1887 - 1910
Cloisonianism
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Cloissonism
From French “cloison” (partition). The natural planes of the image are highlighted with contrasting or soft contours and filled with colours. The outlines are reminiscent of a stained-glass window partition or Art Nouveau graphics.
The term was introduced in 1888 by French critic Edouard Dujardin, who briefly described the work of Louis Anquetin.
Cloissonism is an artistic movement within Post-Impressionism that originated in 1887, as the author’s style of Emile Bernard and Louis Anquetin. Similar movements are Symbolism and Synthetism. Picturesque techniques of Japonism and Fauvism are also present.
Media: gouache, watercolour, tempera, canvas, panel, wood, etc. Genres: subject-thematic, symbolic, religious, nude, portrait, animalistic, landscape and still life. Posing and direct visual contact with the hero of the picture is also visible.
Key ideas:
– A human being is the main object in the paintings of Cloisonnists. The plot consists of various human occupations – working in the field, sewing, grazing, resting, eating, swimming, etc.
– Detailed drawing of planes, small elements using closed lines. Filling planes with colours of different tones. The lack of tonality in Cloisonnism flattens objects, almost destroys the aerial perspective; it resembles works of Fauvists. Due to the use of bright “hot” shades of yellow and red, the paintings seem very warm; they are easily perceived by the viewer.
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A French Symbolist painter, sculptor and graphic artist, a member of the Nabi group. As a landscape painter, the author of plot paintings and a sculptor, Lacombe explored Symbolist themes and interpreted them in his own way. Paintings and sculptures by Georges Lacombe are included in the collections of many museums around the world.
1868 - 1916
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An English artist and designer. She was a member of the creative group "Bloomsbury", the participants of which were British intellectuals, talented painters and poets.Vanessa Bell, maiden name Vanessa Stephen, was born into a creative family. The artist's father was a famous historian, literary critic, theologian and climber Leslie Stephen, who gave his daughter an initial art education. The sister of the artist was famous writer Virginia Woolf.Vanessa Bell was among the first artists who dared to break the barrier between Britain and the mainland. She not only boldly used the methods of Post-impressionism and Art Nouveau in her work, but also actively developed avant-garde movements in England.
1879 - 1961
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A Dutch painter, a bright representative of Post-impressionism.The artist was born and raised in the wealthy Jewish family of an entrepreneur.Being a close friend and follower of Paul Gauguin, Meijer de Haan played an important role in the development of Synthetism not only in his homeland. Despite the great influence of Gauguin, he found his own style in painting and created rather distinctive portraits, still lifes and decorative works. The artist's creative life turned out to be rather short; after refusing to travel with Gauguin to Tahiti, he practically stopped painting and ended his life in obscurity. Only a few dozen works of the painter have survived; they are mainly stored in private collections.It is still unknown why the gifted artist, passionate about painting, did not continue his career. Perhaps the decision of de Haan was influenced by the departure of Gauguin to Tahiti, or Theo Van Gogh’s early death, or perhaps it was the pressure from relatives who stopped sending him money; after 1891 the artist did not create a single canvas. He returned to the Netherlands, where he died in obscurity, leaving behind only a few dozen extraordinary and certainly talented canvases.
1852 - 1895
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The biggest representative of Post-impressionism and partially Symbolism; however, his early works were created in the style of impressionism. He is considered the forerunner and one of the pioneers of the art of modernism (in the broad sense of this term) not only in painting, but also in sculpture and graphics.Gauguin began painting as an amateur in the 1870s. Soon he actively participated in exhibitions. He became worldly famous only after his demise. And at the end of the 20th century, biographical films about his life were created.
1848 - 1903
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A French artist, graphic artist and designer. Representative of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, one of the founders of the group of artists "Nabis" (French "Nabis", from Hebrew "The Prophets").The works of Vuillard are referred to the genre of "intimism" for the striving for the poetization of everyday life. Paintings of Vuillard, covering not so many themes, differs in harmony and original tonal decision, which makes it quite recognizable even among other "nabists". The artist is famous not only for his paintings, but also for interesting monumental compositions. His frescoes can be seen in the foyer of the theater of the Champs Elysees, in the Palais de Chaillot and the Palace of Nations in Geneva.
1868 - 1940
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A French artist, one of the founders and theoreticians of the Nabis group (from Hebrew "The Prophets"). Paul's father was the owner of a perfume factory and dreamed of making his son a merchant. However, at school young Serusier showed a penchant for fine arts and languages. A disciple and a faithful follower of Paul Gauguin. It was Serusier who introduced the work of the outstanding painter to his friends at the Academy of Art who adopted and applied new artistic principles in their work. In addition to paintings and graphics, Serusier created several theoretical works. One of them is "The ABC of Painting", where the artist presented his understanding of the basics of painting.
1864 - 1927
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Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director and writer. One of the most famous figures in Surrealism, and author of “The Persistence of Memory”, one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century.Dalí started painting at the age of four. He created his first serious work at the age of ten. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Henceforth, Dali spent whole days sitting in a small, specially allocated room and painting pictures. “I wanted to be given the laundry under the roof of our house. I got it and made it my own workshop, decorating it in the way I preferred,” he remembered later. Moreover, he liked to analyze the works of famous artists. He wrote and published essays about the works of Velazquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
1904 - 1989