Dadaism

A Spanish (Catalan) painter and sculptor, whose work had a huge impact on the entire generation of modern artists. Joan Miro's paintings are the earliest surrealistic works. They served as the basis for the further formation and development of the style that is extremely popular to this day.Joan Miro tried his hand in various modernist and avant-garde styles of European painting, but never stopped on one of them completely, constantly improving and enriching his artistic method, experimenting with different painting techniques and methods. The result of these experiments was his painting style based on surrealism. This is what allowed the artist to rethink the basic principles of fine art in accordance with his original vision of the surrounding reality.The unique world of Joan Miró is full of unique images and symbols. They are presented in the form of pure plastic signs located in an empty space; they are not completely abstract but rather resemble naive art or drawings of children. Miro’s paintings consist of geometric, right or wrong figures, a dance of twisting lines and small details that have mystical meaning and create an indescribable atmosphere of each work.

An Italian artist, an outstanding representative of the second wave of Futurism in painting, one of the first Surrealists in his country. Enrico Prampolini was an unusually gifted man who showed his talent in many branches of art. His contemporaries knew him as a theater set designer and designer, as well as an architect who created several fundamental works. Together with Gerardo Dottori, the artist worked in the style of aerial painting, creating works based on the feeling of flight, the features of the air perspective and speed.Prampolini was one of the authors of the Manifesto of Mechanical Art, which proclaimed the dominance of machines in the world of the future and the close connection of new technologies with painting. The artist believed that contemporary art should be based on the use of mechanical elements from the world of industry. In his works, he praised the coherence and rhythm inherent in the work of mechanisms.The painter’s art developed in close contact with the avant-garde movements of Europe. Prampolini knew Paris Cubists, and also took an active part in the work of the German Bauhaus movement. Being a supporter of the abstract geometric construction of the composition, which is characteristic of Italian Futurism, Prampolini gradually moved to a complete abstraction, including elements of surrealism.

An Italian painter and graphic artist, a representative of Futurism and Metaphysical painting. A creatively active artist and painting theorist, Carlo Carra was one of the most famous artists in Italy in the early decades of the 20th century and an influential member of the futuristic movement.The artist’s style changed dramatically several times over his long career. He survived several successive periods: early Neo-impressionism and Symbolism, Futurism, Cubism, metaphysics and neoclassical painting.The artist made the most significant contribution to Futurism. In his paintings, he skillfully combined the original techniques of cubism with dynamism and the bold innovation of futuristic ideology. Carra’s canvas of the futuristic period is filled with incredibly bright and energetic images, chaotic movement and wild emotions.During the war, he met with Giorgio de Chirico, with whom he founded a style known as metaphysical painting. Since then, he painted still lifes and interiors filled with ominous emptiness and mysterious silence. In the late 1920s, the artist completely abandoned the avant-garde art and defended the conservative aesthetics of Novecento.

A Romanian painter and sculptor of Jewish origin, the main representative of the vanguard of this country in the first half of the 20th century and during the post-war period. The artist made a significant part of his creative career in France. Although Victor Brauner, after his early post-impressionist and expressionist experiences, contributed to every avant-garde movement, much of his work fits into the concept of Surrealism.Active in the cultural life of his country, the artist tried to develop avant-garde movements - he founded the magazine “75 HP” in Bucharest, wrote the “Manifesto of Picto-Poetry,” and organized exhibitions of Dadaists and Surrealists. However, the threat of falling into the dungeons of the Nazis forced the artist to settle in France.Brauner was an active and influential member of the Surrealist association headed by Andre Breton; however, according to art expert, his art stood apart due to the artist’s unbridled imagination and, most importantly, his serious passion for esoteric ideas and the authentic art of different nationalities. This style made the artist original, especially after he lost his eye – the same one, which he depicted as knocked out in his self-portrait seven years before it happened in real.Victor Brauner was a participant in major surrealist exhibitions; in 1966 (in the year of his death), he was chosen to represent France at the Venice Biennale. He willed to make the inscription, "Painting is life, real life, my life" on the grave plate of the Montmartre cemetery.

A Czech artist, a painter, lithographer, graphic artist, book illustration master. Maria Cherminova, the brightest and most significant representative of poeticism and surrealism in the Czech Republic, took the pseudonym Toyen at an early age. Its origins can be interpreted as from the French “Citoyen” - a citizen, and from the Czech phrase, meaning, “this is he”. In both cases, the new name did not give her gender identity. Maria, who tried to break down stereotypes, became a cult figure both in the Czech Republic and in Paris, where she was supported, in particular, by Andre Breton, a leading figure of Surrealism.Toyen was an original and self-sufficient creator. She perceived Surrealism as a driving force of imagination, as well as of the social and political progress. The artist became one of the organisers of the Surrealistic community in Prague. Many of her paintings from the second half of the 1930s also had strong political and anti-war meaning.Hostile to bourgeois conformism, Toyen challenged values ​​based on totalitarianism. The artist left Prague after the Nazi occupation considering the communist regime imposed on the country unacceptable for the creator.In Paris, she participated in the activities of the surrealist group of A. Breton. Although the life and work of Toyen made a great contribution to the development of feminist art, she herself never entered into discussions, did not speak openly about feminism or about her sexual orientation. Nevertheless, experts consider her a pioneer of free female art.

