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American artist, sculptor and designer Keith Haring was mostly known for his graffiti paintings attracting with their rhythm, sincere and actual style.

David Hockney is a contemporary English and American artist, an author of famous paintings in the style of pop art with images of sparkling blue pools, attracting the viewer with their coolness in the middle of a hot afternoon. His paintings, smooth and shiny like magazine pages, mesmerize you by their simplicity, clarity and plenty of sunlight.After moving from England to California, the artist became interested in photography. The original technique of shooting with the subsequent overlay of frames allows Hockney to create unusual collages that no one had done before him - these are half-photographs, half-paintings.A constant admirer of Cubism, the artist creates works with a renewed perspective, combining several images into a single whole. His innovative approach to the collage method made the artist a recognized master of photography at the end of the 20th century.Being one of the most influential and expensive artists of our time, David Hockney is constantly inventing new techniques and experimenting with various styles. Since 2009, the artist has surprised the public with computer paintings created using an application on a regular tablet. Hockney’s work, like his bright personality, is of constant interest in society, which expects discoveries and bold challenges from the ageless artist.

Guy Orlando Rose was a prominent representative of California Impressionism (also called the California open-air school).The future artist was born into the wealthy family of Senator Leonard J. Rose. His career began quite early, when, having been wounded while hunting, young Guy Rose began to be interested in painting.An admirer of the artistic talent of Claude Monet, Guy Rose worked mainly in the genres of landscape, including urban, and portrait, was a good draftsman. In the canvases of Guy Rose, there is liveliness, naturalness and play of light peculiar to Impressionism. The artist used a rich color scheme, painted landscapes, female portraits. Several times exhibited his works at the Paris Salon, participated in exhibitions in his homeland, including the World Exhibition in San Francisco, where he received a silver medal.

A German Neo-expressionist artist and avant-garde sculptor, one of the founders of the New Wild group. The real name of the artist is Kern, and he took the pseudonym from the name of his native town of Deutschbazelitz, located near Dresden.The artist’s “calling card”, which makes his paintings instantly recognizable, is human figures located upside down on the canvas. Georg Baselitz began depicting people in this way around 1969.The uncompromising and rebellious spirit of the future famous artist led to the fact that Georg Baselitz was expelled from the art school; his works “What a night fell” and “Naked Man” were banned as obscene, and seized by the police during his first exhibition.Forced to work in the official style of socialist realism while living in East Berlin, the artist switched to abstract art after moving to the western part of the city. Gradually, Baselitz rejected both movements and began to revive German Expressionism, which flourished before the war but was objectionable to the Nazi government. The human figure took the central place in the work of Baselitz, and the paintings became scandalous and defiant.Georg Baselitz played a key role in the development of German art after the Second World War, expressing national identity with the help of symbolic and expressive images.The artist's works were often criticized because of their repulsive and unaesthetic content; however, at the same time, they inspired a lot of European and American artists, contributing to the revival of figurative art.Today, Georg Baselitz is an internationally recognized artist whose work is one of the most expensive works of contemporary painters and sculptors. He continues to work tirelessly, creating a kind of "remake" of his compositions of past years.

An American contemporary conceptual sculptor and artist. The art of Bruce Nauman includes a wide range of creative interests: performance and installation, photography and art video, works for the media, printing and industrial production. In all areas, the artist was attracted by the nature of communication, problems of the language and the role of the artist as a manipulator of visual symbols by the means of communication.Nauman received numerous awards in several areas of artistic practice and an honorary doctorate in arts from the American Art Institute. His works are widely represented around the world at the expositions of the most prestigious museums and galleries. The monumental creations of Bruce Nauman inspired many other artists in the second half of the 20th century and continues to be in demand in the 21st century. In 2004, Time Magazine named him as one of the 100 most influential people in the art world. In 2006, according to the rating of Artfacts.net, Bruce Nauman was number one among living artists.

A Swiss sculptor and lithographer, artist and graphic artist, collector of archaic and ancient works of art, a prominent representative of the avant-garde in his country and Europe. The artist spent more than a decade in Paris, became a member of a Surrealist group organized and headed by Andre Breton. The latter included one of Serge Brignoni's lithographs in the famous illustrated book “Surrealism in 1947”.The artist as a representative of the Paris School was a participant in the Venice Biennale and prestigious international exhibitions of surreal art in England and America. His contribution to the development of avant-garde art in Switzerland is considerable.Close to Surrealism at the artistic and intellectual level, Serge Brignoni used complex metamorphoses of the image of the world. Veins and branches, eyes and viscera, sea creatures and endless cosmic landscapes, spaces and figures, animated by floral fragments, show his attention to nature. A wide range of methods he used to create works of art - sculpture, collage, engraving, painting and drawing - gives S. Brignoni’s works the status of “analog biology”.In 1985, the Swiss artist donated his most valuable and vast collection of art from Oceania and Indonesia to Lugano - in this city, the Museum of Non-European Cultures “Villa Heleneum” was opened four years later.

An outstanding French sculptor, the founder of modern sculpture. Auguste Rodin is rightfully considered the greatest creator of his time, who destroyed the stereotypes in his work and became a model for subsequent generations of sculptors around the world.The unique ability to convey the plasticity and lines of the human body, as well as the complex experiences of the soul, were the main features of the sculptor’s manner. Rodin's work was strikingly different from the traditional canons of Academism. His work expressing the free energy of life and vivid emotions, as well as intimate moments, met with misunderstanding and criticism of contemporaries. Only at the end of the life of the master, his works were appreciated and great success.For a long period, Auguste Rodin worked on a large order - the entrance to the building of the new museum of decorative art in Paris, which was called the "Gates of Hell". The master went so deep into his work that he continued to refine and redo it for eight years. Despite the fact that the museum’s project was never implemented, the elements of the gate, including the famous Thinker, became separate works of art that won the hearts of millions of people with the naturalness of their plasticity and openness of feelings.

A French Catalan-born sculptor, master of tapestry, painter and book illustrator. He was a member of the Nabis group created by Paul Gauguin's followers, although he did not use their sculpting techniques.Maillol appeared in the second and main period of his creative career as one of the most original sculptors and is considered an author who made a revolutionary "return" to classical sculpture at a time when art had a vector of movement towards Abstractionism. He strove for harmony, proportionality, simplification of visual forms, gravitating towards grandeur at the end of the 19th century.Some also catalog him as the forerunner of such sculptors as Henry Moore (blog entry made on November 15, 2009). Although, if we delve into his biography, we will know him as a versatile artist who dominated all disciplines, although he finally found a way to his style in sculpture.Thanks to the efforts of a friend and muse of the master, Dina Verni, who throughout her life was engaged in propaganda of the work of Aristide Maillol, in 1995, the museum of the sculptor, master of decorative and applied art and painter was opened in Paris. She presented 18 sculptures to the French people on condition that they will be permanently exhibited in the Tuileries Gardens.Aristide Maillol's humanistic in essence and execution art had a huge impact on the work of many of the largest sculptors of the 20th century.

An outstanding Russian sculptor and graphic artist, who had earned the glory of “Russian Rodin” even before the revolution. Sergey Konenkov was a master of monumental compositions, portrait and plot genres, masterfully worked in wood, using folk carving techniques. As a portrait painter, he created a whole gallery of images of his contemporaries (F. Chaliapin, M. Gorky, S. Rachmaninov, A. Dovzhenko, K. Tsiolkovsky, V. Mayakovsky, S. Yesenin), compatriot writers (I. Turgenev, F. Dostoevsky, L. Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin). His outstanding monuments to A.S. Pushkin, V.I. Surikov and others are also known.Sergey Timofeevich lived and worked in the United States of America for more than 20 years, mainly in New York. To order of the Princeton University Administration, in 1935, he created a bust of the great scientist Albert Einstein, with whom he was friends; later he created Einstein’s full-length sculpture.During the war, the sculptor was an active member of the American Committee for Russian Assistance. In 1945, a ship was chartered for Konenkov and his works by order of Stalin.The sculptor, who became a full member of the Academy of Arts in the pre-revolutionary 1916, after returning to his homeland, became an academician, People's Artist of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, and an honorary citizen of the city of Smolensk and laureate of state prizes.The sculptures and drawings of the master are in the leading museums of Russia, in several museums and government agencies in the United States and other countries of the world. Works are constantly exhibited at the memorial Moscow House Museum “Creative Workshop of Konenkov”, and the Smolensk Museum of Sculpture opened at the insistence of the artist, who gave a large collection of works to his native city.

An American sculptor and designer of Japanese descent. Isamu Noguchi was one of the most prominent and famous sculptors of the twentieth century in the United States. Throughout his life, he was engaged in art experiments, created original sculptures, design of furniture and ceramics, architectural and landscape projects. His extraordinary and bold style combined traditional and avant-garde elements, setting a new standard for contemporary art.Noguchi did not lose touch with his historical homeland and spent a lot of time in Japan, opened a studio there. The artist regularly traveled around the world. The harmony of Japanese gardens and ceramics, the subtlety and grace of Chinese calligraphy, the gracefulness of Italian marble sculptures, the monumentality and brilliant simplicity of the art of the Indians of ancient America were reflected in his work.The sculptor's work was widely appreciated in the United States in 1938 after he created a large sculpture symbolizing freedom of the press for the Associated Press building in New York. This work was the first of many public facilities installed in various cities around the world. The works of Isamu Noguchi, from children's playgrounds, city squares and squares to complete garden complexes, reflects his faith in the social significance of sculpture, which makes art accessible to everyone.

An American artist, designer and avant-garde filmmaker. Joseph Cornell worked primarily in installation and assembly techniques, using everyday things in unexpected combinations. He had no art education, worked as a seller of fabrics and showed his artistic talents only by the age of thirty, creating a new and interesting style in contemporary art, which had many followers.The impact of Cornell's works on the subconscious and mysteriousness makes him related to Surrealists and Dadaists. However, the self-taught artist never referred himself to any of the modernist or avant-garde movements. He led a very secluded life on the outskirts of the city with his sick brother and mother; rarely spoke in public, but maintained friendly relations with most modern American artists. Cornell was a deeply religious man and an ardent supporter of "Christian science", which left a significant imprint on his entire work.Joseph Cornell is best known for his original installations, where in a small often closed on all sides space everything acquires an entirely different meaning and causes a wide variety of associations. The artist’s most famous works are glass boxes in which he placed various objects: old photographs, newspaper scraps, and other small items. These “shadow boxes,” as the author himself called them, had a great influence on the development of installation, assemblage, and other types of contemporary art.

A Swiss sculptor, painter and graphic artist, one of the largest sculptors of the 20th century, a vivid representative of the avant-garde.Giacometti, who studied the art of painting and sculpture in Geneva and Paris, experimented with cubism and futurism, was interested in primitive sculpture technique. For some time, he worked with a surreal French group and created strange objects testifying to cruelty, interest in eroticism and at the same time the author’s dreaminess and humanism.After he suddenly departed from Surrealism, Giacometti again created more figurative and vital works. The mature master created his most famous works - a series of elongated and fragile figures, similar to skeletons and made not by carving but by modelling in clay or plaster without thorough study and smoothing of the surface of sculptures and figurines. These works are extremely highly valued in the art market, and viewers are always incredibly interested in them.Giacometti wrote articles for catalogues of many exhibitions and periodicals, outlining extraordinary thoughts, and also kept diaries where he introduced memoirs, observations and explanations to his works. They are an important document of the avant-garde era in art and culture.The most highly regarded (literally and figuratively) outstanding classic of world sculpture was so extraordinary that he did not have direct followers, but influenced the entire world of fine art. He was the idol of Salvador Dali, Henry Moore and other famous artists.

A Russian sculptor-muralist, master of the portrait genre in marble and bronze, professor, an author of theoretical works on monumental art.The natural talent allowed Vuchetich to become one of the most prominent representatives of "Soviet classicism", whose works are known in many countries of the world. He was repeatedly awarded the Grand Prix of international exhibitions; his merits were evaluated by six USSR state awards, as well as the J. Nehru Prize.The sculptor was awarded medals and orders (including as a participant in the Great Patriotic War), was Vice-President of the Academy of Arts; he became a Hero of Socialist Labor and People's Artist of the USSR. In his works, Yevgeny Vuchetich depicted the most significant events in the history of his country; the images of his works symbolize the military and labour heroism of the people. Such subjects determined the dramatic nature of his creations, which, however, always were life-affirming.The most significant in scale are his sculptural ensembles in Berlin Treptower Park and on the Volgograd Mamaev Kurgan. The sculpture "Motherland Calls" was inscribed as the tallest non-religious statue in the world in the Guinness Book of Records.

A Russian sculptor-muralist, master of the portrait genre, as well as the author of innovative household plastics - vases, glasses, glass figurines.The sculptor taught by prominent Russian and Parisian masters preferred the monumental genre and introduced some techniques of cubism and futurism into the sculpture. She became famous for her impressive monuments, the main of which is “Worker and Collective Farm Girl”, for which the author was awarded the Grand Prix at the International Exhibition in Paris. She also won the Venice Biennale.Over the years, the artist was a member of the art associations "Monolith", "Four Arts", the Society of Russian sculptors, the "Team of Eight", became an academician and got the title of People's Artist of the USSR.The sculptor created dozens of portraits of war heroes, scientists, artists, in which the image of outstanding people is realistic and emotional.Vera Ignatyevna was awarded the USSR State Prize five times for individual works, orders and medals not only in her country. She taught at the sculptural faculties of several educational institutions, was an author of theoretical articles on monumental sculpture.The Vera Mukhina Museum was opened in Feodosia, where she lived for a long time; a crater on Venus was named in her honour.

