “Union of XX” group of artists in 1883 and is considered the most prominent representative of Belgian Symbolism in painting. He presented his works mainly in Paris, exhibited his paintings at the first salon "Rose and Cross", and also participated in the exhibition of the Vienna Secession, which united Art Nouveau artists. Khnopff was also a talented art expert and photographer. He mixed different techniques and styles in his painting and made a great influence on the development of European Art Nouveau.Fernand Khnopff was a unique person. He surrounded himself with legends and myths, at the same time, being secretive. In his house-studio, built according to his own project and reminiscent of a theater or a temple of art rather than an ordinary house, he welcomed only his favorites. The only close friend and permanent model of the artist was his sister Margaret, whose appearance he admired and whose image captured in several hundred of his works. Despite this, Khnopff was very popular during his lifetime. He was emulated by young painters and admired by art experts and critics; he was the most influential among Symbolists, and the art of the Belgian artist became a source of inspiration of such a bright talent as Gustav Klimt.

An outstanding German painter, the founder of Expressionism.Born into the family of professional landscape painter Wilhelm Marc. His mother, a strict Calvinist, was from the French Switzerland - it was her, rather severe upbringing that made the boy serious and thoughtful.The Expressionist movement became so famous because of its interest in the spirituality of the Symbolists, and also due to the harmonious combination of Primitivism, Fauvism and the vector into the flourishing abstraction. Franz Mark included all these styles in his painting style, adding love to theology and to the animal world. To create an alternative, more spiritual vision of the world, he depicted it through the view of animals that emphasized those aspects of modernity that he considered unfavorable. It is also important that his later works moved into almost pure abstraction.He was an active participant and the main organizer of the Munich Artistic Union of artists-innovators "Blue Horseman", created the almanac of the same name. A number of world avant-garde movements of the 20th century considered the work of this artist, who died on the fronts of the First World War, their predecessor. The museum of Franz Marc works in the Bavarian Kochel am See.

Henri Edmond Cross (Henri Edmond Delacroix) was a French painter and graphic artist, a brilliant representative of Neo-impressionism, a talented watercolorist and marine painter.The artist’s childhood passed in the city of Lille. The talent of Henri Delacroix manifested itself very early; so, his relatives sent him to learn painting from famous artist Carolus-Durand.Together with J. Seurat and P. Signac, Henri Cross founded the Independent Society in Paris - an association of artists whose works were not accepted by the jury of the official Art Salon and who exhibited their paintings separately. Later the painter was elected as a Vice President. The work of Cross, at first realistic, is transformed into a brighter, more colorful and full of light under the influence of Impressionism. Following the method of like-minded people Seurat and Signac, he completed it with individual features and his own subjects.

A French painter and lithographer, a follower of Realism and Symbolism in painting. Henri Fantin-Latour's father was an artist and taught his son the basics of craftsmanship. His mother was Russian by birth. Despite the fact that most of his works are executed in a realistic style, Henri Fantin-Latour is considered to be one of the first Symbolists of France, who showed the direction for the further development of this style in the visual arts of Europe. The artist was one of the few who simultaneously exhibited his works both at the official Paris Salon and at the Salon of the Miserable, where works of a completely different stylistic orientation were accepted. He had many friends among the artistic elite of Paris and London, and frequently painted portraits of famous contemporaries, including talented pictures of Edouard Manet, James Whistler, Charles Baudelaire, and many others.

A French artist, one of the founders and theoreticians of the Nabis group (from Hebrew "The Prophets"). Paul's father was the owner of a perfume factory and dreamed of making his son a merchant. However, at school young Serusier showed a penchant for fine arts and languages. A disciple and a faithful follower of Paul Gauguin. It was Serusier who introduced the work of the outstanding painter to his friends at the Academy of Art who adopted and applied new artistic principles in their work. In addition to paintings and graphics, Serusier created several theoretical works. One of them is "The ABC of Painting", where the artist presented his understanding of the basics of painting.

A Russian and Soviet painter, still-life master, landscape painter and portraitist, one of the founding members of the exhibition and art association "Jack of Diamonds", a member of the Society of Moscow Artists.Ilya was born into the family of "state peasants" engaged in petty trade. He was the oldest of nine children and had to start working at the age of 11.He worked in the styles of post-impressionism, fauvism, neo-primitivism, in the late period – in the style of postmodernism ("socialist realism").He was a member of the movement "The World of Art" (since 1916), the creative group "Moscow painters" (since 1925), and became an active member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia in 1924-1928. The fame of I. I. Mashkov spread beyond the European continent, since from 1924 works were exhibited in America, Venice, London. Vienna and Paris. He was awarded the title of Honored Art Worker of Russia in 1928, was awarded a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Paris in the late 1930s, received a bronze medal "For Outstanding Contribution to the World Art" in New York.