A Swedish artist and writer, one of the first modernists in his country. Gösta Adrian-Nilsson, who signed his paintings with the acronym GAN, was a comprehensively gifted person. He painted in various avant-garde styles, was an active member of the German progressive group Der Sturm (Storm, Berlin), created talented illustrations for the works of his contemporaries, and also wrote his own poems and fairy tales for children. A great admirer of Oscar Wilde in his youth, Adrian-Nilsson adored the decadent movement of the late 19th century, but at the beginning of the next century joined German Expressionists, Italian Futurists, and later French Cubists, making a considerable contribution to the spread of these art movements in his homeland.

An American and French artist of Jewish origin, photographer, director, publicist, the most famous representative of Cubism and Dadaism, who played an important role in the development and dissemination of these and other new trends on the American continent.

A Polish artist, literary critic, poet and playwright, who sought to combine the naivete of folk art with contemporary art movements: Dadaism and Futurism. The parents of the future artist were landowners and gave his son a good education. Tytus graduated from the secondary school in Nowy Sącz, and in 1902 entered the painting faculty of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. Here his teachers were outstanding artists Yu. Mehoffer and S. Wyspianski. Having received an education in Paris and participated in the exhibition of the Salon of Independent in 1911, Tytus Czyzewski had a strong influence on the development of the avant-garde art of Poland. He was a participant and one of the organizers of the group of Polish Expressionists, which was then converted into the group "Formists", and edited the magazine with the same name. For several years he worked in the Embassy of Poland in Paris, was engaged in teaching activities, published scientific works in the field of art.

A Ukrainian avant-garde artist of Jewish origin, a violinist and a composer, who worked in Germany, Brazil and France.Born into the wealthy Jewish family of a coalpit manager. Yuhym's father was fond of architecture and painting, as well as chemistry. A family's friend was outstanding artist W. Kandinsky.As a musician was one of the first and recognized composers and dodecaphonists. As an artist (this is a bigger part of his entire creative career) was one of the founders of Berlin Dadaism, was a co-author of the manifest of the adherents of Dada, participated in exhibitions. The Nazis destroyed his works of the early period as “degenerate art”.

Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp was a French and American artist, an art theorist, one of the founders of such art movements as Dadaism and Surrealism.Was born into a wealthy family. His mother, brothers and sister were engaged in painting, and Marcel grew up in a creative atmosphere, which contributed to the early manifestation of his talent. Following the older brothers, he began to paint in the style of impressionism, presenting quite interesting works from the age of 14.Marcel Duchamp, despite a small number of his works, was one of the most influential figures of fine art after the First World War, a genius and a rebel, who pushed the scope of painting beyond what was permitted. The artist was the author of the "ready-made" method, being the first to use the idea of ​​creating art objects from the most common objects, such as a bicycle wheel and even a urinal. The unusual and sometimes shocking creativity of Duchamp has opened wide opportunities for the further development of avant-garde art all over the world.At the end of his career, the artist departed from painting, preferring to use already finished objects for his works, which he called "ready-made", or creating voluminous collages. In addition to his artistic creativity, Marcel Duchamp starred in films, wrote articles and studied chess, in which he was a professional. Thanks to his versatile and unordinary talent, he left a bright mark in the art of the early twentieth century and laid the foundation for the emergence of completely new methods and trends in painting.

An Israeli and Romanian artist and architect, publisher and writer, a significant figure in the world avant-garde of the 20th century.He was born into a Jewish family. While studying at a secondary school, he also took private piano lessons and individual painting lessons from Romanian Expressionist Joseph Izer.He was a theorist of Dadaism and one of the leading exhibitors of constructivism in Easter Europe, as well as a founding member of several creative and innovative associations of artists in Romania and Israel. Marcel Janko became an organizer and designer of the village of painters and sculptors in Ein Hod near Haifa (Israel), where the Yanko-Dada Museum and studios are now actively working. He is a laureate of several prestigious awards in his historical motherland.

An Austrian artist, poet and writer, the leader of the Berlin Dada.He was born into the family of artists. He received his first drawing skills from his father. In 1900, at the age of fourteen, Hausmann moved with his family to Berlin, where he studied painting at Artur's Studio Arthur Lü Funk.Raoul Hausmann was a key figure among the avant-garde artists of Germany, famous for his photomontages and original collage works, which he used for satire and political protest. The artist also created voluminous compositions, the most famous of which was the "Mechanical Head" or "The Spirit of Our Time". In addition, Hausmann invented an optico-poetic poem, wrote a large number of critical articles, was an editor of the magazine Der Dada, and worked out the manifesto of Berlin's Dada together with like-minded people. He is rightly considered one of the most original artists of his time, whose revolutionary ideas had a direct impact on European avant-garde art.