An outstanding world-famous Romanian sculptor, who made most of his creative career in France. He is one of the main founding artists of the abstract sculpting style and the brightest representative of the Paris school.Konstantin Brancusi, who was famous in avant-garde art of the 20th century, led the sculpture to revolutionary simplification of forms. This was not a simple exercise in plastic design but a real interpretation of the rhythm of the modern life. At the same time, the master, who worked in stone, bronze and wood, showed the highest technical skill. Through the emphasized formality and the apparent poverty of a shape, he revealed the inner beauty of the materials he used, freeing it from superficial manifestations. The proof that the art of Brancusi was not just empty abstraction but was filled with high content is the extraordinary popularity of his works during the life of the master and now. The pioneer of abstract sculpture was widely known in Europe, America, and also thanks to his admirer and follower I. Noguchi in Japan; but he never forgot his roots. The sculptor received large orders from Romania, including for park memorials.The artist’s legacy is also in demand in the 21st century. Despite the fact that the author frequently copied his sculptures, they are estimated at tens of millions of euros or dollars in the modern art market.Since its opening, the Georges Pompidou Center in Paris has a separate room with sculptures by Constantine Brancusi - the author bequeathed his works to the French people.

A German sculptor, engraver, graphic artist and playwright. The artist that engaged in figurative art is considered a prominent representative of late Expressionism, closely associated with traditional Gothic German Middle Ages.From the 1910s, Barlach’s work gained a great publicist scope. He constantly appealed to the consciousness of mankind, striving to expose the severity and depth of the problems of modernity. Like Expressionism in general, his art is characterized by high spiritual and ethical ideals.Bertolt Brecht, who called Barlach one of the greatest sculptors who have ever worked in the country, said about his works, “Beauty without embellishment. Greatness without moralizing. Harmony without gloss. The power of life without cruelty".In 1930-1931, to the 60th anniversary of the master, large exhibitions were held in German cities, in Essen, Venice, New York, Zurich, Paris. The fact of such widespread recognition did not stop the Nazis from harassing the artist, who became an "internal emigrant". He continued to do things that were hated by the authorities and the fundamentalist public.His plays were banned; his sculptures were removed from public collections and destroyed as "degenerate art". The press wrote, "we hope that all traces of his terrifying works will be removed"; the sculptor was called only "anti-German" and "semi-idiot". However, Barlach, having refused membership in the Academy of Arts, decided not to leave the country, upholding the right to free creation.In the post-war period, Barlach museums were established in both German states in the city of Gustrow (GDR) and Hamburg (Germany). A separate museum building was erected near Gustrow, where about 400 sculptures, about two thousand sketches and manuscripts of the creator are stored. The Ernst Barlach Society still exists.

A famous English sculptor, one of the most prominent people in the art of Great Britain of the 20th century. Barbara Hepworth worked in those times when female artists, especially sculptors, were rare. Along with her contemporaries Ben Nicholson and Henry Moore, she considerably influenced the development of British art in general and abstract sculpture.Hepworth’s favourite materials were wood and stone, from which she created biomorphic abstract compositions using the cutting technique. The artist developed the principle of "hollow form" and for the first time created a through sculpture, which is widely used by many sculptors of our time. Hepworth coordinated her extraordinary and mysterious images with the surrounding space and gave them a resemblance to natural forms and lines. The sculptor’s work is characterized by a special rhythm characteristic of the laws of nature itself.Together with her husband Ben Nicholson, Barbara Hepworth was the leader of the St. Ives Artists' Colony, where she lived from the beginning of World War II until her death. She was also one of the founders of the Unit One art movement, whose participants were avant-garde artists and sculptors, and which managed to combine Surrealism and Abstractionism in British art.

An outstanding Polish artist, sculptor and reformer of tapestry art. The textile sculptural forms of abakans were named after the artist. Large coarse-grained works were striking in their appearance, reminding the viewer organic repeatedly enlarged structures. The world art community highly appreciated the novelty of technology and plot ideas by Abakanowicz in the first half of the 1960s, having awarded the artist the main awards of the international biennale.The significant freedom that provided Polish artists with the opportunity to travel to western countries contributed to the development of Magdalena’s unique talent. She has been to Paris and Venice, Munich and New York, participated in art events outside the Eastern Bloc and received “injections” of other art, very different in form from the socialist realism adopted in Poland.Abakanowicz always emphasized the metaphorical nature of her works with names, since all her works are the result of thoughts “about the circumstances that form various human conditions”, a reflection of her personal life with her history of fears and suffering.Art critic D. Vrublevskaya determined, “M. Abakanowicz’s art is based on biology. But she is a creator; therefore, she explores a person through a form and uses instinct in her research.” The relentless ingenuity of Abakanowicz is determined by her creative credo, “I do not like principles and rules. These are enemies of fantasy. ”The artist was awarded many prestigious awards; her works adorn cities of Europe, Japan, the USA, Israel, and South Korea - she gave lectures and masterclasses in many of these countries.

The most famous and significant English sculptor of the post-war period, one of the founders of modernist British sculpture. Moore significantly influenced the gradual transformation of British sculpture from provincial to avant-garde, which not only corresponded to European concepts of modern art, but also introduced its themes and means of plastic expression.Moore became world-famous thanks to his sculptures designed for open space, which are installed in many large cities around the world. These works, depicting mainly semi-abstract human figures, impress you with the harmony of their forms and musicality of smooth, winding lines. They reveal the eternal themes of the beauty of nature and the attractiveness of the female body, the spiritual closeness of a man and a woman, the selfless love of a mother for her child - all that makes our world more beautiful.The sculptor preferred to cut his works from a whole piece of wood or stone, and began to use plaster and bronze casting only in the late period of his career. In addition to sculpture, Moore is known as a wonderful draftsman. His most significant works were impressive images of London citizens hiding in subway stations during Nazi bombings.

An outstanding French sculptor, painter, draftsman and teacher. After working for 15 years at the workshop of Auguste Rodin, first as his assistant and student, and then as his colleague, Antoine Bourdelle became an influential figure in the European art community.Bourdelle's Paris Studio Studio was visited by such students as Aristide Mayol, Vera Mukhina, Alberto Giacometti, who became outstanding sculptors, as well as artists Henri Matisse, Vadim Meller and dozens of others.The sculptor’s outstanding talent is evidenced by a large number of orders received by him for monumental buildings of national importance and a considerable number of works performed for capitals and cities around the world.The legacy of the master, who did not object to the repeated replication of his most outstanding works, is represented in museums around the world with his castings of bronze figures and compositions, as well as the copies of his works of later years.The artist became the full holder of awards of the Order of the Legion of Honor of France, was the founder and vice president of the Tuileries Salon in Paris. He created portraits of such prominent people as O. Rodin, G. Efel, and others.The house with his workshop in Paris, in which the sculptor lived and worked from 1884 until the end of his life, became an art museum, where there are many ready-made works, as well as sketches for them, made in terracotta, clay and plaster. The garden adjoins the museum, which also became the place to exhibit sculptures by Antoine Bourdelle. The second garden-museum of the sculptor was opened in Égreville thanks to the efforts of the heirs; 56 works by the master are presented there.

A Filipino artist, a bright representative of Cubism. Having been educated in the USA, Canada and Europe, the artist was in the forefront of the modernist movement in his country and played one of the key roles in the development of contemporary art in the Philippines. Manansala is known as the author of "transparent cubism", in which images are superimposed on each other and create a feeling of lightness and weightlessness. His paintings combine the most modern world art trends with local flavor and a deep understanding of the psychology of the people. Many works by V. Manansala reveal the theme of human deprivation and extreme poverty in post-war Manila. The artist’s colour palette is distinguished mainly by bright, sunny shades inherent in the nature of his motherland. Manansala's paintings are filled with spiritual light and sincere sympathy for the depicted characters. The artist believed that the true beauty of art arises in the process of its creation, and the central theme of each painting is love.

A Belgian artist-innovator, a bright representative of Surrealism. Pictures of Paul Delvaux are inspired by secret desires, subconscious fears and vivid impressions from childhood. The painter’s art is famous, first of all, for its naked women, silent and motionless, like statues, in an atmosphere of mystery and emptiness.Most of Paul Delvaux’s creative career developed during World War II and the occupation of his home country. This was one of the reasons why an anxious mood and restless motives appeared in his paintings; although this was expressed not in a direct way but through an appeal to the psyche of a man and his subconscious.Even though Delvaux never officially belonged to surrealist groups and did not even associate himself with this movement, he was close to many of the surrealists. The artist closely communicated with Rene Magritte, who had a noticeable influence on him, and Andre Breton, the founder of Surrealism.In his work, the artist did not use abstract objects, as his colleagues did. On the contrary, the master’s paintings are striking in their realism and correctness of forms. Paul Delvaux created the stunning atmosphere of mystery in his works using his methods, combining extraordinary images with the symbolism and incomprehensibility of the plot.

A famous artist (painter and graphic artist), art theorist, talented teacher, a prominent figure in the cultural process of the first quarter of the 20th century. A native of Russia, Viktor Palmov is rightly considered a classic of the Ukrainian avant-garde. The artist developed his theory of "colorization" and was the author of several articles on the problems of the theory of new painting, published in the magazine "New Generation". The master’s works were among those “arrested” and were banned from showing at galleries and museums on a par with the canvases of A. Bogomazov, D. Burliuk, A. Exter, and “Boychukists”.

A Spanish (Catalan) painter and sculptor, whose work had a huge impact on the entire generation of modern artists. Joan Miro's paintings are the earliest surrealistic works. They served as the basis for the further formation and development of the style that is extremely popular to this day.Joan Miro tried his hand in various modernist and avant-garde styles of European painting, but never stopped on one of them completely, constantly improving and enriching his artistic method, experimenting with different painting techniques and methods. The result of these experiments was his painting style based on surrealism. This is what allowed the artist to rethink the basic principles of fine art in accordance with his original vision of the surrounding reality.The unique world of Joan Miró is full of unique images and symbols. They are presented in the form of pure plastic signs located in an empty space; they are not completely abstract but rather resemble naive art or drawings of children. Miro’s paintings consist of geometric, right or wrong figures, a dance of twisting lines and small details that have mystical meaning and create an indescribable atmosphere of each work.

An English avant-garde artist, a graphic illustrator, closely associated with British Vorticism. Together with Jessica Dismorr, she formed the “female” part of a group of 11 artists who signed the Vorticist Manifesto. Helen Saunders published her artwork, as well as poetry and prose in BLAST magazine. As a representative of early British Abstractionism, she became one of the first authors in the country working in a style very close to non-figurative, and she reached certain heights in this, developing her style in the mainstream of ideas of Post-Impressionism and Vorticism.An important contribution of the artist to the social life of the country was her active support of the struggle to provide women with suffrage.The non-durable Vorticist movement, initially often seen as a “muscular” manly affair, was supported by two women in such an innovative and compelling manner that so far none of the retrospective exhibitions dedicated to this Anglo-American movement could be held without their paintings. One of the largest ones, “Vorticists: rebel artists in London and New York, 1914-1918” (2011), was exhibited not only in the United States and Great Britain but also in Italy.According to Helen Saunders, the movement represented "a very segmental group of artists, each of whom developed their ideas under the auspices of the vortex".

An English avant-garde artist, an active participant in the non-durable but radical movement “Vorticism” that appeared in London just before the First World War.Edward Wadsworth not only signed the Manifesto of the new association, but also created graphic compositions for Blast magazine, working closely with its chief editor, Wyndham Lewis. Having placed the magazine “Explosion” in Wadsworth’s hand in his canvas “Vorticists in the restaurant de la Tour Eiffel: Spring, 1915”, his colleague W. Roberts emphasized his significant role in the group. This was fundamentally important in the 1960s, when interest in the movement became more intense.The artist traveled a lot and contributed to the further development of the British avant-garde, introducing ideas of Surrealism into it. He was a member of such significant creative associations as the Paris group Abstraction-Création.

An Italian artist, an outstanding representative of the second wave of Futurism in painting, one of the first Surrealists in his country. Enrico Prampolini was an unusually gifted man who showed his talent in many branches of art. His contemporaries knew him as a theater set designer and designer, as well as an architect who created several fundamental works. Together with Gerardo Dottori, the artist worked in the style of aerial painting, creating works based on the feeling of flight, the features of the air perspective and speed.Prampolini was one of the authors of the Manifesto of Mechanical Art, which proclaimed the dominance of machines in the world of the future and the close connection of new technologies with painting. The artist believed that contemporary art should be based on the use of mechanical elements from the world of industry. In his works, he praised the coherence and rhythm inherent in the work of mechanisms.The painter’s art developed in close contact with the avant-garde movements of Europe. Prampolini knew Paris Cubists, and also took an active part in the work of the German Bauhaus movement. Being a supporter of the abstract geometric construction of the composition, which is characteristic of Italian Futurism, Prampolini gradually moved to a complete abstraction, including elements of surrealism.