An outstanding Romanian artist, graphic artist and illustrator of Jewish origin.The childhood of the future master was held in the city of Ploiesti. There he received a secondary education. Since from an early age, Joseph loved to draw and had a talent for this, he started working as a window dresser and poster designer.One of the most prolific painters of Romania of the 20th century, who achieved fame in Europe, worked in all genres, painting many portraits, including nudes, landscapes of his country, France and Spain, interior and genre scenes, still lifes. The expressionist artist who became a founding member of the association “Arta” (“Art”) that received the title of “People’s”, played a major role in shaping and promoting contemporary visual art in Romania.

Adalbert Mikhailovich Erdeli was a Ukrainian painter and graphic artist, writer, public figure, teacher.Born into the family of village teacher Mikhail Gryts in the Austro-Hungarian village of Kelemenfolvo, now it is Klimovitsa in the Irshavsky district of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. He had to change his surname in 1901 as a subject of Hungary. Having discovered the talent of his son, his father took care of his education.Adalbert Erdeli was not only one of the founders of the Transcarpathian art school, but also the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian art of the 20th century in general. He was the founder, member and organizer of the Transcarpathian Union of Artists of Ukraine and its first chairman, and also became the first director of the newly opened Uzhgorod Art and Industrial School, where he taught until 1952. In Uzhhorod, a double monument to A. Erdeli and I. Bokshayu, the founding artists of the Transcarpathian school, was created; the Uzhhorod College of Arts at the Transcarpathian Art Institute was named after Erdeli.

An outstanding Russian painter and draftsman, who worked in the genres of portrait, everyday and plot pictures, theatrical scenery.He was born into the family of a professor of a theological seminary. At an early age his father passed away when Boris was younger than two. Him and his three siblings were raised by a his mother on a small pension, she also gave music lessons and sewed. After graduating from the parish school, he studied at the gymnasium, where he got addicted to drawing. In 1887, when the 15th exhibition of Peredvizhniki artists was opened in Astrakhan, Boris, while watching paintings with admiration, decided to become an artist. His mother, despite the fact that she was poor, supported the aspiration of her son.He was an academician of painting, a member of all the progressive communities of St. Petersburg, created in the early 20th century, but at the same time stood apart from them due to his unique talent. A self-portrait of the artist was placed in the prestigious Florentine Uffizi Gallery, and his House-Museum was opened in Astrakhan. The demand for Kustodiev's art does not diminish - in 2012, the painting "The Cabman" from the collection of P. Kapitza sold for 4.4 million pounds sterling.

An English Post-impressionist painter and engraver, an outstanding portraitist of Britain of the early XX century. Augustus was born into the family of a lawyer. He studied at the Slade School of Fine Arts in London, together with his older sister Gwendolin Mary John and future famous artist William Orpen. He painted the portraits of B. Shaw, D. Thomas, T. E. Lawrence, T. Hardy and other equally famous people. From 1903, the artist was a participant and one of the leading members of the "New English Art Club", which popularized contemporary art in England. John also worked as a teacher, leading the painting class at the School of Arts at the University of Liverpool, and later organized a private art school. He was elected a corresponding member, and later was an academician of the Royal Academy of Arts. He was a president of the Royal Society of Painters-Portraitists for five years.

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Courbet’s paintings from the late 1840s and early 1850s gave him his first recognition.Courbet’s early works bordered on Romanticism. His landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes and still lifes are characterized by a peculiar, temperamental perception of nature and dark, saturated color. The main character was the artist himself. Courbet paid particular attention to the transfer of acute characteristics and the plasticity of shapes. He preferred to paint on toned canvases, moving from darker to lighter tones and enlivening the brightest places with sharp glares. “In my paintings, I do what the sun does in nature”, – the artist wrote.

Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Artist and art theoretician. He was the pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematist movement and Cubo-Futurism.Malevich created his first oil painting at the age of 16. It was named “Moonlit Night”. In his paintings, he tried to combine the principles of Cubism, Futurism and Expressionism. He was also interested in aerial photography and aviation, which led him to abstractions inspired by aerial landscapes.

An artist, sculptor and theorist of fine art, one of the central figures of Italian Futurism. Together with Gino Severini, he learned the technique of pointillism from Giacomo Balla and became one of the authors of the Futurism Manifesto in 1910.Umberto Boccioni was the most active participant and propagandist of the movement, its theorist and practitioner. Boccioni made the most significant contribution to the art as a sculptor. He was the first to create futuristic sculptures and wrote a work entitled “Technical manifesto of futuristic sculpture”.Like many of his contemporaries, the artist admired technology, speed, scientific progress and everything that represented the triumph of mankind over nature. Boccioni's works vividly demonstrate the main finds of Futurists - the image of the dynamics and construction of objects using the “line-force” and the principle of “simultaneity”, in which a moving object is presented in the form of several repeating elements of different moments of motion.Umberto Boccioni died early while serving in the army. However, despite that, his name entered the history of modern art forever. The artist’s works are considered the best examples of Italian avant-garde art, and the statue “Unique forms of continuity in space” is rightfully called one of the iconic sculptures of the twentieth century.

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish and French artist, sculptor, graphic artist, theater artist, ceramicist and designer. He was the founder of Cubism (together with Georges Braque and Juan Gris), in which the three-dimensional body was drawn in an original manner - as a series of superimposed planes. Also, it is known that his paintings hold first place in “popularity” among thieves.