A French and American artist, designer, graphic illustrator, poet and publicist, who had Cuban citizenship.The artist's father was a Cuban attaché; his mother was a Frenchwoman. Financially secured Picabia studied with Fernand Cormon and other well-known teachers at the School of Applied Arts. After graduation, the artist worked at the studio of Cormon with his classmates Georges Braque and Marie Laurencin for the next four years.Francis Picabia became famous as an eccentric artist who does not obey any rules and stylistic dogmas in his work. He was called "Papa Dada", since he was the largest figure of the Dada movement in the United States and France, and the editor of the avant-garde magazine "391", where the works of artists of this movement were published. Together with his friend and companion Marcel Duchamp, Picabia had a great influence on contemporary art, in particular, on Surrealism and conceptualism. The main galleries of contemporary art in the world still actively acquire the master's paintings.

A German artist, graphic artist, an author of emotionally intense, expressionistic and shocking paintings.He was born into the family of worker Franz Dix and sewer Polina. His mother instilled in his son a love for music and poetry.One of the founders of Dada movement was the most influential creator who formed the image of the Weimar Republic of the 1920s; his works are key in the movement “Neue Sachlichkeit” (“New objectivity” or “New Materiality"). He is one of the founders and participants in the union "Dresden Secession" (1919). In the canvases of Otto Dix, pacifist, social, and in later works biblical motives are vivid. The artist was a participant in two world wars.

An outstanding German artist, sculptor, designer and poet.His father was a German man from Kiel and his mother was from Alsace. His restless nature, the propensity to move, according to Arp, was predetermined - he called himself Jean, when he spoke in French, and Hans, when he switched to German.He was a founding member and participant of many avant-garde groups in Zurich, Munich, Berlin, Cologne, Paris. Cavalier of the main orders of France in the field of culture, winner of many prestigious awards. A large collection of works is presented at the Museum of New and Contemporary Art in Strasbourg, situated on the square of H. Arp. The cultural center in Clamart, a street in Paris. is named after the artist. The Foundation of Arp in Bonn received the status of a national museum in 2004.

German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, poet and one of the key figures in Surrealism and the Dada movement.Ernst’s father was a teacher at a school for deaf children and an amateur artist. That is why, under his guidance, Max started painting at an early age. From the outset, Max was an impressionable child and fancied going to the forest with his father. In 1906, Ernst’s younger sister was born. That same day, his beloved parrot died. The timing of these two events struck the teenager, and he decided that his small sister had taken the life of the bird. From that point on, the artist repeatedly portrayed people in the form of birds.

Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Dutch artist who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. The founder and leader of “De Stijl” (“Style”), a Dutch artistic movement also known as Neoplasticism. As a poet he wrote under the pseudonym I. K. Bonset, and as a philosopher – the pseudonym Aldo Kamini.Van Doesburg was an architect by profession; he learned painting on his own. The artist created his works after long and careful calculation, using mathematical formulas. According to the theory of “Style”, compositions were to be constructed in accordance with the proportional relations between the geometric fragments that are included in their composition.

Mediums: tempera, feather, mica, paper, cardboard. Location: The collection of Mattioli (Milan, Italy).

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: The Museum of Fine Arts, Galati (Romania).

Mediums: еncaustic, canvas, rope, wood, metal. Location: the collection of the artist.

Mediums: oil, newspaper, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: bronze, enamel. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Mediums: encaustic, oil, newsprint, charcoal, canvas. Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the USA.

Mediums: paper, encaustic, gypsum, canvas, wood. Location: The Museum of Modern Art, New York, the USA.

Mediums: сollage, encaustic, oil, fabric, plywood. Location: The Museum of Modern Art, New York, the USA.

Mediums: collage. Location: Tate Gallery (London, Great Britain).

Mediums: watercolour and ink on paper pasted on cardboard. Location: The Museum of Fine Arts (Philadelphia, the USA).

Installation.

Location: Museum of J. Paul Getty, Los Angeles, USA.

Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA.

Location: National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.

Mediums: oil, canvas.

Mediums: pencil, "ready-made". Dimensions: 19,7 x 12,4 сm. Location: Philadelphia Museum of Art, USA.

Mediums: paper, blackboard, ink and gouache.

Mediums: paper, blackboard, ink and gouache.

Printing.

Mediums: woodcut.

Mediums: paper, canvas.

Mediums: lithography, paper. Location: Art Museum of the XX century, Vienna, Austria.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Location: private collection.

Location: Tate Gallery, London, England.

Location: The Museum of Solomon Guggenheim, New York, USA.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 87 x 110 сm. Location: National Gallery of State Museums in Berlin, Germany.

Mediums: woodcuts. Dimensions: 37 x 47 сm. Location: The Israeli Museum.

Location: Museum of Contemporary Art Center Pompidou, Paris.

Mediums: woodblock, wood. Location: National Gallery of Art, New York, USA.

Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA.

Mediums: collage. Location: private collection.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 100 x 81 сm. Location: National Museum of Modern Art, Georges Pompidou Center, Paris.

Mediums: oil, canvas. Dimensions: 125,4 x 107,9 сm. Location: Tate Gallery, London.