A Belarusian painter, graphic artist, illustrator and stage designer of Jewish origin, a master of applied and monumental art of the 20th century. Marc Chagall became one of the most internationally recognized creators. When many of his fellow peers conducted ambitious experiments, often leading to abstraction, he sacredly believed in the power of figurative art, which he supported with his work.Despite the avant-garde ideas he perceived, he remained a romantic. Born in Belarus, Chagall worked in Russia and France, where he immediately became a prominent figure at the École de Paris, and later in the United States and the Middle East. Travels confirmed his image of the archetypal "wandering Jew", who believed that art destroys borders and estates.The influence of Marc Chagall is as vast as the number of styles that he assimilated in his art. Never completely agreeing with any movement, he mixed many of the visual elements of cubism, fauvism, symbolism and surrealism into his lyrically emotional aesthetics with the invariable presence of Jewish and Slavic folklore.Chagall, like Picasso, is a vivid example of a modern artist who created many works - paintings (oil, gouache, watercolour), frescoes, etching, stained glass, ceramic products, theater decorations and costumes.

An Italian painter, architect, sculptor and art critic. He worked mostly in Milan and Rome. The work of Mario Sironi overcame several cardinal changes during his long career. The artist made the greatest contribution to Futurism, enriching and supplementing it with his original finds, as well as to metaphysical painting, becoming its bright and original representative. He was also one of the creators of the “Novechento” style that tried to change the diversity of modernist movements with a more rational “return to order”.Mario Sironi was a master of the industrial landscape subtly feeling the rhythm and atmosphere of his era. His paintings are distinguished by twilight mood and dark tones, contrasting sharply with the bright and enthusiastic canvases of Futurists. Using a rather limited palette, thanks to his sense of colour and form Sironi managed to create a unique atmosphere of alienation and emptiness of the modern world.Like many of his colleagues, the artist supported the fascist regime and created murals and mosaics commissioned to the order of the government. After the fall of the Mussolini regime, he experienced a great shock and disappointment, which negatively affected his work, but he continued to actively paint until the end of his days.

An English innovative artist, painter and graphic artist, a book illustrator. Jessica Dismorr was one of two women who became active members of the Vorticist movement and signed their Manifesto in 1914. Dismorr's fame is based on her status as an artist - a prominent representative of the early British avant-garde.Beginning as a Fauvist, Jessica worked a lot as a co-editor of the Blast magazine, which was aggressive towards Academism; in that magazine, she published her artwork, prose and poetry. Later, she created a recognizable form of geometric abstraction, which required not only talent, but also courage.Art historian H. Wilensky commented on her role as “the courage to overcome discrimination against female artists in England” and emphasized the importance of her work as “the most typical for artistic experiments of the time”. Due to the claims of W. Lewis (“this is what I personally did and said in a certain period”), it is not surprising that Dismorr was almost invisible in the history of modernism for quite a long time. However, a research conducted in the 1960s and an ongoing research, as well as major exhibitions, pay tribute to this artist and the second Vorticist, Helena Saunders.

An Italian Futurist artist, decorator and master of murals. The name Gerardo Dottori is inextricably connected with the historical region of Umbria, where he was born and lived most of his life and where most of his paintings are kept. In Perugia, his hometown, he founded the avant-garde art magazine Griffa, which carried out the task of spreading the ideas of Futurism in the region.The artist signed the “Aerial Painting Manifesto” in 1929 and became one of the leaders of this movement chanting speed, height and the feeling of flight. His most famous works are original images of Italian landscapes, often viewed from a great height. Bright, saturated shades of emerald and blue, which the artist used in his works, as well as fantastic landscapes, became the hallmark of the master.Dottori called himself a "rural futurist”. He never admired the roar of machines, urban bustle and noise. The artist preferred the calmness and contemplation of the hinterland where the time has a completely different speed, and nature and people do not change for centuries. For a long time, the artist’s work was among the little-known outside his homeland; however, in recent decades, the interest of Art Nouveau connoisseurs in bright and original works of Gerardo Dottori increased significantly.

A Russian painter, master of landscape, art theorist and art critic, theater artist. The artist’s creative career and personal life were happy. He was successful from his student years, appreciated after the revolution, got various honours (prizes, orders, titles); he avoided all the persecutions that swept the country in waves. However, he was never an opportunist – the painter worked in his manner and mainly on “his” themes – landscapes and architecture, paying much less attention to plot and portrait painting.The style of Konstantin Yuon, close to realism and moderate impressionism, acquired a certain colour either of symbolism or of primitivism, but always remained “living” and genuine.Numerous works of the master are in the collections of large Russian museums and galleries; they are presented at regional and former republican museums of the post-Soviet territory.

A Russian avant-garde painter of Ukrainian origin, a graphic artist and art theorist. The name of Aleksander Shevchenko is found in the catalogues of all significant exhibitions of progressive associations and groups - "World of Art" and "Union of Youth", "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey’s Tail”. Undeniable is Shevchenko’s contribution to the theoretical justification of the value of primitive art, the further use of the techniques of cubism and futurism, as well as the theory of “colour dynamos” based on a combination of the latest and archaic forms of pictorial art that he developed together with A. Grishchenko.Shevchenko became the organizer and chairman of the "Workshop of painters", who advocated easel art. As a teacher, he invited many of his students to join this movement. Despite his departure from the radical avant-garde, he was criticized as a "formalist" more than once.Paintings of the master are presented in the largest collections of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum and many regional galleries and museums in the countries of the former Soviet Union.

An Italian artist and composer, poet, art theorist, one of the leaders of Futurism. Luigi Russolo was an extremely multi talented person, his talents included painting, music, literature and science.He was one of the most original representatives of Futurism, its founder and theorist. Music works of L. Russolo was approved and respected by great Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Diaghilev, the founder of the famous Parisian ballets. Russolo's famous manifesto entitled “The Art of Noise” became the basis for the emergence of a number of musical trends that appeared many years after the death of their author.The artist’s contemporaries remembered him as a bold experimenter who was not afraid to present his painting and music inventions to society. Together with Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla and other artists, he became the author of the “Technical manifesto of futuristic painting”, which was published in 1910.Russolo suggested introducing sound colours of the industrial world into art: the sounds of cars and trains, the noise of wheels, the sounds of factories and factories, the buzz of a busy crowd. His painting is distinguished by close connection with music and the extraordinary refinement of style and harmonious colour solutions.

An Italian painter and graphic artist, a representative of Futurism and Metaphysical painting. A creatively active artist and painting theorist, Carlo Carra was one of the most famous artists in Italy in the early decades of the 20th century and an influential member of the futuristic movement.The artist’s style changed dramatically several times over his long career. He survived several successive periods: early Neo-impressionism and Symbolism, Futurism, Cubism, metaphysics and neoclassical painting.The artist made the most significant contribution to Futurism. In his paintings, he skillfully combined the original techniques of cubism with dynamism and the bold innovation of futuristic ideology. Carra’s canvas of the futuristic period is filled with incredibly bright and energetic images, chaotic movement and wild emotions.During the war, he met with Giorgio de Chirico, with whom he founded a style known as metaphysical painting. Since then, he painted still lifes and interiors filled with ominous emptiness and mysterious silence. In the late 1920s, the artist completely abandoned the avant-garde art and defended the conservative aesthetics of Novecento.

A Russian avant-garde artist, painter and graphic artist, a stage designer, who worked in Paris for many years. In the history of Russian art, the name of N.S. Goncharova is closely associated with the name of M. Larionov: they worked together for 60 years, first in Russia, then in Paris. Unusually talented creators, collaborating, helped one another to establish their individuality.The artist called the Amazon of the avant-garde, a member of the Jack of Diamonds and Blue Horseman groups, a Futurist and Cubist painter, was a bold innovator in painting, a brilliant decorator that till now impresses art lovers with a rare variety of her great artistic talent.The so-called «Russian style» never existed in professional fine art before Goncharova's «Rooster». Inheriting the traditions of lubok art and using folk ideas about religion, the folklore of Egypt and her favourite Scythia, she, undoubtedly, combined all into a single harmonious style.

A Russian theater artist and set designer, painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of Russia. Golovin, who collaborated with V. Meyerhold and S. Diaghilev, was not only the greatest master of theatrical and decorative art but also one of its reformers. He possessed a keen sense of style, inexhaustible imagination and rare stage intuition, which always allowed him to find a single artistic solution to the production that influenced the work of the director. The name of Golovin is associated with an almost 20-year period in the development of Russian theater culture.As an easel artist, Alexander Golovin preferred Impressionism and Art Nouveau; however, he painted some portraits (for example, of his friend Nicholas Roerich) in a completely realistic manner.The peculiarity of Golovin as a portrait painter is in the fact that he created magnificent portraits of artists (ballerinas, actors) as the characters they played. The most significant are the images of Chaliapin - Golovin painted him as Mephistopheles, Holofernes, Boris Godunov, Farlaf, etc.Easel paintings by Alexander Golovin are in the most famous collections of Russia, and his sketches for costumes and stage became independent paintings of considerable value.

A talented and original Ukrainian artist, a bright and influential representative of avant-garde painting and scenography. Her career was marked by constant innovative searches, as a result of which she made a significant contribution to the development of both Ukrainian and Russian painting avant-garde, decorative and applied art and scenography.The studio school that Alexandra Alexandrovna opened in Kyiv laid the foundations for new methods of teaching fine art. Ekster participated in most of the exhibitions held until 1925 in the capitals of Russia and Ukraine, exhibited her works in Germany, France and the USA.She was one of the first artists to receive lifetime recognition, as evidenced by numerous articles in periodicals of various countries, in particular, an illustrated monograph written in four languages by J. Tugendhold, a famous art critic and influential connoisseur of new French art (1922, Berlin).

A Russian avant-garde artist, graphic illustrator, an outstanding figure of theater and cinema and writer. The style of the creator in fine art was revealed in the harmonious combination of Modern, Cubism and Futurism with the techniques of traditional painting.Annenkov’s significant gallery of acutely characteristic portraits of painters and writers, politicians and artists was formed – in 1922, 80 paintings that convey the appearance of key figures of the time - Akhmatova and Meyerhold, Pasternak and Mayakovsky, Remizov and Gorky, Zamyatin and Khlebnikov, Trotsky, Lunacharsky, Zinoviev and others – were included in the album “Portraits”. He was awarded the first prize for a portrait of Lenin in 1924 – it was printed on banknotes and stamps.It is impossible to overestimate his innovative contribution to the scenography of both Russian and French theaters. Working with Stanislavsky, Meyerhold, Komissarzhevsky, Baliev, Annenkov first put forward and embodied the idea of pointless kinetically changing scenery. As a film artist, he was awarded the Oscar.Boris Temiryazev created dramatic and prosaic works, journalism and memoirs “Diary of my meetings” under a pseudonym. Having written vivid and not always complimentary memories of Blok, Gorky, Mayakovsky, Zamyatin, Akhmatova, Pasternak became an author who was forbidden to publish his works in the USSR.

An outstanding Ukrainian painter and graphic artist, one of the main representatives of the avant-garde fine art of the first half of the 20th century. He worked in the genres of landscape, portrait, still life and plot painting. David Shterenberg was a talented teacher; among his numerous students and followers, there were such prominent masters as A. A. Deineka and others. A multi-talented personality and creator, he was a book artist and a master of theatrical scenery.Being ahead of the development of new styles, the artist developed a theory of minimalism in a still life, where elements of Primitivism and Cubism harmoniously combined. He developed and published the program treatise "Tasks of Contemporary Art." He was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the USSR.The merit of the master in the world of art is that he defended the fundamental importance of easel painting in the general formation of a new aesthetics of the 20th century being in full solidarity with avant-garde art.

A Russian artist, an illegitimate son of famous landscape painter-wanderer Alexei Savrasov. Alexey Morgunov was at the center of the creative events and artistic ideas of the Russian avant-garde in the first two and a half decades of the 20th century, but subsequently completely abandoned it.The artist was an active member and exhibitor of the Moscow Association of Artists, Youth Union, Jack of Diamonds, became a participant in such landmark exhibitions as Tram V, Shop (Petrograd), Moscow Salon, and The World of Art, Fifth State Exhibition of Paintings in Moscow, etc.Morgunov was a close friend of Malevich. Together they invented different shocking events for Futurists. He was a regular at Kracht's salon of intellectuals; was fond of the theories of M. Larionov and N. Goncharova, working both in neo-primitivistic and cubo-futuristic manners. In terms of style of his early and late creative periods, he was the closest to French Fauvism.As a professor of painting, he taught at the State Free Workshops and was a member of the Objective Analysis group at the Institute of Artistic Culture. In the last decade of his creative career, moving away from the avant-garde, he created thematic paintings that are close to the style and meet the spirit of socialist realism.

An Italian painter, graphic artist, art theorist and critic. One of the first and most influential Futurists in the country. Gino Severini worked for a long time in the style of cubism, maintaining relations with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris.Under the influence of his teacher Giacomo Balla, the artist learned ways of expressing movement and speed in painting, which led him to Futurism. Together with several associates, he signed the first Futurism Manifesto in 1910.The artist’s works are distinguished by dynamism, mobility and swiftness. At the same time, an amazing balance of composition characteristic of Cubists defines Severini’s work. This feature allows you to partially resolve the contradictions between Futurism and Cubism, to combine their attempts to create what is impossible: to depict an object at the same time from several points of time, viewing angles and positions in space. In his work, the artist came to this goal as close as possible, managing to depict a really moving, sounding and lively picture. The artist is considered an unsurpassed master in depicting the bustling nightlife of the city.