Norwegian painter, art theorist, graphic and theatre artist. One of the first representatives of Expressionism and Symbolism, and one whose work influenced modern art. In Europe, he was recognized as the creator of a new era. One of his best-known works is “The Scream” of 1893, a mysterious picture filled with horror and panic.

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was a French artist, draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor. He was the leader of the Fauvism movement and is known for both his use of color and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. Apart from Fauvism, he worked in other genres such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and Cubism.

Serov was a Russian painter, graphic artist, author of several hundred portraits and historical canvases, landscape painter, animal painter and a talented teacher. He worked at different times in various styles – from Realism and Naturalism to Impressionism, and from Neoclassicism and Symbolism to Modernism.

French artist Berthe Morisot, although not a key figure in the formation of Impressionism, played an important role in its development. She was the wife of Edouard Manet’s brother. A student of the most recognized master Camille Corot, she was a progressive artist and achieved stunning heights in arts, especially in painting portraits. Morisot’s paintings are a vivid example of lyricism, femininity and, at the same time, the resilience and courage of the innovator.

Alfred Sisley is a key representative of French Impressionism, whose talent was primarily manifested in landscapes. Together with like-minded people, he organized the Impressionist community, participated in all the first exhibitions and “Plein airs”. He did not become as successful, famous and popular as Monet and Renoir. Many of his works were lost during the Franco-Prussian War when the artist was forced to flee Paris and leave all his belongings behind.

Mary Stevenson Cassatt was an American Impressionist. The main subjects of her works are the social and personal lives of women and motherhood.She started her creative career with works in the classical style but later joined the Impressionists. The primary mentor and close friend of the artist was Edgar Degas. A unique lyricism and naturalness distinguish the works of Mary Cassatt. Despite the positive mood of all her paintings, Mary Cassatt’s life was not so carefree. Unsupported by her father, she was unrecognised in the United States.

Edgar Degas was a French painter and one of the brightest representatives of the Impressionist movement. When he was young, his father prophesied the career of a lawyer. However, Degas was more interested in arts and admired the painting. The young artist was born into a rich aristocratic family and therefore could devote all his time to the arts without having to worry about money.

Camille Pissarro was a French painter and graphic artist, one of the four first representatives of Impressionism. He painted landscapes, still lifes and portraits. He also worked in the styles of Divisionism (Pointillism) and Post-Impressionism.

Claude Monet was the founder of French Impressionist painting.At the age of fifteen, Monet was known as a French cartoonist. In his school years, he liked to depict his teachers in an irreverent manner. Soon, many Parisians asked him to paint caricatures of certain people.

French painter Édouard Manet was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is now among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He created about 2,100 artworks, including landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits.

A few years after the Walker Center acquired this work, Hopper found it necessary to write an explanation to it. The author said that he reflected the impressions of his train journeys to New York.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow (Russia).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest.

Location: Art Institute of Chicago, the USA.

Location: Brooklyn Museum, New York, the USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Museum, Philadelphia, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: watercolor. Location: Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, the UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: British Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 124,5 x 99,7 сm. Location: National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Cruise Collection, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 72,4 x 52,4 сm. Location: Rodin Museum, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 208,6 x 109,9 сm. Location: Metropolitan Museum, New York, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 221,93 x 222,57 сm. Location: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 116,8 x 95,8 сm. Location: Sterling and Francine Clark Institute of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: British Tate Gallery, London.

Mediums: watercolor, paper. Location: National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kunstmus Lunden, Horsens, Jutland.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Hirschsprung collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Fabre Museum, Montpellier, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 81 x 64,8 сm. Location: The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kumu Kunstimuuseum, Tallinn.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Museum of the digital archive of Estonia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kumu Kunstimuuseum, Tallinn.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Royal Museum of Fine Arts. Brussels, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 96 x 74,5 сm. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 80 x 80 сm. Location: The Getty Museum. Los Angeles, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 101,5 x 116,5 сm. Location: Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Brussels, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery of South Australia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery of Manchester, UK.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Galouste Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon, Portugal.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Art Gallery of New South Wave, Sydney, Australia.

Location: The Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 59 x 72 сm. Location: Museum of Art and Archaeology Senlis.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 53 x 114 сm. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Location: Art Museum of Craiova, Romania.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Location: The Old National Gallery, Berlin, Germany.

Mediums: oil, panel. Location: Art Gallery of New Masters, Dresden, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent, Belgium.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 355 x 507 cm. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 129 × 149 сm. Location: Musée Fabre.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of the Petit Palais, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 315 × 668 сm. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Lille Palace of Fine Arts.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Museum of Russian Art, Yerevan, Armenia.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimension: 95 x 122,2 сm. Location: Southampton City Art Gallery, Southampton, UK.

Mediums: pastel, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France. Dimensions: 200 x 250 cm.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: Kunsthalle Bremen, Germany.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimension: 130,5 x 190 cm. Dimension: Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimension: 161 x 97 cm. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimension: 123 x 92 cm. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimension: 208 x 265,5 cm. Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris.