Architectural modernism

Remment Koolhaas (1944) was a famous Dutch architect, architectural theorist, winner of the Pritzker Prize (2000), a representative of the neo-constructivist movement in European deconstructivism. Starting from the formal techniques and aesthetics of modernism, he proposed radical transformations of modernist models, developing the principle of Le Corbusier's spatial framework in large-scale projects, since he believed that architecture should correspond to the current cultural situation. He dealt with the problems of urban planning, the problems of the modern city, the development of cities, developed the urban theory of dissonance.

Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012) was an outstanding Brazilian architect, one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. He built the new capital of the country - Brasilia - from reinforced concrete using the most interesting various forms of structures in the objects. Niemeyer's architecture is very plastic - a kind of free-form sculpture. In his projects, the architect always strived for picturesque and plastic compositions, considering one of the main shortcomings of modern architecture, in particular European, its geometricity, insufficient reflection and insufficient use of specific landscape conditions.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 - 1969) was an American architect of German descent, one of the founders of the "international style", which is characterized by the use of regular geometric shapes. His work has had a noticeable impact on subsequent generations of architects.

Richard Neutra (1892-1970) was an American architect of Austrian descent, one of the most influential architects of the twentieth century. Richard Neutra was instrumental in the rise of modernism in Southern California and around the world. His influence on post-war architecture is undeniable.

Alvar Aalto (1898 - 1976) was an outstanding Finnish architect, one of the founders of "architectural modernism" and Scandinavian design, belongs to the category of humanist architects who accepted new technology and were actively interested in the problems of mass production, but prevented technology from getting between man and his natural needs.

Adolf Loos (1870-1933) was an Austrian architect, architectural theorist, one of the most influential European architects of the late 19th century, and is often known for his literary discourse that foreshadowed the foundations of the entire modernism. His architectural influence is mainly limited to major works in contemporary Austria and the Czech Republic.

An outstanding Chinese architect. His architecture reflects the desire to develop the theme of geometric expressionism, to boldly operate with hypertrophied large-scale stereometric volumes; he was looking for absolutes of meaningful form in the outlines of elementary geometric bodies. Ieoh Ming Pei, known for his deep understanding of the time, purpose and place of each of his creations, was interested in how a building will affect the life of the community that uses it. His quest sparked new design movements towards ergonomic design, sustainable living and construction.

Walter Gropius was the most respected architect in Germany, whose work covers not only urban planning, housing, industrial construction, and the construction of educational institutions. Gropius taught an entire generation of American architects.

House of Music, Portugal, Porto, (2005).

Central Library, USA, Seattle, (2004).

The National Dance Theater, Netherlands, The Hague, (1984 - 1987).

The structure expresses the idea of independence of the building from changing functions. The only undivided space with its expression in a laconic "clean" volume. The building is a simple rectangular metal structure on eight columns, between which are suspended two horizontal planes - the floor and floors.

The principles of the Barcelona Pavilion are applied to a residential building. Here is the same concept of a free plan structure in the form of metal pillars and wall-screens, inside which space "shimmers". The principle of a fused spatial system was observed in a non-functional one.

The best of his works of the European period. The building's flat floor slab is supported by thin metal supports; walls, freed from constructive function, only dissect and organize space.

Kaufmann House (1946) is in the desert and is entirely made of aluminum and glass. It is known for its indoor microclimate, solar heating in winter and artificial cooling in summer. The design of the house is rather simplistic; the living and dining room is in the center, which is the heart of the house. The rest branches out according to the function it performs.

Lovell House or "Health House", built in Los Angeles for physician Philip Lovell. The idea was to create an architectural structure that would be as healthy as possible for humans. The structure is inscribed in the surrounding landscape, with terraces descending from a steep hill, enveloped in nature, making up one whole with it. It uses a steel frame that was installed in forty working hours; the rest of the elements were assembled on site. The main materials are glass and concrete.

Built in three phases that reflect Neutra's three main periods. The exterior looks like a modernist house, but the interior is designed by analogy with a Spanish palazzo from the 17th century.

On a semicircle formed by the relief, Aalto placed the buildings of his office. This amphitheater can be viewed as an inner courtyard, the shape of which is convenient for lecturing to young employees in the open air in summer. The space is divided into living and working areas.

Neoclassical plan with its axial "royal staircase", atectonic façade and frieze, giant Egyptian-style door. By isolating the reading room from unnecessary visual contact with the environment and providing an even diffused light, Aalto creates perfect conditions for mental work. 

The main public buildings of the capital city - the Academic Hall of the Finland Congress (1971), a concert hall, an opera house, a museum of fine arts, a city library and reserve buildings - were planned to be located along the western coastline of Tjole Bay.

On the site where the center of the Syayunyatsalo settlement was built in 1952, the moraine masses of land were preserved. As a result, the surface of the central site of the complex turned out to be a whole floor higher than the surrounding buildings. This made it possible to create a kind of patio-terrace, which could be reached by two staircases.

This house is the manifesto of Ornament and Crime, written in 1908, in which A. Loos rejected the florid style of the Vienna Secession. The house demonstrates the basic architectural principles of Loos: design excludes all tools of art in order to emphasize function.

The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha (2008), inspired by ancient Islamic architecture, in particular the Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo, is located on a separate island and surrounded by a park.

The most famous project of the architect. The pyramid decorates the lobby of a huge art complex, united by underground structures. As the main entrance, the architect did not want to see something like a metro station, but an entrance that would attract visitors to the museum.

One of the most famous skyscrapers in Hong Kong and has a cosmopolitan character. The height of the building with antennas is 367 meters. 72 storey building.