A Ukrainian artist and poet, publisher, critic, who worked in Russia, Japan and America. One of the founders of the Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde traditionally referred to as the "father of Russian Futurism".He was an initiator of revolutionary ideas, which united many famous people (Lentulov and Exter, Bogomazov and Palmov, poets Mayakovsky and Kamensky, Kruchyonykh and Khlebnikov, Aseev and Guro), as well as the creator of the group "Gilea" - the first literary and artistic union of the Futurists. He was a member and organizer of innovative groups “Stefanos Wreath”, “Jack of Diamonds”, a member of the Moscow Youth Union and the Munich Blue Horseman.The master was the first in Bashkortostan to create images of the indigenous population, the first to transfer avant-garde to the land of Japan.The artist’s museum was created in Brooklyn (New York, the USA); the American International Zaumi Academy annually presents the prize “International Mark of D. Burliuk".

An Uzbek artist of Russian origin, one of the main founders of contemporary art in Central Asia, the organizer of several art associations of Uzbekistan, his motherland, where he worked fruitfully. The phenomenon of the Russian and Asian master lies in the fact that his best works are important not only for the formation of the Turkestan and Uzbek painting school but also for the history of art in general.The artist's legacy took a special place in the overall development of Central Asian art of the 20th century since it had its origins in the art of the East and the West. Volkov actively used traditional national motifs of arts and crafts and achieved monumentalism in creating images of ordinary workers, not losing touch with the cubist painting manner.Despite getting the title of People’s Artist in 1946, Alexander Volkov was accused of formalism in the same year; he was forbidden from exhibiting his paintings and teaching at the Tashkent Art College, where he had worked for almost 20 years.

A Belgian painter and draftsman, lithographer and illustrator.Frits van den Berghe was one of the most interesting Expressionist artists of the first half of the twentieth century and a prominent Surrealist. Starting his career under the influence of Symbolist artists and Lumists grouped in Laethem-Saint-Martin, he wrote a manifesto together with his friend, artist Gustave De Smet, who opposed Impressionism. As a member of the second wave of Laethem-Saint-Martin school, Berghe followed the latest trends in the visual arts of his country.The time of the First World War, a period of existential doubts when the artist lived in the Netherlands, was marked by his fascination with Cubist painting by French artist Henri Le Focognier, as well as an interest in Futurism and German Expressionism.At the end of the 1920s, having visited an exhibition, where, in particular, paintings of Ernst and Miro were exhibited, the artist moved away from other styles and devoted his art to attempts to overcome the barriers between real and irrational phenomena, life and death. Berge revealed his new surrealistic concept, in particular, in a theme that was original for this style - floral still lifes.Although Berghe's paintings often resemble works of Ernst and Ensor; his creations are the original Flemish version of Surrealism, with its great picturesqueness and expression. Berghe's works (the list of works, compiled in 1966, consists of 430 items) are presented in most Belgian museums and galleries in Europe.

A Ukrainian artist, major representative and one of the leading theorists of the Ukrainian art avant-garde of the early 20th century. Alexander Bogomazov is usually accompanied by the epithet “Ukrainian Picasso”, but he interpreted his work as cubofuturism in the article “Painting and Elements”, paying much attention to the rhythmic component of the work.Art critics characterize the world-class master as the most consistent of Cubo-Futurists, who most harmoniously combined the ideas of Italian Futurism with the stylistics of French Cubism and Orphism in his paintings. Moreover, it was he who theoretically substantiated the synthesis of these art movements. Bogomazov was a prominent cultural activist who reformed the country's system of art education. As a talented teacher, he taught for many years at various art schools, at the Institute of Plastic Arts (renamed in 1924 as the Kyiv Art Institute).The name of Alexander Bogomazov was removed from the history of art for more than 30 years due to the intensified struggle against formalism. People’s attention to his “arrested” paintings resumed only in the 1960s. The canvases of the outstanding avant-garde artist are exhibited at European and American galleries and museums.

A Romanian painter and sculptor of Jewish origin, the main representative of the vanguard of this country in the first half of the 20th century and during the post-war period. The artist made a significant part of his creative career in France. Although Victor Brauner, after his early post-impressionist and expressionist experiences, contributed to every avant-garde movement, much of his work fits into the concept of Surrealism.Active in the cultural life of his country, the artist tried to develop avant-garde movements - he founded the magazine “75 HP” in Bucharest, wrote the “Manifesto of Picto-Poetry,” and organized exhibitions of Dadaists and Surrealists. However, the threat of falling into the dungeons of the Nazis forced the artist to settle in France.Brauner was an active and influential member of the Surrealist association headed by Andre Breton; however, according to art expert, his art stood apart due to the artist’s unbridled imagination and, most importantly, his serious passion for esoteric ideas and the authentic art of different nationalities. This style made the artist original, especially after he lost his eye – the same one, which he depicted as knocked out in his self-portrait seven years before it happened in real.Victor Brauner was a participant in major surrealist exhibitions; in 1966 (in the year of his death), he was chosen to represent France at the Venice Biennale. He willed to make the inscription, "Painting is life, real life, my life" on the grave plate of the Montmartre cemetery.

An innovative Czech artist, photographer, graphic artist and theater decorator, poet and art theorist, the brightest figure of European Surrealism of the 20th century. Jindrich Styrsky is also considered a representative of the Paris school of painting, since he lived and worked in France for a considerable time.The student of the Prague Academy of Arts was a part of Czech artistic bohemia and national avant-garde associations during its development between the two world wars - first in the Devestil group, then in the Manes group, and later in the surrealist community, one of the founders of which J. Styrsky became in 1934. In addition, the artist stood at the origins of the emergence of avant-garde photographic art and new scenography in Prague - he ran the Free Theater of the Czech capital.In the 1930s, Styrsky was the editor of the private magazine “The Erotic Revue” with illustrations from many famous Czech artists. The artist supplemented each issue with his collages. Among the most important surrealistic works is “Emily Comes to Me in a Dream”, which was published accompanied by erotic photomontages by the author and psychoanalytic interpretation of B. Brook. It greatly accelerated the overcoming of taboos and censorship of the bourgeois culture of that time.Jindrich Styrsky is a very peculiar, and, therefore, is not just a readable artist of Czech interwar art. His works are approved by modern European avant-garde classics and are presented in the most visited museums and galleries of the Czech Republic.

A Russian painter, sculptor, graphic artist and stage designer of Jewish origin, who combined the features of Russian Art Nouveau and avant-garde in his original work. One of the most famous and prominent Yiddish theater artists. Almost one decade spent in France did not make him a member of the Paris School of Art; accused of formalism, Robert Falk rarely exhibited his paintings in his motherland for the last twenty years of his creative career. However, he continued to create easel paintings “for himself”. He showed his works privately as a representative of unofficial art, the inspirer of which he became when he was young. He supported many young artists who visited his workshop.

An outstanding Hungarian painter and graphic artist, publicist and art theorist. Janos Kmetti was the first Cubist in his country and an influential teacher that educated a whole generation of young artists. Studying at the world-famous Julian Academy in Paris, he adopted the most advanced artistic traditions of Europe and enriched the art of Hungary with new avant-garde movements and painting methods. The career of the artist is tightly connected with the literary and artistic association Tett (Action), headed by Lajos Kassák. Together with a few associates, he was one of the founders of the New Society of Artists and its vice chairman in 1924. Kmetty also took an active part in the life of the art colony of Nagybánya and Szentendre and showed his works at collective exhibitions of Hungarian avant-garde artists both at home and abroad. In 1949, the artist was awarded the National Kossuth Prize - the honorary state award of Hungary; his autobiographical and theoretical works are important sources of information for art historians.

A Ukrainian artist of Jewish origin, who lived and worked in Russia for a long time. He was a portrait master, graphic illustrator, sculptor and theatre artist. The prominent avant-garde artist was a founding member of Russian cubism, a member of such significant creative groups as The World of Art and The Union of Youth, one of the founders of the Jewish Society for the Promotion of Arts. He was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia in 1968.

A German representative of avant-garde, a prominent artist, sculptor, master of monumental painting, as well as a choreographer, theater designer and art theorist. For about 10 years he worked at the famous Bauhaus school of art and industry (Bauhaus, Weimar), developing the training course “Der Mensch” (Man), which was based on the synthesis of the techniques of several artistic disciplines and different styles. Oscar Schlemmer made a significant contribution to the art of scenography, creating design and choreography for several operas and ballets. The artist’s paintings were included in the list of “degenerative”; he was forbidden to paint and work as a teacher at art schools.

An English landscape painter (marina genre) and graphic artist Philip Wilson Steer was one of the leaders of English Impressionists and one of the founders of the New English Club of Artists (1886), which opposed the methods of the official Royal Academy of Art. Apart from working in the genre of marina, the main landscape genre, he created propaganda drawings and canvases during the First World War, when he worked at the British Ministry of Information. The artist was awarded the honorary title of the Knight of the British Order of Merit.

The American painter and graphic artist of Jewish origin and was born in Belarus. He created his works in various styles, such as realism (mystical and social), purism, cubism and surrealism.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, master of scenography, teacher, member of the art associations of the symbolists "Blue Rose", "Wreath", the group "Makovets". He was a member of the Union of Russian Artists. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, book illustrator and film artist. Mikhail Tsybasov was among the followers of Pavel Filonov, who formed the core of the group “Masters of Analytical Art” and remained faithful to his teacher until the end, despite the persecution that he was subjected to by the Soviet government.In his work, the artist strictly followed the basic principles of the system of analytical art. Hardworking and purposeful Tsybasov did everything masterfully. His hard work and professionalism allowed him to master the “principle of accomplishment”, which was fundamental for representatives of analytical art.Mikhail Tsybasov actively participated in the collective work of Filonov’s students on the design of costumes and sets for the production of “The Inspector General”, thanks to which the group’s work became widely known. In 1931, he became one of the most prominent developers of illustrations of the Finnish ethnic epic “Kalevala”, investing a lot of strength and energy in this publication. Eight large illustrations for the poem became one of the best graphic works of the artist and in many respects formed his graphic style, determining the theme and manner of his subsequent work.In the last years of his life, the artist focused mainly on portraits, where he fully expressed his bright and positive attitude towards people and life.

A Russian painter and graphic artist, one of the first students of Pavel Filonov and a talented follower of the method of analytical art. Pavel Kondratiev was a member of a circle of young artists, musicians and writers who collaborated with Isaiah Braudo, Maria Yudina, and Tatyana Glebova. He was a close friend of Alice Poret and for some time lived in her house, where a creative atmosphere reigned and meetings of people of art took place. The artist also became a regular character of several verses of famous poet Daniil Kharms and maintained friendly relations with him.The artist was famous not only for his numerous paintings and graphic works but also as an art theorist and a talented teacher. In the post-war period, a kind of “Kondratyev's circle” supporting his creative ideas formed around him. The painter collaborated with Vladimir Sterligov and together with him used the so-called "surplus element" in painting - a curved line that formed the basis of the famous "cup-dome" system.Kondratiev’s work is a kind of synthesis of several areas of the Russian avant-garde. He possessed a special talent to feel the pulse of his era and to combine seemingly incompatible styles and trends in his works. The works of Pavel Kondratiev are a unique fusion of scientific theories and the deep spirituality inherent in the real Artist.

A Russian painter and graphic artist of German-Jewish origin, master of the monumental genre (in particular, the mosaic), film artist, art theorist, talented art history teacher, poet and writer.Pavel Zaltsman can be hardly called a consistent successor of the ideas of analytical art, but as a student of P.N. Filonov he brought his ideas to the artistic environment of Kazakhstan, where he lived for more than 40 years and became an Honored Artist (1962).According to specialists, Zaltsman was a paradoxical figure: having no formal art education, he became one of the most profound and virtuosic masters of the 20th century. Repeatedly standing on the verge of death, he almost miraculously survived and again turned to creative activity. Not being an illustrator, but possessing a “literary” type of thinking, he left a legacy that is considered impeccable material for illustration.The phenomenon lies in the family education, inherited talents, and in communication with P. Filonov from the age of 17, who not only instilled taste in him and taught him to paint, but also taught to always be faithful to his vocation.Steadfastly enduring the difficulties of survival in conditions of extreme poverty, hunger, besieged life, lack of housing, chronic lack of money, despite the certain recognition in the 1970s, the artist remained a thinker and philosopher.Zaltsman's works are in the collections of the Russian Museum, his graphics are presented in the permanent exhibition of the Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, the State Museum of Art of Kazakhstan, in many private collections.

A Russian artist and graphic artist, discoverer of new paths in the visual arts of the 20th century. He is considered the founder of mystical surrealism nine years earlier than paintings by Salvador Dali became known and the inventor of new anatomical (X-ray) painting, "new rayonism".Art critics note that Tchelitchew, who was a student of A. Exter in Kyiv and went to France early, influenced Picasso, including his «blue» and «pink» periods. Clowns, artists, and sometimes famous personalities look at the viewer from the canvases of that time. However, the artist did not create Cubist paintings after his earliest period. The Paris period includes his painting «Concert» that was sold at Christie’s auction in 2016 for almost $ 2 million and the price of which was much higher than the price of Dali's paintings exhibited there at the same time.By the 1950s, Tchelitchew's surrealism was somewhat overcome by Abstract Expressionism that entered the avant-garde art market. Nevertheless, even the artist’s last series of geometric abstractions have a mystical intensity that anticipates the psychedelic idealism of the 1960s. The “internal landscapes” of the master are recalled in the aesthetics of op-art.The talented and unique painter was appreciated by his famous contemporaries in Europe and the USA; it is hard to underestimate his influence on the development of art. At the same time, the artist's name was almost unknown in his motherland by the beginning of the 21st century. The Moscow gallery «Our Artists» organized his first solo exhibition in 2006; five years later, it presented more than 70 of his paintings and repeated his vernissage called «Tchelitchew. Encore Exhibition" in 2013.

A Swiss avant-garde artist, graphic designer and lithographer, master of book illustration and monumental painting, as well as a writer.Otto Tschumi organically perceived the canons of surrealistic manifestos requiring mental independence, as this was very consonant with his creative independence.The artist participated in numerous group exhibitions of this movement, including in America, but did not join any of the surrealist associations. Having developed his style, he perfected and modified it until the end of his long creative career of more than 60 years.His most significant work in book illustration was the drawings for Herman Melville's novel “Moby Dick” (the edition of 1942, Paris). As a sought-after monumentalist, Otto Tschumi painted several public buildings in Bern and other cities in Switzerland in the post-war period. The largest was the fresco for the office of Berne Customs (1955). As a writer, he received a state prize for the promotion of Berne literature in 1970.A museum was opened in the house of Otto and Beatrice Tschumi, where, in particular, the correspondence with Hans and Sophie Arp, Hermann Hesse, Max Bill, Meret Oppenheim, valuable for the history of European avant-garde art, is stored. The artist’s paintings are presented at all museums and art galleries in his country.The Surrealist artist, along with Alberto Giacometti, Serge Brignoni and Max Seligman, is considered one of the most important Surrealists of Europe that considerably influenced the fine art of their country in XX century.

An outstanding Latvian artist - painter and graphic artist, master of book illustration.After graduating from the graphic and painting department of the Latvian Academy of Arts, Maya Tabaka as an aspiring Soviet artist had a rare opportunity to have a two-year internship in West Germany. The time she spent among the artists of the Berlin New Fine Arts association allowed Tabaka's extraordinary talent to feel the "wind under the wings". German art experts continue to call the artist "a bird of paradise" till this day – the impression she made with spectacular plots and brilliant painting was great. German galleries hold portraits of Maija Tabaka by Dieter Masuhr and Wolf Vostell. The latter is often reproduced - this is a close-up of a face with spots of paint on it and a camera instead of a nose.The artist was also famous in her motherland – she became a member of the Union of Artists and People's Artist of the USSR, was awarded prizes and awards (medal "Three Stars", etc.), as well as the title of Honorary Citizen of Jurmala. Documentary films about the famous artist were also made. Paintings of Maija Tabaka are not only at the major museums, galleries and private collections of Latvia, but also at the State Tretyakov Gallery and in several collections of Germany. The artist keeps on participating in collective exhibitions. Her personal and retrospective exhibitions took place in many cities throughout Europe and in dozens of cities in America, enjoying success over more than half a century of her creative career.

A Czech artist, a painter, lithographer, graphic artist, book illustration master. Maria Cherminova, the brightest and most significant representative of poeticism and surrealism in the Czech Republic, took the pseudonym Toyen at an early age. Its origins can be interpreted as from the French “Citoyen” - a citizen, and from the Czech phrase, meaning, “this is he”. In both cases, the new name did not give her gender identity. Maria, who tried to break down stereotypes, became a cult figure both in the Czech Republic and in Paris, where she was supported, in particular, by Andre Breton, a leading figure of Surrealism.Toyen was an original and self-sufficient creator. She perceived Surrealism as a driving force of imagination, as well as of the social and political progress. The artist became one of the organisers of the Surrealistic community in Prague. Many of her paintings from the second half of the 1930s also had strong political and anti-war meaning.Hostile to bourgeois conformism, Toyen challenged values ​​based on totalitarianism. The artist left Prague after the Nazi occupation considering the communist regime imposed on the country unacceptable for the creator.In Paris, she participated in the activities of the surrealist group of A. Breton. Although the life and work of Toyen made a great contribution to the development of feminist art, she herself never entered into discussions, did not speak openly about feminism or about her sexual orientation. Nevertheless, experts consider her a pioneer of free female art.

A Ukrainian self-taught artist, graphic artist, master of decorative painting. Basing on folk traditions, Hanna Sobachko-Shostak introduced modern sound and elements of fantasy into them. The artist became a Master of Folk Art (in 1936) and a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR in 1939. Her works were highly appreciated abroad, in particular, by Henri Matisse.

An eminent English artist and sculptor, a connoisseur and collector of works of art, a teacher and publicist. Roland Penrose was one of the key figures of British Surrealism, and also a founder of the Institute of Contemporary Art in London, which was the center of the country's avant-garde culture. For a long time, the artist was a curator at the famous Tate Gallery and did a lot to acquaint compatriots with advanced art movements of Europe.The work of the British artist is mostly collages or paintings made in the collage style. In his works, the artist often used tourist postcards depicting famous places or architectural monuments, connecting them in various combinations, and creating his own original vision of world famous objects. The unexpected combination of incompatible things is the main idea of Penrose's art, which is reflected both in his canvases and in sculpture.The name of Roland Penrose is often mentioned in connection with his book "Picasso: Life and Work", which is one of the most reliable sources of information about the great artist, with whom the author had been friends for many years. Apart from this work, Penrose also issued monographs about his contemporaries, including Joan Miro, Antoni Tapies and Man Ray.

A painter, graphic artist, illustrator, theater designer and the creator of the school of primitive art in the village of Hlebine. Together with his associates, Krsto Hegedusic founded an independent artistic group called Earth in 1929. This group fought for social justice and equality in society, for which it was persecuted by the state. The artist often visited the village of Hlebine, where he spent his childhood; in 1930, he began to teach painting to talented local peasants Ivan Generalich and Franjo Mraz. This was the beginning of the famous Hlebine school of naive art, which glorified the work of Croatian primitive artists around the whole world.

A Swiss artist of Jewish descent, graphic artist and writer, as well as set designer and engraver, who lived and worked in the USA for a long time. Kurt Seligman is famous for his fantastic images of medieval troubadours and knights who carried out bright and sometimes terrible rituals and partly inspired the theme of carnivals held annually in his native Swiss Basel. The masterpiece of surrealistic engraving is a series of six etchings illustrating the Greek myth of Oedipus, published in 1944 and reprinted many times. His considerable work is also his book “The history of magic and occultism” (initially “Mirror Magic”, New York, 1948).

Mansiysk and the first Nenets artist. He is considered the creator of the "northern art". He became known thanks to his friend and biographer G. Gore. He is famous as a very sincere, gentle, naive artist, subtle colorist. During his short creative biography - only seven years, including four years of his student life at workshops specially created for folk amateur artists.

A Czech artist, graphic illustrator, stage designer and writer. Jan Zrzavy was one of the leading representatives of the 20th-century national art avant-garde, one of the founders of the creative association of artists “Sursum”, a member of the Czech Artists Association “Manes” and the Union of Graphic Artists “Gollar”. In 1937, the Nazis declared the master’s works “degenerative art”. In 1965, he was awarded the title People's Artist of Czechoslovakia. In the gallery of Jan Zrzavy in Telci, works that he bequeathed to his people are exhibited.

An Austrian artist and draughtsman of Jewish descent, engraver and sculptor, architect and stage designer, master of monumental painting and book illustration, as well as a composer and poet. Ernst Fuchs was one of the founders of the famous Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, the creator and active implementer of the Vienna Art Club and the organization “Hundsgruppe”.The artist became world famous working in France, Germany, the USA, Israel and Spain. In 1993, Ernst Fuchs was one of the first Western artists to be honored to hold a large retrospective exhibition at The State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg; later his exhibition was held at The State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. The master who opened his exhibitions noticed, “One of the highest manifestations of art is Old Russian painting.”The artist, whose paintings impressed his friend Salvador Dali, purchased and restored the Villa of Otto Wagner in Hutteldorf, where he organized The Museum of Ernst Fuchs in 1988. It is currently one of the largest cultural centers of Austria and represents the largest collection of the paintings of the master whose nickname was Fire-Fox.The painting of Ernst Fuchs is hoax and dissonance, challenge to society (especially in the nude genre), but at the same time a continuous and creative dialogue with old masters. Incredibly famous and productive Austrian master created works in absolutely different art genres – from incredibly skillful paintings and architecture to literature and music.

A Czech painter, graphic artist, illustrator, who became one of the most striking, original and significant representatives of early European Surrealism, and later, in the period after the Second World War, was a master of abstract landscape painting.Josef Sima is equally referred to the Paris School of Surrealism, since he worked in France long time (around 50 years). At the same time, the artist always kept in touch with the Czech artistic community and was a member of art groups in his homeland.After receiving a special and versatile education at the Prague High Technical School and the Academy of Fine Arts of the Czech capital, J.Sima became one of the founders of the Czech art group «Devestil»; after moving to Paris he participated in the activity of the Surrealist group «Grand Jeu» and became a co-founder and designer of a magazine with the same name.The artist entered the history of the fine art as a talented illustrator of frequently reprinted collections of Czech and French poets, whom he kept in touch with.Josef Sima became an important figure in modern European art, was awarded the title of the Officer of the Legion of Honor. The largest collection of his paintings is at the Paris Georges Pompidou Center and at the gallery of the Szech city of Brno. The artist's works are highly valued at art auctions in Europe.

One of the largest Russian Symbolist artists, a painter and graphic artist. He created paintings in the genres of landscape, portrait, and subject scenes. He belonged to the Saratov school of painting, participated in the exhibitions "Scarlet Rose" and "Blue Rose", was a member of the Moscow Association of Artists and the Union of Russian Artists, and the French Society of Fine Arts. The Museum-Estate of V. Borisov-Musatov is a branch of the Art Museum named after A.N. Radishchev.

A Spanish surrealist artist and sculptor, whom art experts refer to very significant and undeservedly little-known painters of the 20th century. A fellow student of Salvador Dali, a member of the art group Logicophobiste (Barcelona) had a unique style - certainly her own view on the moral aspects and mechanics of life. Her works are full of subtle wit and mystery; the theme of her paintings is motivated by the studies of antiquity and literary sources, as well as by physics and mathematics, engineering and biology in combination with psychoanalysis.Fleeing from the Franco regime, feminist and anarchist Varo, who had republican contacts, moved to Paris, but during the times of the Second World War immigrated to Mexico. The artist’s unique style combines fragments of the subconscious, mystical principle and a deep understanding of the human soul. It takes its roots in the atmosphere of the Middle Ages, the art of Jheronimus Bosch, scientific theories and esoteric literature. Varo created her main works in the second half of her life, and gained worldwide fame after her death.The artist’s paintings are allegorical and filled with deep meaning. They make the viewer think about the nature of the Universe and the secrets of existence hidden in simple things. The incredible world of Remedios Varo attracts you with its lyricism, emphasized femininity, and paradoxes of reality, which the artist tirelessly created in each of her paintings.The magic and mysticism of the works of Remedios Varo have much in common with the works of her close friend, Leonora Carrington, who, like Varo, emigrated from Europe that suffered from wars to relatively calm Mexico. Together, the women organized a circle of Surrealists, whose work also contained the influence of local culture, in particular the “muralism”, which was a mixture of avant-garde movements with the art of South American Indians.

An Austrian Surrealist painter, art theorist, sculptor and poet, author of several philosophical works, who worked in Mexico and the USA.Wolfgang Paalen came from a wealthy German-Austrian family; his childhood passed in an old castle, purchased and restored by his father. The atmosphere of the Middle Ages reigned there; ancient legends and legends of local people significantly impacted the formation of the personality of the future artist.Paalen was a member of the group of abstract artists "Abstraction-Creation", and later became one of the prominent figures of the surrealist movement, acting as an organizer and designer of their exhibitions, both in Europe and in the USA. At the invitation of Frida Kahlo, he moved to Mexico, where he founded his surreal art magazine DYN, which had a great influence on the avant-garde art of the country.In his work, Wolfgang Paalen sought to combine abstract art with an appeal to the subconscious and symbolic elements. He developed his model of surrealistic expression, presented in the form of a mysterious, otherworldly landscape permeated with mysticism and saturated with mysterious images of cosmic origin.Abstract paintings of the artist and his theoretical articles had a great influence on the development of Abstract Expressionism, which became the major art movement in the USA in the second half of the XXth century.

Zdzisław Beksiński was a Polish artist, master of art photography and computer graphics. Z. Bekshinsky was a vivid representative of late Surrealism, who initially created sculptures and wire installations. Having concentrated on painting, the artist first worked in the style of abstraction, but then quickly turned to fantastic Surrealism. This style includes his most famous works, the subjects of which are scenes of death, decay and post-apocalyptic horror.From the 1970s, the artist developed a specific manner of transmitting surrealistic horror paintings with a repeated addiction to the image of distorted bodies without faces or limbs, many-legged and many-armed monsters, often wrapped in rotten rags. If the artist painted architecture or interior, those were ruins shrouded in gloomy fog, houses covered with cobwebs, tourniquets and gravestones. Thus, most of Bekshinsky’s works are difficult to confuse with the work of other Surrealists. The artist never gave names to his impressive nightmares, giving the viewers an opportunity to reach the essence of the work themselves.After the Warsaw exhibition of 1964, when all canvases of the painter were sold out, almost all the opening days of Zdzislaw were a huge success in his homeland. In the early 1980s, the works of the Polish original master became known in France, and then he became incredibly popular in Western Europe, Japan and the USA.Bekshinsky bequeathed his paintings to the Historical Museum of the city of Sanok, where he was born. This museum now has the largest collection of works by the artist - several thousand paintings, sculptures, reliefs, drawings, graphics, and photographs.

A Russian artist, theater decorator, illustrator and graphic artist. A student of Pavel Filonov and a follower of analytical art in painting, Tatyana Glebova was a member of the "Workshop of Analytical Art" and a regular participant in the group's collective exhibitions. Despite the great authority of her teacher, the artist managed to develop her bright painting style, sincere and original, filled with deep images that take their roots in religious teaching and folk life.The noble origin of the artist left an imprint on her worldview and work. This became the reason that the art of Glebova was away from the official paths of Soviet painting, and the artist’s paintings were rarely presented at major exhibitions.Together with her husband and like-minded person Vladimir Sterlingov, Glebova became the author of new principles of painting, called the "bowl-domed space system". According to this theory, heaven and earth are a kind of construction; they interpenetrate and complement each other, creating a single harmony of the universe. This new philosophical opinion about painting attracted many followers. The artists got students; lessons and exhibitions of contemporary artists were held at the joint workshop of the “Old Peterhof School”.

A Russian artist, designer and painter, fashion designer and polygraphist, a bright representative of the Moscow avant-garde, in particular, Constructivism, poet, the wife and associate of Alexander Rodchenko. She exhibited and published her paintings under the pseudonym Warst. One of the five main “Amazons of the Russian avant-garde” actively created a new world through art.Being not only an artist but also a futurist poet, Varvara Stepanova drew inspiration for her first paintings in literature, and published her poems in handwritten versions, decorated with her own collages and drawings in different modern styles. Thus, she became a creator of a new creative genre known as "visual poetry".Joining the constructivist movement, Stepanova did not give up figurative easel painting and, as a result, occupied a special very individual niche in this art movement. Varvara Fedorovna became the most famous, having created one and a half hundred drawings for fabrics, as well as special models called “overalls”. In the avant-garde magazine New LEF, she published an article, the content of which expressed her conviction that costumes and dresses should be not decorative but comfortable and functional.Also, Stepanova worked as a stage designer, offering the Meyerhold Theater a completely new functional approach to stage decorations and costumes for actors. In the production of the play by A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin, «The Death of Tarelkin», Stepanova was a “designer”, and S. Eisenstein was a laboratory assistant (that was written on the poster). Later, Stepanova applied her design experience working in the field of book and magazine prototyping, designed dozens of photo albums.The works of Stepanova are in many leading museums of the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid. The largest collection of paintings by the artist is stored at the Personal collection department of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts.

A Russian self-taught artist, painter and graphic artist. One of the most famous representatives of the naive art working in Moscow. Medvedeva's paintings have been valued for 40 years; they are actively presented at exhibitions; they are the subject of collecting, and are successfully sold all over the world. The works of the amateur author are in the Tsaritsyno State Museum-Preserve and in the State House of Folk Art (Moscow), in the Kolodzei Art Foundation (Highland Park, USA), dozens of modern art galleries and dozens of private collections in Russia and Germany, France and the USA, Japan, etc. According to the version of the Union of Artists of Russia, the artistic rating of E.I. Medvedeva allows her to be nominated for the Internet project "10,000 of the best artists in the world of 18-21 centuries".

A Georgian artist, graphic artist and master of scenography, as well as an art historian, inventor and teacher. David Kakabadze was an innovator not only in the field of fine arts but also in cinematography, who patented a film apparatus for volumetric shooting. His work is characterized by love for various European modern trends and by both a commitment to national themes and traditions and a distinctive interpretation of avant-garde art movements of the 20th century. The painter left a rich artistic legacy. The largest collection of his paintings belongs to the national museums and galleries of Georgia.

A French artist, a painter and graphic artist, master of book illustration, theater and cinema set designer. The art of Leonor Fini left a significant mark in the culture of France. She participated in all major exhibitions of representatives of the avant-garde art movements, along with Ernst, Dali, Picasso, Brauner and others, painted portraits of her famous contemporaries. L. Fini is often called Dali’s feminine side; the Spanish genius of Surrealism himself highly appreciated the artist’s paintings. Not joining any groups, Leonor adhered to feminist principles, was an example of what an independent woman can achieve. Nine documentaries were filmed about her and her paintings; one of them, “The Cruel Legend”, was created in 1951. Fashion designers, such as Coco Chanel, specially designed clothes for her. Many poets and writers devoted their paintings to the works of Leonor and to Leonor herself; among them, there were Paul Eluard, Jean Cocteau, Alberto Moravia, Pablo Neruda. The artist illustrated over 50 books - Shakespeare, Baudelaire, Nerval, and others. The most famous are her works on the erotic novel by Dominic Ory (Pauline Reazh) “History O”. She also created costumes and entourage for the films of Fellini and Castellani, and became the author of the bottle of the popular perfume “Shocking”. Fini’s friend and painter Max Ernst characterized the creative manner and personality of Leonor Fini most succinctly and precisely, though very briefly, “Italian aggressiveness and scandalous elegance, fantasy and passion”. This characteristic is complemented by a phrase from the monograph by Jean Cocteau, “In her unrealistic realism, Fini summarizes her entire last period, more real than the reality itself, which is its sign.” The artist occasionally rejected the title of surrealist that stuck to her, however everyone kept on thinking her so till her death. Perhaps, that is why Fini often changed her style, worked in various techniques, and appeared in the media, disowning the name “surrealism” regarding her art. At the same time, the fame of the artist became wider; her works were exhibited at major galleries and museums around the world.

A French surrealist – painter, graphic artist, a master of art illustration and theatre design, a director and author of scripts and other literary works. Felix Labisse, who was born in France, worked with James Ensor in Belgium at the beginning.After moving to Paris in 1927, the 22-year-old artist immediately became close to the elite of French culture, including representatives of the theater and literature. His friends Paul Eluard, Philippe Soupault, Robert Desnos, Jacques Prévert and Jean-Louis Barrault wrote poems, articles, essays and monographs about the artist.From the beginning of 1940s, the artist became one of the largest figures of the new French art and devoted much creative power to not only painting, but also illustrations (his largest projects are 30 paintings to the “Natural History” and design for the book of Baudelaire’s poems) and set design. The master created costumes and scenery for 60 plays; in particular, he was the one who created decorations for the “Process” by Kafka, which was staged by great French director Jean-Louis Barrot.The works of Felix Labisse are exhibited not only at the main museums of France, but also at galleries of Belgium and at the P. Guggenheim Museum in New York, the USA. However, most of the works are in private collections and are popular at international art auctions.

A French painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Eugene Carriere is famous as an outstanding teacher, who founded his own art academy and who was a teacher of such great masters as Andre Derain, Jean Puy and Henri Matisse. In 1890, together with Rodin and Puvis de Chavannes, Carriere founds the National Society of Fine Arts; in 1904, he becomes the first president of the newly opened Autumn Salon. On his initiative, the Salon of New Art opens; artists of completely new Art Nouveau style are exhibited there. The work of E. Carriere had a significant influence on Symbolist artists and opened ways for the formation of Fauvism.

A Norwegian painter and graphic artist, famous for his exquisite symbolism style landscapes. Harald Sohlberg devoted his life to depicting his native land, its nature and cities. The most famous are his views of the small town of Røros and the mountain landscapes of Rondane. Despite the fact that the artist was not a member of any creative associations and kept himself apart from the artistic elite of Norway, he was known and was in demand during his heyday; several of his works became covers for books of famous writers. Lyrical and somewhat mysterious canvases of the Norwegian painter are very popular all over the world. Art lovers call the works of Sohlberg “Landscapes for the Soul”.

A Belgian artist, illustrator and graphic artist, a brilliant representative of the symbolism of the end of the XIXth century.Felicien Rops stands out for the eccentricity and frankness of his paintings, which shock ordinary people and are appreciated by such famous people as Alfred de Musset, Theophile Gautier and Stephane Mallarme. Felicien Rops became famous primarily for his graphics, which makes up a large part of his artistic heritage, as well as illustrations for the Flowers of Evil by S. Baudelaire. It was said about the artist that he was “born with a pencil in his hand”, so strong was Felicien Rops' desire to capture the world around him and express his attitude towards it.In the artist's hometown, in the building that is an architectural monument of the 18th century, a museum of the Belgian Symbolist artist, the collection of which contains about 1000 works of Rops, was opened.

A Belgian Symbolist painter, graphic artist, a vivid representative of the avant-garde art of Belgium.The parents of the future master kept a souvenir shop. Therefore, the artist's childhood passed among various ancient items, masks and statuettes. This left a big imprint on his work.He is known for his satirical canvases depicting the shortcomings of the society and human vices. The creation of the society of artists "Les XX", in which he was directly involved, contributed to the formation of many young talents. The outstanding artist was elevated to the rank of a national hero and was awarded the baronial title in his motherland. James Ensor is the most famous national painter of Belgium of the beginning of the twentieth century, who gained worldwide recognition.

A Ukrainian painter and book graphics master, art historian and poet.As a cultural figure, he headed the Kiev branch of the Association of Artists of Ukraine, was a member of the board of the All-Ukrainian Department of Arts, a member of the council of the Kiev Art Academy and headed the N. Leontovich Memorial Committee. As a teacher, he taught a course at the Kiev Dragomanov Higher Institute of Public Education and at the Ceramics Institute (Mirgorod). As a prominent art historian, he wrote deeply informative articles, reviews and monographs (“T. Shevchenko”, “Ceramics in Ukraine”, etc.), published books “A Ukrainian song in Moscow popular print”, “Pottery ceramics in Ukraine” (published in Vienna).He was arrested on March 27, 1934 in Kiev as “for preparing an armed uprising” and was sentenced to exile in the Arkhangelsk region. There he died a year later and was buried at the Makarikha cemetery (the grave was not preserved). Was rehabilitated in 1989.

A French symbolist painter, original graphic artist and decorator, a representative of the creative group Nabis (from Hebrew “chosen”, “prophets”; this name was offered by poet Henri Cazalis). Being a contemporary of many great talents and even geniuses of painting and graphics, Roussel managed to create and preserve his own style throughout his long creative life and create his own separate artistic world with large series of paintings devoted to one subject, in particular, to the ancient.

A French Symbolist painter, sculptor and graphic artist, a member of the Nabi group. As a landscape painter, the author of plot paintings and a sculptor, Lacombe explored Symbolist themes and interpreted them in his own way. Paintings and sculptures by Georges Lacombe are included in the collections of many museums around the world.

A French painter and graphic artist, one of the founders of Symbolism in painting. Odilon Redon participated in the creation of the Society of Independent, was a renowned art critic and left personal diaries that are of great interest for the history of fine art. His talent can be mostly seen in his graphic works, although he often painted with oil, depicting mystical scenes and vague images with a deep symbolic and allegorical meaning.

Synopsis:A Russian painter and graphic artist, who officially called himself an artist-researcher. He was one of the famous leaders of the avant-garde in his country, a theorist and founder, as well as a practitioner and teacher of "analytical art", a unique reforming movement that had a significant impact on the artistic mindsets of many creators of the first half of the 20th century.Filonov brought elements of scientific knowledge into the vanguard movement and was engaged in combining different ways of knowing the world, relying on intuition. In fact, the artist, who had phenomenal abilities in abstracted thinking, developed a symbolic understanding of painting, the aim of which was to depict not only the object but also thoughts about it and the way of its transmission, that is, added self-reflection to symbolism.Filonov had many followers and imitators, but the strength of his original “accomplishment” was difficult to achieve. Filonov’s “analytical art”, which formed the symbolist branch in the Russian avant-garde, was in opposition to constructivism and suprematism and came close to the surrealistic motives of European modernism.The master’s works are popular in the art market and are constantly exhibited throughout the world. At the exhibition in the Paris center of G. Pompidou in 1990, eight works stolen from the Russian Museum were found; seven of them were returned after many years of negotiations.

An Outstanding Russian painter and theater artist, a graphic artist and art theorist, a teacher and writer. He was a member of the World of Art group, one of the co-founders of the Free Philosophical Association, a member of the Four Arts association. Participated in the Paris Salons, exhibitions "Golden Fleece", in the international "Baltic Exhibition" (Sweden), the society "Heat Color". Was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia. He devoted a lot of his efforts to the activity of a teacher, to developments in the theory of painting, and was engaged in the reorganization of the system of art education.

A Russian artist, a famous and unique master of the «mood landscape», who expressed the connection between a person's destiny, movements of their soul and the nature. In less than 25 years, we created almost 1000 paintings, many drawings and sketches. Having the title of a «free artist”, then an academician; held landscape classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

A prominent Ukrainian avant-garde painter and graphic artist, outstanding theater artist, master of book illustration. The time of studies and the first ten years of Petrytsky's creative career coincided with the end of the era of creative freedom, which did not last long after the revolution. The artist managed to absorb this freedom and work in several avant-garde styles. The work of Petrytsky was multifaceted: he worked, combining European modernism, Ukrainian and Russian cubofuturism and Moscow constructivism with the wealth of Ukrainian folk culture, as an easel painter, an artist-decorator of the theater, an illustrator and poster artist. For the artist, who turned out to be a creator of numerous portraits of the «enemies of the people» (for example, L. Kurbas and M. Semenko who were shot), it was vital to “overcome” the avant-garde artist inside himself. Having successful and already considerable experience in the theater by the mid-1930s and showing loyalty to the authorities, Petrytsky managed to make his career as a set designer and worked as an artist at the best theaters in Moscow, Kyiv and Kharkiv. His merits were marked by the highest state prizes and awards. He was an honoured art worker of Ukraine; in 1944, he became the People's Artist of the USSR. The importance of the art of Anatol Petrytsky is evidenced by international exhibitions - such as “Crossroads: the Vanguard in Ukraine” (2006, Chicago). More than 600 theatrical works by Anatol Petrytsky belong to the collections of the Museums of Theater, Music and Cinema of Kyiv and Moscow. Some preserved easel works are exhibited at the National Art Museum of Ukraine. One street in Kyiv was named in honour of the artist.

A Czech and Slovak Impressionist painter, graphic artist, landscape painter, talented teacher and writer, art critic, one of the pioneers of Czech and Slovak Impressionism, as well as Symbolism and modernism. The active civil position of the artist was reflected in his work on the creation of private painting schools, and then in the participation of the establishment of the Association of Moravian Artists.

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, who succeeded in very different spheres of creative and scientific activity, was a man of art, a unique landscape painter, illustrator, museum and restoration specialist.For many years, he worked as a trustee and director of the Tretyakov Gallery, was a director of the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In each sphere, he showed his incredible love for work.

A Swedish artist, graphic artist, talented illustrator, a brilliant representative of Scandinavian Symbolism.During his short life, Ivar Arosenius created a large number of fantastic and fabulous works inspired by folk beliefs and legends. He collaborated with several magazines, illustrated children's fairy tales and became popular especially thanks to the children's book, “The Cat's Journey”, which he wrote for his daughter Lillan. This small book, illustrated by the author, is a classical example of Swedish children's literature. In 1905, Ivar received positive reviews at the Salon of Independent in Paris, and in the fall of that year his first solo exhibition was successfully held in Stockholm; if not for his early death, Ivar Arosenius would probably become the greatest artist of his time.

A German artist and innovator, graphic artist, engraver and sculptor, co-founder of the first German Expressionist association "Die Brücke" ("Most", Dresden-Berlin).While still in high school, he became friends with future artist Karl Schmidt and, together with the like-minded students, organized the community Vulcan. This community conducted discussions on the theory of art and on the works of their favorite authors (Nietzsche, Dostoevsky, etc.)The very name of Die Brucke clearly indicated the desire of artists to create a bridge between the past and present art. However, they also declared the creation of new ways of artistic expression. Thus, borrowing something from the old masters of the German Renaissance (Durer, Grunewald, Cranach the Elder, etc.), taking something from Symbolism, Art Nouveau and especially from Fauvism, while relying on primitive art, Erich Heckel and his colleagues promoted the whole history of European (and world) fine arts to the synthesis of very different styles.The art of "Bridge" and E. Heckel revived the traditions of late German Gothics - in particular, woodcut - to a very large extent. The movement contributed to the process, which made engraving a powerful means of self-expression of many masters of the 20th century.The work of E. Heckel in 1937 was referred to "degenerative", almost 730 works were confiscated from German galleries and museums; in 1944, bombs destroyed his studio in Berlin. Works of the master are in most major museums in Germany, in galleries of the United States and other countries; a large collection of Heckel etchings (over 40) is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

An outstanding Georgian painter, a monumentalist, graphic artist, illustrator, talented teacher, professor of the Academy of Arts of Georgia. He worked in the styles of Post-impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism and Primitivism.He was born in a fairly well-to-do family of a railway employee. The boy's mother soon began to notice his great ability to draw. Parents bought Lado a bicycle, and he traveled 20 km to Mtskheta to paint ancient churches there.The painter that lived in Paris a long time and became famous in Europe and America, became the embodiment of innovative trends in painting in his country. He was the first professional artist to depart from the gloomy palette characteristic of the Georgian fine arts. He worked in different modern styles, avoiding only non-figurative styles and is considered the continuer of the ideas of great Pirosmani. Lado Gudiashvili was a member of various creative communities, was awarded high state ranks and prizes (People's Artist, Hero of Labor, etc.)The creativity of Lado Gudiashvili differs in an incredible variety of genre and technique of performance: he wrote with oil, watercolor, gouache, worked in a mixed technique, performed wall painting, created graphic works of art. In the artist's heritage, there are portraits and landscapes, historical paintings and allegorical, mythological and even political works. The nature of the canvas is either epic, or philosophical, or lyrical. Probably, therefore, the master himself refrained from assessing his style, which, nevertheless, is easily recognized, because the motives of his work, especially the early ones, are almost exclusively Georgian.In the capital of Georgia, the house-museum of Gudiashvili was opened, one of the squares of Tbilisi was named after him. The artist's paintings continue to excite the viewer and remain in demand. For example, in 2013, the Sotheby's house sold painting "Temptation" for 1.2 million dollars.

A well-known representative of Italian Art Nouveau, one of its founders in his country. After the early death of his father, he began working at a workshop for the restoration of art objects of his uncle Dario. He studied painting and decorative art at the art school of Santa Croce in Florence. Until 1895, he also attended the workshops of Amedeo Buontempo and Augusto Burchi, artists who were known in those years in Florence. Galileo Chini was a universal personality - a theatrical decorator, designer, artist and ceramist, as well as a teacher of painting at the Academy of Arts in Florence and Rome. Being an artist of a European level, he participated in major international exhibitions in London, Brussels, Ghent and St. Petersburg, several times represented his works at the Venice Biennale. Chini was got an order to decorate large public and private buildings, and in 1911 he went to Siam to decorate the throne room of King Siam in Bangkok. The artist created scenery and sketches for costumes for Puccini's operas. Together with friends, he founded the company "Arta Della ceramics", which produced extremely high-quality and popular ceramic products, which allowed the artist to win world fame in the decorative art of Art Nouveau. The paintings of Galileo Chini were popular among his contemporaries. His decorative designs had a profound influence on the style of Italian Art Nouveau.

An Austrian landscape painter and graphic artist, an outstanding representative of Austrian Symbolism. Karl Mediz was one of the leaders of the art association “Hagenbund”, which was the first society of independent artists of Austria, and afterwards a member of the Vienna Secession. For most of his life, he worked with his wife, artist Emilie Mediz-Pelikan, who was a talented graphic artist and landscape painter. During the bombing of Dresden in World War II, all the property of the artist, including paintings, was lost; his art was undeservedly forgotten. It was only in 1986 that a major exhibition of his works took place; the work of Karl Metiz was talked about as one of the most prominent in the history of Austrian art at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

A Ukrainian artist, master of painting and graphics, author of large panels on themes of myths, portraitist, landscape painter and painter of everyday genre, illustrator.He was born into the family of Grigory Grigorievich Myasoedov, а famous genre painter, one of the founders of the Wanderers movement and artist Ksenia Ivanova. Myasoedov married Ksenia when she was already pregnant with a child whom he did not accept for a long time. His godfather was certain Zotov - Ivan later used this name in emigration. Father, not allowing his wife to show maternal feelings and suggesting the boy that he was a foundling, gave the child to the family of his friend A. Kiselev, a talented Wanderer and landscape painter.Ivan was the creator of the first postage stamps of the Principality of Liechtenstein, listed in all the catalogs. In Liechtenstein, in honor of the 100th anniversary of "Professor E. Zotov", a series of stamps dedicated to him was issued; in 1992, the Art Society named after E. Zotov (I. Myasoedov) was created and bought from the artist’s heirs and collectors more than 3 thousand works of Myasoedov and built a modern museum for them.He wrote the Manifesto of Nakedness, which was included in book “Nudity on the Stage”. The publication caused many protests of the zealots of morality, but the portrait of I. Myasoedov, placed in it, makes it possible to see the "antique" look of the author himself with tattooed eyelids (circus artist's make-up). In those young years, the artist professionally took a great interest in photography and created series of photocompositions on mythological and historical themes, starring nude in the role of an ancient hero, Bacchus or Mercury.In total, Ivan Grigorievich, the son of G. Myasoedov, the founder of the Wanderers, created more than 4 thousand paintings and graphic works.

Martiros Sergeevich (Sarkisovich) Saryan was a Russian and Armenian landscape painter, graphic artist and theater artist.He was born into an Armenian patriarchal family. In 1897-1904, he passed a course at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.An active participant in the exhibitions of “Blue rose”, The Union of Russian artists, “The World of art”, the magazine “Gold Fleece", the association "Four Arts". The founder of the Academy of Arts in Armenia had a title of academician, People’s Artist of the USSR, Hero of social labor, was awarded state prizes. The creativity and activity of M. S. Saryan played a leading role in the formation of the national Armenian school of painting. The House-Museum of Martiros Saryan was opened in Yerevan.“Nature creates a man, in order to look at itself with its eyes, to enjoy its amazing beauty,” - said the artist about creativity.

A Ukrainian painter, innovator, graphic artist and talented teacher.Oleksa was born into the family of a forester, who worked at the estate of the aristocratic Polish family of Brzozowski. Count Tadeusz Grokholsky, the brother-in-law of the landowner, noticed the gifted guy and advised his sister to allocate Novakivsky scholarship and thus ensure his education.The work of the artist covers different genres: landscapes and portraits, still-lifes and plot pictures. Novakivsky created the first in Western Ukraine Art School of a new type headed the Faculty of Art of the Lviv Secret Ukrainian University. UNESCO declared 1972 a year of the artist’s memory; in the same year, the art and memorial museum of O. Novakivsky was opened in Lviv, in the house where he lived and worked for more than 20 years.

An outstanding Hungarian painter and graphic artist, who worked in a transitional style, between Art Nouveau to Expressionism.Among the ancestors on his mother's side (Rosa Waginger was born in Vienna), there were several artists, and Vilmos from his childhood decided to devote himself to the fine arts. The future artist carefully prepared for the entrance examinations to the Hungarian Royal School of Drawing, which he entered in 1912. The teacher of Aba-Novak was famous painter Adolf Fényes.V. Aba-Novak was one of the most original and contradictory talents of modern painting in Hungary, paving the way for an entire generation of avant-garde artists with his extraordinary creativity. In addition to paintings, the master is known for his monumental works adorning the public buildings and churches of the country. The most large-scale and famous are the frescoes in the church in Yassenrandras, the Heroes' Gate in Szeged and the Mausoleum of St. Stephen in Székesfehérvár. The art of Vilmos Aba-Novak was noticed and appreciated when he was alive. The artist was awarded the Grand Prix of the jury of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1939 and the Great Prize of the Venice Biennale of 1940. He was a demanded teacher, and his vivid individual style had many admirers and followers among young talented artists.

Polish artist, draftsman, graphic artist and book illustrator. He was born in the family of a cashier of the bank, was one of eleven children. Witold was interested in art from childhood.He also wrote satirical texts for «Kolets» magazine, actively participated in the activity of "Green Balloon" cabaret, in the publication of elite magazine "Liberum Veto" under the pseudonym "Count Voitek". Was engaged in book graphics. He created a collection of travesty-retellings of the works by the most respected artists, among whom there were Olga Boznanska, Jan Stanislavsky and Leon Vichulkovsky. Being affected by the spirit of fantasy, Wojtkiewicz was able to portray the imaginary world as real. He depicted scenes with children inspired by fairy-tale plots ("Kidnapping of the princess"). Burlesque scenes in the style of Toulouse-Lautrec are, at the same time, more often not deprived of lyricism.Not surviving by his thirtieth birthday, the artist managed to leave a legacy that preceded the development of Expressionism and Surrealism.In 1976, a large retrospective exhibition of the artist was held at the Polish National Museum of Krakow.

A French artist of Swiss origin, a painter, illustrator, engraver and sculptor.Theophile-Alexandre Steinlen studied at the university of his native city to be an industrial designer. At the beginning of his creative career, the artist depicted landscapes, paintings from everyday life and portraits in a traditional manner.A prominent representative of Art Nouveau, Steinlen is known as a poster artist, his posters for the cabaret "Black Cat" in Montmartre made the artist famous and popular among his contemporaries. Steinlen also created illustrations for popular newspapers, magazines and books. He collaborated with several humorous magazines; in 1911, together with friends, founded the newspaper "Humorists", where he published his caricatures and scenes from the life of Paris. The popularity and recognition enjoyed by the artist made him a significant figure in the fine art of the early twentieth century. His graphic works inspired many avant-garde masters, including famous Pablo Picasso.

A famous Swedish painter, graphic artist and sculptor, Zorn was a popular portrait painter. His paintings were ordered by famous politicians, artists and businessmen. The artist worked a lot with watercolor, enjoyed etching. Zorn's creations - portraits, landscapes and engravings – are full of strength and freshness, excellent air and light transmission, simplicity and, at the same time, special dignity and nobility. The artist had a great influence on the development of Russian art.

German artist, graphic artist, sculptor, engraver and architect. He worked in the styles of historical Romanticism, Symbolism and Early modern.In 1892, he became one of the founders of the influential "Society of Berlin Artists", organized exhibitions. He was a member of the Munich Secession, a member of the newly formed Viennese Secession and a professor of the Academy of Fine Arts in Leipzig (since 1897), an honorary member of the Stockholm Academy, had the title of Knight of the Order Pour le merite.A real sensation was the early cycles of 1878 on the theme of the deeds of Christ and Fantasy about the glove. M. Klinger called the depicted "cycles" (events with imaginary fantastic and symbolic realities) "opuses", equating them to musical works.In treatise "Painting and Drawing", which was published in 1891, the author gives an independent meaning to the depiction of the fantastic external world. At the same time, Klinger believed that it was peculiar to the graphics to express such scenes most clearly. Fantasy (a painted story) about the glove is rightly defined by experts as the first Surrealist work. The graphic cycle of "Drama", depicting the revolution of 1848 and the tragedy of the urban "bottom," outlines the line of Social Expressionism.M. Klinger's contribution to sculpture was also original: trying to revive the technique of polychrome plastics, he used various marbles, ivory and gold, bronze and painted alabaster.According to the figurative definition of art, Klinger was "from the family of Durer and Holbein." This is a mournful thoughtfulness, a dramatic pathos, and a contemplative dream. His symbols always embody great feelings and great thoughts.A House-Museum was opened in the artists hometown.

A Finnish artist and graphic artist, a bright representative of Symbolism and one of the first expressionists in the country.Ellen was born into a family of a major official. Her first teacher was her father, and he shared his knowledge with his six children. Considering the talent of his daughter, he supported her studies in private official schools of painting. An endless source of inspiration for the artist was Italy and the works of such outstanding masters as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Italy was the spiritual home of the artist. Here she spent most of her time regularly visiting the country for 45 years. Ellen Tesleff said that only in Italy she was able to understand the true nature of light, how it lays down on objects, how it animates everything around. In Tuscany and Florence, most of her landscapes were created they later became more expressionistic.Ellen Tesleff was an innovative artist. During her long career, she tried a variety of artistic methods and styles, but always remained true to her own romantic and emotional manner. The great merit of the artist is to popularize European art in Finland. Together with his companion and friend Magnus Enckell, she became the founder of the art group "Septem", which contributed to the development of avant-garde painting in Scandinavia.

A Belgian and French artist, graphic artist and sculptor, illustrator.In the history of art, he is considered one of the bright and talented artists who embodied the tragic nature of their era. As a Symbolist, the artist used the traditions of religious painting, in his own way interpreting the plots and relating them to modernity. Very important for the reconstruction of the events of the epoch of symbolism are the already published in the 21st century 18 volumes of a diary by Henry de Groux, which he and his relatives had compiled for 30 years.De Groux engraved a series of lithographs, illustrated the "Book of the Secrets of Peladan".

An Irish artist and writer, considered the biggest English painter of the XX century.Jack Butler Yeats was the youngest son of a painter John Butler Yeats. His elder brother William became a poet and Nobel laureate. The childhood of the future artist passed on the East of Ireland in the county of Sligo. He learnt the basics of fine arts from his father.During his lifetime, Jack Yeats was recognized and famous as a master of landscape and plot painting, a book illustrator, creator of graphics, including caricature. The most amazing fact of his biography may be considered his victory at Olympic games in France in 1924, when painting, like sculpture and architecture, was an Olympic category. J. Yeats remains a popular master – in 2011, the painting “A Just Day. Mayo" (1925) was sold for one million euros.

A German painter, graphic artist, designer, publicist and educator. Heinrich Johann Carl Edward Vogeler was a bright representative of Art Nouveau and one of the founders of Künstlerkolonie Worpswede, a colony of artists, where many famous German Impressionists and Expressionists worked.He was born into a wealthy family. Despite the fact that his father wanted to give his son a commercial education, he persuaded his parents to allow him to paint. Henry studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf, where his teachers were Peter Janssen and Eduard von Gebhardt. One of the sources of inspiration for the young artist was the works of Sandro Botticelli. Vogeler admired the paintings of the Italian master and sometimes compared his work to his own.At the turn of the century, the artist was engaged in painting, graphics, decorated interiors, worked with silver, designed Symbolist magazine "Island". His graphics for the tales of the Brothers Grimm in the art nouveau style is characterized by impeccable beauty and grace. Vogeler adhered to the communist views and opposed the military aggression of Germany. Along with numerous articles in the press, he wrote a number of journalistic pamphlets and books of the left orientation. The artist often visited the Soviet Union, and in 1931 moved to live in Moscow to stay there forever.Vogeler created many illustrations for fairy tales and the works of contemporary symbolic poet artists. He also worked in applied art: chasing on silver, decorating interiors, decorating various household items. In 1895, Heinrich Vogeler developed the design of his manor in Barkenhoff, which was built and decorated according to the principles of Art Nouveau. The artist himself developed the design of furniture, dishes and wallpapers, as well as outfits and decorations for his wife.

Czech teacher, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the largest and brightest representatives of Cubism in his country. The editor of art magazines and an art theorist. Having survived concentration camps, after World War II, he became the first author whose personal exhibition was organized by the official Association of Czech Artists. Filla was engaged in teaching activities, but could not participate in exhibitions, because his works did not belong to Socialist realism. In co-authorship with Otto Guthfreind, the Czech artist created Cubist sculptures, considered to be the very first in the history of fine art. Later he applied this style in decorative and applied art, including painting on glass.Although Cubist architecture became a real phenomenon in the Czech Republic, thanks to the work of such masters as Emil Filla, the legacy in painting became a significant and important part of the European contemporary art. The artist left a significant creative legacy, including a large number of theoretical essays on art. In 1998, he was posthumously awarded The Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk of the 3rd degree for his services to the country.

A German artist, graphic artist, an author of emotionally intense, expressionistic and shocking paintings.He was born into the family of worker Franz Dix and sewer Polina. His mother instilled in his son a love for music and poetry.One of the founders of Dada movement was the most influential creator who formed the image of the Weimar Republic of the 1920s; his works are key in the movement “Neue Sachlichkeit” (“New objectivity” or “New Materiality"). He is one of the founders and participants in the union "Dresden Secession" (1919). In the canvases of Otto Dix, pacifist, social, and in later works biblical motives are vivid. The artist was a participant in two world wars.

An outstanding Romanian artist, graphic artist and illustrator of Jewish origin.The childhood of the future master was held in the city of Ploiesti. There he received a secondary education. Since from an early age, Joseph loved to draw and had a talent for this, he started working as a window dresser and poster designer.One of the most prolific painters of Romania of the 20th century, who achieved fame in Europe, worked in all genres, painting many portraits, including nudes, landscapes of his country, France and Spain, interior and genre scenes, still lifes. The expressionist artist who became a founding member of the association “Arta” (“Art”) that received the title of “People’s”, played a major role in shaping and promoting contemporary visual art in Romania.

An English graphic artist, illustrator, designer, poet and publicist, the largest representative of English Art Nouveau at the end of the 19th century.He was born into a wealthy aristocratic English family. Received comprehensively home education, including music and art. However, his father randomly squandered his family property, and when Aubrey and his sister grew up, they were in need.The main sources of inspiration were paintings of Michelangelo, Botticelli and other Renaissance masters. Also, Aubrey's creative manner was strongly influenced by several art movements.Aubrey Beardsley was one of the creators of the style, known for his brilliant graphic works, most of which are illustrations to the works of such famous authors as O. Wilde, T. Mallory and E. Poe. Beardsley was the art editor of famous magazine "The Yellow Book" and, despite a very short life (only 25 years), became one of the most famous artists of his time and the main figure of the aesthetic movement of the end of the century in England.The author's works are closely connected with musical works and literature. Being comprehensively gifted, Beardsley composed poems and prose. These works, which he illustrated himself, differ in depth, elegance and the refined perception of the world.

A Swiss artist, sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist, who also created numerous wall paintings. He signed his paintings with the pseudonym Emil Sinclair.Cuno Amiet was born into the family of an official (state archivist) in the canton of Solothurn, where he began to take painting lessons.The artist worked in the genres of landscape and portrait. Belongs to the post-impressionist art movement, was a member of the Pont-Aven School, the Nabis group and the Vienna Secession. He was an honorary Doctor of Arts at the University of Berne, as well as an honorary member of the Solothurn Union of Artists, and since 1906 actively participated in the Art Association "The Bridge" (Germany).

A Swiss and French artist of German origin, illustrator, symbolist graphic.Carlos Schwabe is recognized by art historians as one of the main forerunners of Art Nouveau. He received high awards - a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris (1900), membership in the French Legion of Honor (1901). The artist was an illustrator of the lifetime magazines of E. Zola, C. Baudelaire, M. Maeterlink and A. Samain.

French painter, art theorist, and one of the founders of Synthetism. Louis Anquetin is also known as the pioneer of Cloisonnism, a new method of painting that he developed together with Emile Bernard in 1887. This style became the basis for the picturesque “synthetic” symbolism and brought the artist glory as well as recognition his contemporaries.

French artist Berthe Morisot, although not a key figure in the formation of Impressionism, played an important role in its development. She was the wife of Edouard Manet’s brother. A student of the most recognized master Camille Corot, she was a progressive artist and achieved stunning heights in arts, especially in painting portraits. Morisot’s paintings are a vivid example of lyricism, femininity and, at the same time, the resilience and courage of the innovator.

Alfred Sisley is a key representative of French Impressionism, whose talent was primarily manifested in landscapes. Together with like-minded people, he organized the Impressionist community, participated in all the first exhibitions and “Plein airs”. He did not become as successful, famous and popular as Monet and Renoir. Many of his works were lost during the Franco-Prussian War when the artist was forced to flee Paris and leave all his belongings behind.

Mary Stevenson Cassatt was an American Impressionist. The main subjects of her works are the social and personal lives of women and motherhood.She started her creative career with works in the classical style but later joined the Impressionists. The primary mentor and close friend of the artist was Edgar Degas. A unique lyricism and naturalness distinguish the works of Mary Cassatt. Despite the positive mood of all her paintings, Mary Cassatt’s life was not so carefree. Unsupported by her father, she was unrecognised in the United States.

Edgar Degas was a French painter and one of the brightest representatives of the Impressionist movement. When he was young, his father prophesied the career of a lawyer. However, Degas was more interested in arts and admired the painting. The young artist was born into a rich aristocratic family and therefore could devote all his time to the arts without having to worry about money.

Camille Pissarro was a French painter and graphic artist, one of the four first representatives of Impressionism. He painted landscapes, still lifes and portraits. He also worked in the styles of Divisionism (Pointillism) and Post-Impressionism.

Claude Monet was the founder of French Impressionist painting.At the age of fifteen, Monet was known as a French cartoonist. In his school years, he liked to depict his teachers in an irreverent manner. Soon, many Parisians asked him to paint caricatures of certain people.

Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is now among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He created about 2,100 artworks, including landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits.

The cycle “Design of architectural and machine forms”, which includes this composition, reflects Chernikhov’s enthusiasm for industrial architecture after he graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1925. His desire to include the most modern technical equipment in everyday reality fully expressed the spirit of the early Soviet avant-garde, when various machines and mechanisms confidently entered the life of every person.

In the center, there is a man with a cross over which angels soar, and below are strange creatures resembling dogs with open mouths full of sharp teeth.

The artist conceived the image of a crawling child, from whom the rays emanate, shortly after his move to New York

The words "Run Dog" resemble children's exercises for rhythm and rhyme - the artist suggests a new connection between art forms, using "anonymous graffiti aggression".

Mediums: сoal, pencil, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: pencil, ink, wax, watercolour, paper. Location: the Henry Moore Foundation (Perry Green, Hertfordshire, the United Kingdom).

Mediums: watercolor, pastel, paper. Location: The Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Russia).

Mediums: feather, tusche . Location: The Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Russia).

Location: National Gallery of Art, Washington, the USA.

Mediums: pencil, paper. Location: private collection.

Mediums: engraving and aquatint Location: private collection.

Mediums: watercolor. Location: private collection.

Mediums: pencil, paper. Location: The National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Mediums: pencil, paper. Location: Lviv Art Gallery, Ukraine.

Mediums: pen, ink, paper. Location: The Hungarian National Gallery.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kiev.

Location: Finnish National Gallery, Helsinki.

Mediums: paper, pencil. Location: Museum of Contemporary Art, Troyes, France.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University, USA.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Tate Gallery, London, England.

Mediums: ink, paper. Location: Museum of Art, Boston, USA.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: Tate Gallery, London, UK.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: Tate Gallery, London, UK.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: Tate Gallery, London, UK.

Mediums: pencil, verge paper. Dimension: 31,5 × 22 cm. Location: Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia.